• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.1-22
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• 1997

This paper was focused on the efficient management of landscape woody plants, and concerned itself with their important role in the urban environment. Based on the philosophy that there is nothing that can be done without an inventory, the purpose of this study was to develop an inventory system and iris proper application to a site for establishing a management plan Two different approaches were used, The first was to make a newly structured inventory system through collecting, analyzing, and evaluating various types of inventories used in Korea, the U. S. A., and Japan. The second approach was to apply a newly designed inventory system to the case study area. using GIS 'as a tool of spacial analysis and statistics for making decisions. The results could be summarized as follows; 1. In Korea, most of the Landscape Woozy Plants Inventories had datas which represented possession of trees, and only the work which they had done according to their traditional ways, There was no data related to the conditions, management needs, and site conditions of individual trees, This is essential information for organizing an inventory system . 2. There needs to be data which is balanced, containing tree characteristics and site characteristics. Through such information the management needs could be adjusted properly. The inventory list described in this paper was determined by botanical identity, placement condition, condition of tree, and types of work for maintaining as well as improving the condition of each tree One of the most important things was to determine the location data of each tree so as to compare data with other trees. The data gained from the field survey still had some problems because of lack of scientific method for supporting objective views, and because of actual situations, especially in the field of evaluating site conditions and management needs. All data should be revised to fit a computer data management system , if possible 3. The GIS(Geographic Information System) application showed good performance in handling inventory data for decision making. All the data used for the GIS application was divided into location and non-spatial data. Using the location data, it was easy to find the exact location of each tree on the monitor and on the maps generated by the computer even in the actual managed trite, along with various attribute data. Therefore it could be said that the entire management plan should start from data of individual trees with their exact locations, for making concrete management goals through actual budget planning.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.205-209
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• 2009

Recently, the increase of the size of GNP and the expansion of the foreign tour opportunities by the common 5 days work system in a week, reaction of the burden for visiting foreign countries, and expansion of airlines caused the rapid increase of overseas tour but slow increase in the number of foreign tourists, due to the price rise which might impact on the competitive power, and lack of tour infrastructure and attractiveness. As the wide area along the east coast of GyeongBuk Province has great amount of cultural, ocean and natural resources, it helps to get focused the tour industries and maximize the synergy effect through the mutual development coupling the resources and regions. On the basis of the potentials for the growth of east coast area to the international level and the development of local resources, a ocean tour and resort complex for four seasons, which has s strong connection to the local areas resulting the wide tour bond, could help to improve the local economy and balance the development of local province, and furthermore, jump to the level of the center in the East Coast area in the international society. Through the investigation and analysis of the ocean space development status and usage at the advanced foreign countries, the new meaning of the ocean space at the tour and resort complex would be proposed to the relevant local government in fit.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.19-45
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• 2008

This study intended to examine the Korean municipal police operating system which is certain to be introduced to the nation, and verify the effect of the new appointment system presented herein from the viewpoint of police and experts in related areas, thus contributing to having the municipal police system in place stably. In particular, this study focused on the education and training in the process of a new appointment. On the basis of the discussion based on the results, it could be concluded that: First, it must be executed the adequate education and training to foster needed democratic policemen considering regional realities and different localities. Second, it must be included the open environment to train competent policement in the process of education and training. In addition, it needed to utilize the educational facilities and professor of regional universities. Third, it must be needed to secure independent education and training different from National Policemen Education. To do this, it must be developed curriculum fit for characteristics fo the municipal police system.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.46-51
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• 2006

