• 농촌계획
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2005

The objective of this study is to suggest a planning direction for the management and conservation of a rural landscape. For suggesting the planning direction, this study was classified rural landscape resources based on spatial type to understand the assessment of rural landscape. This study examined literature reviews and site investigations for collecting the data on the resources of a rural landscape to maintain rurality. First above all, it was classified into physical and non-physical resources. Non-Physical resources include elements such as inhabitants' will, leaders' will and the software. It is also to reflect all these factors on the planning. Next, this study classified the resources of a landscape into artificial and natural resources and applied these resources to rural areas which were divided into five types: industry area, life area, natural landscape area, program area and human behavior area. The pictures obtained from this field survey were used for a questionnaire survey to understand the value of a rural landscape. The contents of questionnaire survey were divided into two parts: the presentation condition of a rural land-scape and assessment of a rural landscape. Especially, the value of a rural landscape was divided into the ecological value, socio-cultural value and holistic value.

• 한국환경교육학회지:환경교육
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.97-112
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• 2010

The study aims to comprehend the effect of the wetland ecology education on the elementary school students' changes of recognition about wetland through the wetland ecology map program. In this study, the literary research, the experimental research and the survey methods were operated. Through the literary research, the environmental factors were extracted, and the writing item of ecology map was reconstructed based on the literary research, so the experimental research was operated with the wetland ecology map program. Through four areas of test items such as the information and knowledge, values and attitudes, development and conservation, behavior and participation, and the analysis of children's study results, the effect of the wetland ecology map program on changes of recognition about wetland was verified quantitatively and qualitatively. Wetland ecology map program would be able to be an educational approach which can achieve the 'personalization of environment' setting up predictable environmental improvement goals and satisfying the needs of spatial information of the appropriate regions from the holistic perspective that students themselves plan and participate beyond a one-time experience program. Production of ecological map through continuous monitoring is expected to improve the possibility of subjective environmental actions by operating self-directed learning. Based on the conclusion of this study, we would suggest the following. For wetland ecology map program to be supplemented and utilized, the basic education of wetland should be organized in regular school curriculum, ecology map program including various teaching learning methods be prepared actively, and in future studies, studies of ecosystem-wide wetland ecology map program including animals like birds and fish are necessary.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제87권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 1998

본 연구는 산책로 환경을 정비하여 산림내 휴양기능의 개선방안을 모색하고저 1996년 일본의 동경 근교 공원에서 산책로의 환경특성, 이용 및 관리실태를 조사하였다. 그 결과 현재 조사지역 모두 환경보전이나 휴양환경을 개선하기 위한 정비보다는 이용 활성화를 위해 노력하고 있었다. 그러나 최근 공원의 방문목적이나 이용행태를 감안하면 휴양공간에서 경관성과 쾌적성의 확보는 가장 시급한 요인이라고 판단되었다. 따라서 산책로에 경관성과 쾌적성을 확보할 수 있는 정비방안으로는 자연성이 확보된 산책로의 정비 및 노선선정, 혼잡감을 억제할 수 있는 이용자의 조절방안 마련, 도로변에 시각적 이미지의 제고와 학습효과를 부가할 수 있는 식생관리기법의 도입 및 자연생태계의 보전을 도모할 수 있는 효율적인 운영관리 등이 요구된다.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.429-438
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• 2011

