• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.84
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• pp.7-27
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• 2017

This study explores the possibility of maximizing locality through synergy between local terrestrial broadcasters and cable local channels. To this end, it examines the significance of the concept of locality in the changing environment represented by the 4th Industrial Revolution. It also analyzes the existing situation of broadcasting locality and the terrain of existing studies concerning cable local channels. Based on the reviews, the study searches for the connection points between local terrestrial and cable channels, which are still heterogeneous operators. The difference in the size of broadcast region and the programming time constitutes the optimum condition. As a result of this, the study discusses the issue of appropriateness and feasibility of bundling the local terrestrial and pay-TV channels in the same legal system. By doing so, it reveals the biggest obstacle in institutionalizing the cable channel into the public category is the emotional rejection towards cable TV. In order to overcome this problem, the study suggests to abolish both the current policy guideline characterized as the same service, same regulation principle and the abolition of local business right of cable TV. It also proposes to allow news commentary function of cable local channels and strengthen cable TV's own capabilities.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.382-396
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• 1999

This study was attempted to prove the effect of emotional stability and vital signs applying music therapy program to the children admitted in the PICU. Data were collected from July to September, 1997. The subjects were 30 patients admitted in the PICU of 'S' University Hospital which were divided into two groups of experimental and control. Each group had 15 subjects. Method was nonequivalent control group pretest-postteset repeated design, observing vital signs and activity of subjects prior, during, and after the music intervention. The study tools were cassette tapes of 'Mother's music whose babies want to listen' and Space-lab patient monitor. Data were analyzed using the $SPSS/PC+;x^2$ test and t-test to analyze of the general characteristics ; paired t-test to prove hypotheses. Result were as follows; 1. Infants lower than seven months showed changing into stable vital signs from applying the music therapy, however infants from eight months to three-year old showed no change in vital signs. 2. Vital signs changed to stabilized condition in infants lower than seven months were heart rate and respiration rate. 3. The stability of vital signs during music therapy turned back to the previous state while terminating music therapy. 4. The effect of music therapy in the state of activity had on both infants group of lower than seven months and from eight months to three-year old, particularly more effective in the later group. I recommend follows on the base of above results ; 1. As above results shows, listening to music is effective on infants and toddler, intervention with music therapy appropriate to chidlren's age is hot recommended. 2. Comparative study with noise blocking effect and music therapy effect within the ICU environment be recommended. 3. The repeated study on when the exact time is and how many repeat the music therapy to show the above mentioned effect be recommended. 4. We recommend this music therapy to be done in the recovery room, isolating room, operating room as well as ICU.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.23-35
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• 2001

Resident's attitude and evaluation about local or urban development policies is a major factor in the process of the regional and urban 1)tanning and its practices. Therefore there are numerous studies pointing to analysis about the evaluation of the urban development policies. The purpose of this paper is concerned on the residents'cognitions, attitudes and evaluation about of urban development policy of Sunchon City in South Korea. Research area, Suncgon city, has been served as a central place of eastern Chollanamdo since 1920 and now functions as economic and commercial leading city of Kwangyang-bay area. In addition, Sunchon city is fastly growned with the influence of national development policy including the establishment of major industrial estates and the construction of container port in Kwangyang-bay area. In the overall cognition and evaluation about the quality of life of Sunchon city, most people are satisfied with the quality of life of urban living comparing with near cities such as Kwangyang and Yosu city. In particular, the level of satisfaction about education, transportation, natural environment are relatively higher than economic condition and living facilities. Most of residents have positive attitude and evaluation about the image of future urban development, and prefer to culture and education city in urban function of Sunchon city. Therefore, in order to function as a central city of Kwangyang-bay area. Sunchon city have to adopt new urban development policy including such as reconstruction of urban spatial structure, strengthening of culture and education functions, and the related facilities, restructuring of regional industrial structure. and expansion of commercial and shopping facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.812-832
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• 2014

We analyzed physical and chemical properties of sediments from 20 subtidal points and 9 beach points to define sedimentary environment between summer and winter of Shindu Marine Protected Area. Means of particle size in summer were generally finer than winter's. There was distinctively spatial pattern that particle sizes became increasingly fine as west direction and apart from beach in summer, but this pattern was not shown in winter. Coarse sediments were prevailed in winter. To explain these patterns, we propose possible two causes which are spatially different water depth condition related with seasonal wave climate or fine sediment input from an estuary located in south of this area during summer rainy season. Contents of exchangeable cations of sediment in summer were shown $Na^+$>$Ca^{2+}$>$Mg^{2+}$>$K^+$ in order, but those of winter were shown $Na^+$>$Mg^{2+}{\fallingdotseq}Ca^{2+}$>$K^+$. Contents of $Na^+$, $Mg^{2+}$, and $K^+$ were related with contents of fine sediment and showed high correlation in each other. These relations were not shown between $Ca^{2+}$ and others. Our results show that there are spatio-temporal unique sedimentary environments between subtidal zone, beach, and dune near Shindu Marine Protected Area. Therefore, we should consider these spatio-temporal patterns for environmentally sound management of Shindu coastal system.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1562-1568
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• 2016