Phosphorus accumulation in fertilized soils becomes serious problem for agriculture and the environment. In this investigation, we conducted a laboratory scale investigation to find the most desirable displacement methods of the adsorbed phosphate onto the soil particle surfaces. Soil samples which contained high amount of phosphate were collected at two different depths (0-10 cm and 10-20 cm) from four locations at the moderate highland located in Nonsan, Chungnam. To observe the mobilization of solid-phase phosphate, soil samples were equilibrated with oxalic acid solutions ranging from $10^{-5}$ to $10^{-1}cmol\;L^{-1}$ with the dilution factors of 1:1, 1:2.5, 1:5, 1:10, and 1:20. The mineralized P sharply increased as the concentration of oxalic acid was greater than $5{\times}10^{-4}cmol\;L^{-1}$ under dilution factors of 1:1, 1:2.5, and 1:5. The breaking concentration of oxalic acid was lowered to $10^{-4}cmol\;L^{-1}$ and $5{\times}10^{-5}cmol\;L^{-1}$ for dilution factors of 1:10 and 1:20, respectively. The curve fit obtained from the graph can be described by exponential growth when the dilution factors were 1:1, 1:2.5, and 1:5 while the sigmoidal shape for 1:10 and 1:20, showing the mineralization of P were significantly dependent on the dilution factor.

• Journal of agriculture & life science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.43-51
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• 2011

This project was conducted to measure actual temperature, relative humidity (RH), and light intensity at different apartment floors and to suggest suitable indoor plants by investigating morphological changes of Treophelosparmum asiatioum and Fittonia verchaffeltii var. argyroneura as affected by light intensity. Temperature and RH in apartment verandas were measured in three different (2nd, 9th, and 16th) floors on three different buildings for 30 days seasonally. The light intensity, temperature, and RH were recorded outside (parking area) and inside apartment verandas for 24 hours on a selected sunny summer day (between Aug. 19 and Sept. 14, 2008). Based on the first study, we investigated effect of simulated light intensity (40, 70, 100, and $600{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) on changes in growth and development of T. asiatioum and F. verchaffeltii var. argyroneurain growth chambers. However, daily mean light intensity of 2nd, 9th, and 16th floors was different each other as it was about 40, 70, and $100{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$, respectively. In the growth chamber experiment, plant height, internode length, and leaf length and width were not affected significantly by light intensity, but changes in leaf color were apparent in the new leaves with the increasing light intensity. The results suggest that T. asiatioum could be best fit to high, and F. verchaffeltii var. argyroneura to lower floor verandas, considering their aesthetic values.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.10
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• pp.593-606
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• 2019

This study examines effective message strategies that fit with the characteristics of retargeting advertisements, based on the Construal Level Theory. First, we investigate whether the social distance that applies between interpersonal interactions can also be observable in an online environment and test the effects of social distance, depending on the type of online sites. We then examine consumers' construal level when social and temporal distances interplay, and how the effects of the messages change accordingly. As a result, social distance and message construal levels by website type were consistent with existing CLT studies. However, the hypothesis that advertising effects will be higher only when all, multidimensions' distances and construal levels of messages match, was partially supported. Also the current view, that the consumers' evaluations will show no difference to when either or both dimensions are distal, was rejected. Instead, when a discrepancy between temporal and social distance was present, the construal level of the message was more effective when congruent with the social distance out the two dimensions. Hence, it is possible to infer that the influence of psychological distance may vary depending on the dimension of distance.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.199-206
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• 2003

Characteristics of the static shift are discussed by comparing the three-dimensional MT inversion with/without static shift parameterization. The galvanic distortion by small-scale shallow feature often leads severe distortion in inverted resistivity structures. The new inversion algorithm is applied to four numerical data sets contaminated by different amount of static shift. In real field data interpretations, we generally do not have any a-priori information about how much the data contains the static shift. In this study, we developed an algorithm for finding both Lagrangian multiplier for smoothness and the trade-off parameter for static shift, simultaneously in 3-D MT inversion. Applications of this inversion routine for the numerical data sets showed quite reasonable estimation of static shift parameters without any a-priori information. The inversion scheme is successfully applied to all the four data sets, even when the static shift does not obey the Gaussian distribution. Allowing the static shift parameters have non-zero degree of freedom to the inversion, we could get more accurate block resistivities as well as static shifts in the data. When inversion does not consider the static shift as inversion parameters (conventional MT inversion), the block resistivities on the surface are modified considerably to match possible static shift. The inhomogeneous blocks on the surface can generate the static shift at low frequencies. By those mechanisms, the conventional 3-D MT inversion can reconstruct the resistivity structures to some extent in the deeper parts even when moderate static shifts are in the data. As frequency increased, however, the galvanic distortion is not frequency independent any more, and thus the conventional inversion failed to fit the apparent resistivity and phase, especially when strong static shift is added. Even in such case, however, reasonable estimation of block resistivity as well as static shift parameters were obtained by 3-D MT inversion with static shift parameterization.