In order to simulate a free surface flow in a trench channel, a three-dimensional incompressible unsteady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are closed with the ${\kappa}-{\epsilon}$ model. The artificial compressibility (AC) method is used. Because the pressure fields can be coupled directly with the velocity fields, the incompressible Navier-Stokes (INS) equations can be solved for the unknown variables such as velocity components and pressure. The governing equations are discretized in a conservation form using a second order accurate finite volume method on non-staggered grids. In order to prevent the oscillatory behavior of computed solutions known as odd-even decoupling, an artificial dissipation using the flux-difference splitting upwind scheme is applied. To enhance the efficiency and robustness of the numerical algorithm, the implicit method of the Beam and Warming method is employed. The treatment of the free surface, so-called interface-tracking method, is proposed using the free surface evolution equation and the kinematic free surface boundary conditions at the free surface instead of the dynamic free surface boundary condition. AC method in this paper can be applied only to the hydrodynamic pressure using the decomposition into hydrostatic pressure and hydrodynamic pressure components. In this study, the boundary-fitted grids are used and advanced each time the free surface moved. The accuracy of our RANS solver is compared with the laboratory experimental and numerical data for a fully turbulent shallow-water trench flow. The algorithm yields practically identical velocity profiles that are in good overall agreement with the laboratory experimental measurement for the turbulent flow.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.401-410
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• 2002

Concerns for energy conservation, environmental pollution, and the fact that organic wastes account for a major portion of our waste materials, have created the interest of biogas, which usually contains about 60 to 70 percent methane, 30 to 40 percent carbon dioxide, and other gases, including ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, mercaptans and other noxious gases. Cyclone combustors are used for homing a wide range of fuels such as low calorific value gas, waste water, sludge. coal, etc. The 3-dimensional swirling flow, combustion and emission in a tangential inlet cyclone incinerator under different inlet conditions are simulated using a standard k-s turbulence model and ESCRS (Extended Simple Chemically-Reacting System) model. The commercial code Phoenics Ver.3.4 was used for the present work. The main parameters considered in this work are inlet velocity and air to fuel ratio. The results showed that the change of operating conditions had an influence on the shape and size of recirculation zones, mixture fraction and axial velocity which are important factors for combustion efficiency and emission behavior. The application of this kind of computer program seams to be promising as a potential tool for the optimum design of a cyclone combustor with low emission.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.75-81
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• 1985

정지상태의 수역에서 연직상향으로 방류(放流)되는 평면부력(平面浮力)?의 발달과정(發達過程)흐름영역(領域)의 거동이 질량(質量), 운동량(運動量) 및 추적물보존(追跡物保存)의 적분방정식(積分方程式)에 의하여 해석된다. 이 해석은 밀도(密度)후르드수(數)와 핵(核)에 대한 퍼짐비 및 발달과정(發達過程)흐름영역(領域)의 길이를 포함한다. 발달과정(發達過程)흐름영역(領域)의 끝에서 중심선속도(中心線速度)는 특히 낮은 밀도(密度)후르드수(數)에서 부력(浮力)의 영향을 크게 받는다. 이 결과는 발달(發達)된 흐름영역(領域)의 해석(解析)에 필요한 초기조건(初期條件)을 제공한다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.88-101
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• 1995

본 연구는 쓰레기 처리문제와 관련하여 분리수거, 감량화, 재활용 등에 적극적으로 참여해야 할 주부소비자를 중심으로 환경보전의식과 환경보전행동을 살펴보고 관련된 변인들을 분석해 봄으로써 환경보전에 대한 소비자의 책임감과 올바른 환경관을 고취시키고 나아가 환경교육프로그램의 개발과 환경정책에 필요한 기초자료를 제공하기 위하여 수행되었다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1) 주부의 환경보전의식 수준은 평균 4.25(5점만점)로 높게 나타났으며, 연령과 주거형태에 따라서만 유의한 차이를 보였다. 환경보전행동 수준은 평균 3.56으로 비교적 높게 나타났으며, 연령, 학력, 월평균 가계소득이 높을수록 분리수거함이 존재할 경우, 반상회에 참여함에 따라 높게 나타났으며 변화추구에 소극적이고 적극활동형, 전통주의형, 합리주의형, 현실안정형의 성향이 높은 주부일수록 환경보전의식 및 행동이 높게 나타났다. 또한 주부의 쓰레기 처리에 대한 관심도는 평균 3.97로 비교적 높게 나타났으며 연령, 학부, 분리수거함의 존재, 주거형태가 아파트와 단독주택인 경우에 관심도가 높은 것으로 나타났다. 2) 주부의 환경보전의식 및 행동과 쓰레기 처리에 대한 관심도간에는 정적상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 3) 주부의 쓰레기 처리에 대한 관심도에 영향을 미치는 변인으로는 환경보전운동에의 참여행도, 환경교육, 적극활동형, 변화추구형, 재활용행동으로 나타났다.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.669-680
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• 2018