Monochromatic green light-emitting diodes (LED) light stimuli influences the posthatch growth performance of chicks. This study was undertaken with the following objectives: i) to examine whether the green LED light stimuli induces an overheating effect by determining weight loss rate of fertile eggs during incubation period; ii) to look for the development of eyes and other primary organs at different ages of embryos and newly hatched chicks. Arbor Acres fertile broiler eggs (n = 480) were randomly assigned to 3 incubation groups and exposed to continuous white light, green light, or a dark environment (control) from the first day to 19 d of incubation. The light sourced from LED lamps with the intensity of 30 lx at eggshell level. The results showed that either green or white light stimuli during incubation did not significantly affect the weight loss rate of fertile eggs, hatching time, hatchability, chick embryo, or body weight (BW), the weight percentage of heart, liver, and eyes, as well as obvious systematic abnormalities in eye weight, side-to-side, back-to-front, or corneal diameter from 15 d of embryogenesis to 6 d of posthatch (p>0.05). Compared with the dark condition, green light stimuli during incubation tended to increase feed intake (p = 0.080), improved the BW gain of chicks during 0 to 6 day posthatch (p<0.05), and increased the percentage of pectoral muscle to the BW on 3- and 6-day-old chicks. In addition, embryos or chicks in green light had lower weight percentage of yolk retention on 19 d of embryogenesis and 1 d of posthatch in comparison to those in dark or white group (p<0.05). These results suggest that providing 30 lx green LED light stimuli during incubation has no detrimental effect on the development of eyes, heart and liver of embryos and hatchlings, but does have potential benefits in terms of enhancement of the chick growth during the early posthatch stages. In addition, the fertile broiler eggs stimulated with 30 lx green LED light during incubation does not cause an overheating effect.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.153-166
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• 2015

Long subsea tunnel to be built below the seabed, as compared to the general railway tunnel, is subject to many restrictions in terms of spatial limitation when vertical or inclined shafts are built for the purpose of ventilation and fire safety. So, the construction of some artificial island is required to provide ventilation. But, because of construction difficulty and cost increase, it is necessary to minimize the artificial island construction. The longer ventilation distance is, the more fresh air requirement is needed. When supply airflow becomes excessive, duct size is restricted by the limitations of structure clearance and fan pressure and power increase exponentially. Therefore, in order to build a long subsea tunnel, it is necessary to overcome these practical problems and to develop technical solution that can keep the comfortable condition of tunnel environment during construction. In this study, as on ventilation method development suitable for long subsea tunnel, through comparison of temporary ventilation capacity calculation methods during construction phase, domestic and abroad, the application of Swiss SIA 196 code is found suitable for long subsea tunnel. And, through experiment on leakage of the duct connector, we confirmed that the leakage ratio per 100 m of domestic duct connection type is between 1.5~3.0%. Based on S-class duct of SIA 196 code, ventilation distance is 10.2 km, So, ventilation distance can be longer if duct connection method is improved. So, we confirmed that the improvement of leakage ratio is key issue in the construction-phase ventilation of long subsea tunnel.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.287-295
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• 2007

Background : This study investigated and analyzed the life style of male white- collar workers and their perception of obesity to determine how to improve eating habits and prevent obesity. Materials and Methods : Using the questionnaires distributed to and collected from 300 male white-collar workers in Daegu, the survey was conducted from December 20, 2005 to February 28, 2006. Two hundred sets of collected questionnaires were used for the analysis, and SPSS WIN 12.0 was employed to analyze the data. Results : Forty-two percent of subjects had weights ranging between 71 kg and 80 kg; 39.5%, weighted between 61 kg and 70 kg. The waist measurements of 64.5% of all respondents were between 32 and 34 inches. The lifestyle questions found that 54% of respondents were smokers and 88.5% drank alcohol. In addition, 62.5% of all respondents reported doing exercise, whereas 37.5% reported no exercise. Conclusion : The height and weight of 200 respondents were used to calculate the body mass index (BMI). Only 31.6% had a normal BMI, whereas 32% were found to be overweight, a condition likely to lead to obesity. Meanwhile, 36.5% of respondents were obese or morbidly obese.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.31-50
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• 2009

