• Journal of the Korea Society for Simulation
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.81-90
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• 2012

Presented in this paper is a study for construction of a simulation system for the engagement of ground weapon systems. This paper proposes architecture for the simulation system based on agent simulation design methodology. Every entity of the proposed architecture is developed by assembling modularized agent components, and it enhances the reusability and composability of the entity. Consequently, time, costs, and efforts that are required to develop a new simulation system is able to be reduced by the enhancement. In the case of ground engagement simulation, it is very important to reflect environmental effects. Synthetic battlefield of the proposed architecture has environmental data of the battlefield and interacts with entities in the simulation system. The proposed architecture based simulation system can build swiftly various simulation models by the objectives and derive reasonable results from behaviors of entities that include environmental effects. This paper contains the construction of an example system based on the proposed architecture to verify the advantages of the architecture.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.167-178
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• 2014

The populations of Pinus densiflora in South Korea were grouped into 4 types; Community of Pinus densiflora-Quercus serrata, Community of Pinus densiflora-Quercus mongolica, Community of Pinus densiflora-Fraxinus sieboldiana & Rhus javanica & Quercus mongolica and Community of Pinus densiflora-Prunus sargentii & Rhododendron mucronulatum. The Shannon diversity index was varied between 0.9171 and 1.5016, while the Similarity index was varied between 43.18 and 72.16. The species of Pinus densiflora are correlated positively significant with Carex humilis var. nana, Quercus serrata and Atractylodes ovata and negatively significant with Aster scaber and Sorbus alnifolia in order. According to the Correlation analysis, the relationship between the distribution of Pinus densiflora populations and the environment factors are closely related with the character of forest soil. Thus types for Pinus densiflora are differed. pH, Ex. K and Ex. Ca of Pinus densiflora populations effect No. of species and H'(shannon index). Canopy open effects No. of Individuals of Pinus densiflora community.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 2011

Diethyl phthalate (DEP) and nonylphenol (NP) are widely spread in the natural environment as an endocrine disruption chemicals (EDs). Therefore, in this study, ultrasound (US) and ultraviolet (UVC), including $TiO_2$, as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) were applied to a DEP and NP contaminated solution. When only the application of US, the optimum frequency for significant DEP degradation and a high rate of hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) formation was 283 kHz. We know that the main mechanism of DEP degradation is radical reaction and, NP can be affected by both of radical reaction and pyrolysis through only US (sonolysis) process and combined US+UVC (sonophotolysis) process. At combined AOPs (sonophotolysis/sonophotocatalysis) such as US+UVC and US+UVC+$TiO_2$, significant degradation of DEP and NP were observed. Enhancement effect of sonophotolysis and sonophotocatalysis system of DEP and NP were 1.68/1.38 and 0.99/1.17, respectively. From these results, combined sonophotocatalytic process could be more efficient system to obtain a significant DEP and NP degradation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.72-79
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• 2010

This research was initiated to investigate the revegetation characteristics under seedling types of native woody plants on a disturbed slope. 4 different seedling types of woody plants (control, unit seedling plot, nature seedling plot, pot seedling plot) with the same woody plants (Rhus chinensis Mill, Albizzia julibrissin Duraz., Quercus acutissima Carr., Pinus densiflora S. et Z.) were treated with 3 replications on the experimental disturbed slope. Data such as the died number of native woody plants, growth height and visual quality were analyzed. The died number of plants were high in unit seedling plot when compared to the rest plots of seedling types. From the standpoint of died plant species, the died number were high in Rhus chinensis and Albizzia julibrissin whereas the died number were low in Quercus acutissima and Pinus densiflora. That's because we used 1-year old seedlings of Rhus chinensis and Albizzia julibrissin and 3-year old seedling Quercus acutissima and Pinus densiflora. This result indicated that the died reason of native woody seedling was not species but seedling age. Both growth height and visual quality were ranked first in the pot seedling plot, second in the nature seedling plot, third in the unit seedling plot, and last in the control plot, respectively. However, the difference of both growth height and visual quality in each seedling plot was not observed on the 11 months after planting. Especially, the main reason of low rooting and growth value in the unit seedling plot was due to wooven fabric outer crust of pot that obstruct seedling rooting into the soil. We concluded that pot seedling of native woody plants was effective in the viewpoint of the ecological disturbed slope revegetation.