The rapidly decreasing natural resources and the global variation of the climate push us to find intelligent and efficient structural systems to provide more people with fewer resources. This paper proposed a kinematic cable-strut system to realize sustainable structures in responding to changing environmental conditions. At first, the concept of the kinematic system based on crystal-cell pyramid (CP) cable-strut unit was given. Then the deployment of the structure was studied experimentally. After that, the static behaviors in the fully deployed state under the symmetric and asymmetric load cases were investigated. Moreover, the effects of thermal loading and the initial prestress distribution were also discussed. Comparative studies between the proposed structure and other deployable cable-strut system under three times of design load cases were carried out. Finally, the robustness of the system was studied by removal of one passive cable at one time.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.259-264
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• 2024

Dalbergia sissoo and Dalbergia latifolia are the two most important timber wood species that are indigenous to the Indo-Pak subcontinent producing very high-quality timber. Its wood is used to produce high-quality furniture. Due to overexploitation and dieback disease, their production is seriously hampered and threatens their genetic diversity. Several ecotypes are tolerant to dieback thus offering an opportunity to develop a superior hybrid for the establishment of plantations for hybrid seed production. Hybrid evaluation can only be done by using DNA markers such as SSR markers. Cross-specific amplification of SSR markers is a cost-effective way of producing DNA markers for species lacking genetic information. Here, we report for the first-time successful cross-amplification of SSR markers in Dalbergia latifolia and added new SSR markers in D. sissoo. Cross-species amplification resulted in 13 successful SSR markers in D. latifolia and an addition of 14 markers in D. sissoo of expected sizes. Six SSR markers were further selected randomly to validate the breeding behavior of both species. A diverse DNA profile of seed progenies matched to different pollen donors deviated from the same mother suggested cross-pollination is the most likely mechanism of seed production in D. sissoo and D. latifolia. However, the results must be validated by using a large sample size and through controlled pollinations. SSR markers thus developed will be useful in the conservation and development of superior hybrids for sustainable development and production of commercial populations in Dalbergia sissoo and D. latifolia.

• 환경생물
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.121-127
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• 2008

멸종위기종 황새의 보존와 복원 계획을 진행하는 과정에서 황새의 섭식행동과 서식지 환경을 이해하기 위하여 연구를 시작하였다. 이를 위하여 충북 청원군 미원면 화원리에 있는 산지형 습지 일부에 울타리를 치고 황새 암수의 한 쪽 날개의 첫째날개깃 일부를 잘라 방사하여, 6월 16일부터 7월 11일까지 25일간 일일 그리고 시간에 따른 섭식 행동 변화, 먹이 종류 및 양, 먹이 서식지 선택을 관찰하였다. 황새 암수의 하루 중 시간에 따른 섭식 시간과 휴식 시간은 이차함수적인 관계를 보여주었으나 이런 경향성은 25일간에 걸쳐 암수 간 큰 차이를 보여주지 않았다. 또한 황새는 다른 유형의 서식지 및 같은 유형의 연구지역 끝 쪽에 위치한 습지(습지 2)보다 연구지역 중간에 있는 습지 (습지 1)를 더 많이 이용하였다. 습지 1에 대한 이용 정도는 25일간 큰 변화를 보이지 않았으나 두 번째로 많이 이용된 논은 연구 기간 후반부로 갈수록 줄어들었고 반면에 습지 2와 통로의 이용 정도는 후반부로 갈수록 증가하였다. 암컷은 수컷보다 섭식에 보다 많은 시간 소비하였으나 섭식효율성은 암수 간 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 추후 서식지 조성 및 관리적 측면에서 황새의 섭식행동과 생태에 대한 의의를 논의에서 다루었다.