The demarcation of Maritime Boundary is directly related to the expansion of jurisdiction and the securing of resources. Resource diplomacies of the three countries Korea, China and Japan represent a major task for the national administrations : to secure resources as well as to stablize and sustain resources for future national economies. At the sea area around Korea as well, countries are fiercely competing to secure resources and to expand jurisdiction. This is evidenced by the fact that various principles and logics which are beneficial to each own country are presented through international precedents, agreement between countries and the theories of the international law scholars. They say that the conclusion of demarcation of maritime boundary for the Yellow Sea would be easy from the point that there is no dispute related to island dominion in the waters of the Korean Peninsula especially the Yellow Sea, but still we need to have a strategic approach to this issue from the point that the factors used for claiming maritime boundaries may expand the waters of a country over much. For example, the continental shelf boundary in consideration of the distribution of sedimentary deposits in the Yellow Sea which is being raised by China began from the hypothesis that the inflow of sedimentary deposits to the Yellow Sea through the rivers of China represents absolute majority, but the results of the latest studies raised questions on the hypothesis. Especially, the studies done by Martin and Yang revealed that the inflow of sedimentary deposits to the Yellow Sea from the Yellow River is approximately less than 1% of total sedimentary deposits in the Yellow Sea, and also the result of analysis on the causes and counter policy measures on the environment of Bohai, China supports the reliability of the results of such studies. From a legal aspect, the sedimentary deposits of rivers which are claimed by China represent extremely weak ground for the claim for the title of the continental shelf. The siltline claimed by China seems to be based on the Article 76-4-(a)(i) of UNCLOS. This is, however, not the definition on the title of the continental shelf but it is only a technical formula to utilize in a case where a country desires to expand the continental shelf to over 200 nautical miles. Scientific and Technical Guidelines of the Commission on the Limits of the Continental Shelf also confirm this point through the Article 2.1.2 of the Guideline. The only case in which sedimentary deposits of rivers were referred to as concrete demarcation of maritime boundary was in the which was concluded in 1986 between India and Myanmar at the Andaman Sea. In the said case, India acknowledged the boundary up to the isobath of 200m which Myanmar claimed based on the sedimentary deposits of the Irrawaddy River. It has limits as a case for acknowledging the sedimentary deposits, however, because in fact India's acknowledgment was made in exchange for the condition that Myanmar gave up the dominion of two islands which they had been claiming from India up until that time.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.1597-1609
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• 2004

A lot of lipreading system has been proposed to compensate the rate of speech recognition dropped in a noisy environment. Previous lipreading systems work on some specific conditions such as artificial lighting and predefined background color. In this paper, we propose a real-time lipreading system which allows the motion of a speaker and relaxes the restriction on the condition for color and lighting. The proposed system extracts face and lip region from input video sequence captured with a common PC camera and essential visual information in real-time. It recognizes utterance words by using the visual information in real-time. It uses the hue histogram model to extract face and lip region. It uses mean shift algorithm to track the face of a moving speaker. It uses PCA(Principal Component Analysis) to extract the visual information for learning and testing. Also, it uses HMM(Hidden Markov Model) as a recognition algorithm. The experimental results show that our system could get the recognition rate of 90% in case of speaker dependent lipreading and increase the rate of speech recognition up to 40～85% according to the noise level when it is combined with audio speech recognition.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.3
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• pp.299-305
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• 1995

Vegetational data from 81 quadrats of Quercus mongolica communities in Mt. Odae and Mt. Jumbong were analysed by applying two multivariate methods : two - way indicator species analysis(TWNSPAN) for classification and detrended canonical correspondence analysis(DCCA) for ordination. The dominant tree species of Quercus mongolica communities were found in the order of Quercus mongolica, Acer pseudosieboldianum. Tilia amurensis, Carpinus cordata, Acer mono, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The forest vegetation of Quercus mongolica community was classified into Quercus mongolica, Quercus mongolica - Carpinus cordata, and Quercus mongolica - Abies nephrolepis groups according to the TWNSPAN. The relationships between the distribution of dominant groups for forest vegetation and soil condition in Quercus mongolica communities were investigated by analysing elevation and soil nutrition gradients. Quercus mongolica group was distributed in the low elevation and poor nutrition area of total nitrogen, Quercus mongolica - Carpinus cordata group was distributed in the low elevation and good nutrition area of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$, while Quercus mongolica Abies nephrolepis group was distributed in the high elevation and poor nutrition area of $Mg^{{+}{+}}$ and $Ca^{{+}{+}}$. The two dominant factors influencing community distribution were elevation and total nitrogen.