• Journal of Information Technology and Architecture
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.253-263
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• 2012

Presented in the paper is a methodology for the distributed simulation of underwater warfare based on standard synthetic environment. In the case of underwater warfare simulation, it is very important to reflect environmental data, such as salinity and temperature. For the reusability and interoperability of environmental data, this paper adopts Synthetic Environmental Data Representation and Interchange Specification (SEDRIS(ISO standard for environmental data)). Although SEDRIS provides various merits as an international standard, applying of SEDRIS has been hindered by its broadness and heaviness. To relieve the difficulties, this paper proposes an efficient procedure to utilize SEDRIS technology for the atmosphere and underwater environment. This paper identifies SEDRIS structure for the atmosphere/underwater structured dimensional grid-based and implements the proposed procedure on the High Level Architecture (HLA) / Run-Time Infrastructure (RTI) to explain the generation of the battlefield in a distributed simulation system.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.1003-1009
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• 2012

An instantaneous environmental noise simulation method emitted by a moving high-speed train by quasi-stationary analysis is proposed in this study. In the method, the propagation attenuations from stationary point sources on segmented railways to a receiver are calculated using a general purpose environmental noise prediction program ENPro based on the ISO 9613-2 method. Then, the instantaneous environmental noise at a receiver due to a moving high-speed train considering convection effect is evaluated with the information on the propagation attenuations from the instantaneous train location to the receiver and the sound power levels and directivity of stationary point sources evaluated by German Schall 03 (2006). To demonstrate the validity of proposed method, simulated and measured time history of instantaneous noise for KTX-I and KTX-II on running are compared and the results show that the method can be utilized for the train noise source identification as well as the simulation of instantaneous environmental noise emitted by a high-speed train.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 2021

The honey bee has a crucial ecological status for maintaining the natural ecology system. Pollination mediations by honey bees are recognized as an efficient way to enhance the quality of biological diversity and green areas in the nature and the urban ecological system. However, the population of bee around the world is decreasing and we do not know exactly how bees react to the physical environment in the urban area. This study is a basic research for the improvement of pollination services in the Korean urban ecological system. It aims to induce and review environmental variables which have high relations with the activities of pollination mediation insects in the urban area. The study established a Maxent model using five urban environmental variables that reflect the ecology of Bombus ignitus and the place information where Bombus ignitus appears in 18 spots of Seoul city, and compared with previous research results on Apis millifera. Bombus ignitus preferred places with more natural environments such as mountain forest areas and vicinities of streams. They preferred Stratified Tree Area the most among the vegetation types existing in the urban area. Comparing chicken models, both species saw their response value drop as the building coverage rose. In the case of Apis millifera and Bombus ignitus variables, the response value of both species was high in 10 out of 20 types. The result of this study is expected to provide basic information for improving the pollination services in the Korean urban area and to be utilized as the basic materials for the future urban planning.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.29-41
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• 2022

Alien species cause problems in various ecosystems, reduce biodiversity, and destroy ecosystems. Due to these problems, the problem of a management plan is increasing, and it is difficult to accurately identify each individual and calculate the number of individuals, especially when researching alien turtle species such as GPS and PIT based on capture. this study intends to conduct an individual recognition study using a UAV. Recently, UAVs can take various sensor-based photos and easily obtain high-definition image data at low altitudes. Therefore, based on previous studies, this study investigated five variables to be considered in UAV flights and produced a test paper using them. OCR was used to monitor the displayed turtles using the manufactured test paper, and this confirmed the recognition rate. As a result, the use of yellow numbers showed the highest recognition rate. In addition, the minimum threat distance was confirmed to be 3 to 6m, and turtles with a shell size of 6 to 8cm were also identified during the flight. Therefore, we tried to propose an object recognition methodology for turtle display text using OCR, and it is expected to be used as a new turtle monitoring technique.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1197-1201
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 각각의 시점에서의 변화확률을 산정하여 변화시점을 추정하는 Barry와 Hartigan(BH)의 베이지안 변화시점 추정 방법(Bayesian changing points estimation method)을 이용하여 측우기 관측자료계열(CWK)과 근대우량계 관측자료계열(MRG)간의 변화에 대한 상대확률적 절점의 발생여부를 분석하였다. 각 강우특성별로 상대확률적인 변화시점 분석을 통하여 CWK와 MRG 간의 동질성 분석을 실시하였다. 분석 결과, CWK의 정성적인(본질적인) 통계적 특성은 MRG와 큰 차이가 없어 보인다. 다만, 관측정밀도의 한계로 인한 정량적인 차이가 존재하는 것으로 판단되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.1202-1206
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 세계 최장의 기록을 보유하고 있는 서울지점의 강우량 자료를 이용하여 강우 발생특성의 장기 변동성을 분석하였다. 우선 마코브 연쇄에 근거한 전이확률 및 발생특성을 분석하여 측우기 자료의 정확성을 강우의 발생확률적 측면에서 평가하였다. 전이확률 및 발생특성 분석결과 원자료 계열의 CWK와 MRG는 발생특성이 다르게 나타났다. 강우사상의 특성은 과거에 비해 강우사상의 발생빈도가 높아지고 있으며 각 강우사상의 지속기간은 짧아지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 최근 강우량의 증가양상과 더불어 고려하면 강우사상의 빈도와 심도(강우강도)가 증가하는 추세라고 해석할 수 있다.