• The Journal of Natural Sciences
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-101
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• 2002

Landscape civilization in Korea originated in Cochosun(Ancient Chosun) era, this again succeeding to the period of the Three States - Koguryo, Baekje and Silla. The distribution of this culture showed great progress with the association of two particular religions - Buddhism and Confucianism.. Landscape development in Korea has greatly changed during specific times of both cultural and political upheaval in various societies. Religion has had a great deal of influence on landscape development. Traditionally Korean people have had a tendency to favor more natural landscape than man-made structures in landscape : This trend was a quite different concept from that of other oriental countries, not to mention of western countries. In particular, Buddhism influenced natural landscape, far from artificial craftsmanship in landscape. Oriental garden is a typical 'tabloid edition' of natural landscape which consists lakes, islands, ponds, stone monuments, and fruit trees, quite often raising animal in parks and courtyard style house. This style of garden influenced in Chosun Dynasty landscape. Landscaping was usually for royal gardens, cemetery parks or high level of officer's residence. However, landscaping in Chosun Dynasty which had established Confucianism as a state religion gave us a specific designation. It was neither ethnic imitation of the garden style of both China and Japan : People were used to enjoy nature-friendly landscape or sink into the ecstasy of natural scenery itself. The trend that landscape or establishing garden had been aimed at royal family- or bureaucrat-centered formatives was to become an obstacle to the development of landscape techniques in Korea. An example represented in a beautiful garden with fabulous decoration which established in places. This was completely not fit for the nation's feeling.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.33-42
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• 2021

Despite the importance of science education in an informal environment, the reality is that there is a lack of trend analysis research on 'Informal Science Learning (ISL)' and its effects. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to find out the educational effects of ISL and how to use it, and to provide guidelines for future ISL research directions. This study classifies specific ISL-related papers published from 2010 to 2019 and compares them with each element of GLO used to measure the effectiveness of informal education. The fit of the analyzed data was checked for each part through SPSS and Chi-Square. In conclusion, it was found that researchers are using 'ISL' to pursue 'Knowledge and Understanding' and 'Attitudes and Values' among the five performance indicators of 'GLO'. On the other hand, 'Skills' and 'Enjoyment, Inspiration and Creativity' appear to have the least expectations, so supplementation is required in these areas in the future. In addition, this study intends to suggest a direction for informal science education-related program development and future research to various education workers.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.59-68
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• 2021

As artificial intelligence(AI) technologies, which have made rapid growth recently, began to be applied to the marine environment such as ships, there have been active researches on the application of CNN-based models specialized for digital videos. In E-Navigation service, which is combined with various technologies to detect floating objects of clash risk to reduce human errors and prevent fires inside ships, real-time processing is of huge importance. More functions added, however, mean a need for high-performance processes, which raises prices and poses a cost burden on shipowners. This study thus set out to propose a method capable of processing information at a high rate while maintaining the accuracy by applying Quantization techniques of a deep learning model. First, videos were pre-processed fit for the detection of floating matters in the sea to ensure the efficient transmission of video data to the deep learning entry. Secondly, the quantization technique, one of lightweight techniques for a deep learning model, was applied to reduce the usage rate of memory and increase the processing speed. Finally, the proposed deep learning model to which video pre-processing and quantization were applied was applied to various embedded boards to measure its accuracy and processing speed and test its performance. The proposed method was able to reduce the usage of memory capacity four times and improve the processing speed about four to five times while maintaining the old accuracy of recognition.