• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 1992

The present study was undertaken to clarify the role of TEST-Yolk Buffer(TYB) as a factor for the improvement of human sperm fertility potential. We examined the effects of low temperature capacitation using TYB on sperm motility (%), motility pattern, normal morphology, true acrosome reaction, sperm penetration assay and human in vitro fertilization. Comparing the TYB method and swim-up method, the sperm motility(%) of selected sperm was not significantly different, but statistically significant differences were found in curvilinear velocity, linearity, lateral head displacement, normal morphology(%) and true acrosome reaction(%)(p<0.05). Results obtained from the sperm penetration assay demonstrated that the penetration index and penetration rate were increased significantly(p<0.05) when the spermatozoa were incubated in TYB, as compared with swim-up method. And fertilization of intact human oocytes was more succesful when spermatozoa were pretreated with TYB at $4^{\circ}C$ for 48 hours as compared with swim-up method. Our results show that TYB method have advantages in terms of enhancement of sperm hyperactivation, increased true acrosome reaction, increased ability to penetrate zona-free hamster ova and augmented fertilization of human oocytes, suggesting that TYB is superior in its ability to preserve sperm motility and fertilizing ability.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.221-232
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• 2012

The double-density discrete wavelet transform(DWT) is an improvement upon the critically sampled DWT with important additional properties. It employs one scaling function and two distinct wavelets, which are designed to be offset from one another by one half. And it is overcomplete by a factor of two. Also, this transformation is nearly shift-invariant. But there is room for improvement because not all of the wavelets are directional. That is, although the double-density DWT utilizes more wavelets, some lack a dominant spatial orientation, which prevents them from being able to isolate those directions. Proposed method is a DWT that combines the double-density DWT and quincunx sampling, each of which has its own characteristics and advantages. Especially, the quincunx sampling treats the different directions more homogeneously. As a result, since proposed method can generate sub-images of multiple degrees rotated versions, this method provides an improved performance in image processing fields.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.399-407
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• 2013

Organic grape was generally produced in rainshield or plastic greenhouse culture while most of fruits were produced in open field. But little attention has been given to soil properties with different culture facilities in organic grape cultivation. This study was conducted to investigate soil physico-chemical properties of organic grapes farms with different culture facilities and soil management practices. Organic fertilizer was main resource to manage soil at organic grapes farms. Organic grapes farms were applied with total amount of organic fertilizer at one time, either at basal or additional fertilization, whereas conventional grapes farms applied with split fertilization. Bulk density and penetration resistance of soil were lower at both rainshield and green manure-applied plastic greenhouse cultures than those at clean plastic greenhouse culture. Especially, in plastic greenhouse, sod culture with natural weed after green manure application was more effective than general sod culture in improving physical properties of the rhizosphere. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium tended to increase in the soils applied with green manure, and the difference of soil chemical properties were significant between rainshield and plastic greenhouse cultures. The optimum soil management was required in plastic greenhouse because pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cations reached over optimum range. Consequently, the ground cover management is the key factor to affect the chemical properties as well as soil physical properties extensively in plastic greenhouse. It is found that sod culture with natural weed after green manure application resulted in enhancement of utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium in soil in comparison with general sod culture.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.19-37
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• 2015

The purpose of this study is to confirm a structural relationship on factors affecting ratio of public transportation spending to a car-owning household's total transportation expenditure. For this purpose, informations of household's attributes and activities were gathered using the 13th Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLIPS), and information of land-use and transportation conditions on their residential locations was collected and processed. A structural equation model (SEM) on determinants affecting ratio of public transportation expenditure was constructed, based on an execution result of factor analysis using the analyzing database. The latent variables were derived as land-use/transportation characteristic, household's attribute and household's activity. In the analyzing result of the SEM, the entire latent variables were significant. And, the first two latent variables had positive influences, and the last latent variable had a negative impact. To promote public transportation use of the car-owning households, this study suggests that the policies such as enhancement of convenience in public transportation use for the household's activities and improvement of the land-use/transport conditions are required.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.147-162
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• 2017

With the advent of various services and devices in the change of IT environment, increasing the complexity of the data, and increasing scale of IT, Many organizations are experiencing the difficulty of analyzing and processing with a large amounts of data for security situations awareness. Therefore, propose the enhancement of security situational awareness through visualization in order to solve the problems of slow response and security situational awareness in organizational risk management. In this paper, we selected the evaluation factors and alternatives for effective visualization by considering user type, situational awareness step, and information visualization attributes through various studies on visualization. And established AHP layer model. Based on this, by using the AHP method for solving the problem of multi-criteria decision making, by calculating the factors for effectively visualizing and the importance of alternative by factor, try to propose a visualization method that can improve the effectiveness of the security situational awareness according to the purpose of visualization and the type of user.

• Journal of the Korea Concrete Institute
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• v.16 no.4 s.82
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• pp.501-509
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• 2004

The proposed model can predict the compressive behaviors of concrete confined with fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) jacket. To model confining concrete by FRP jackets, the hypoelasticity-based constitutive law of concrete In tri-axial stress states has been presented. The increment of strength of concrete has been determined by the failure surface of concrete in tri-axial states, and its corresponding peak strain is computed by the strain enhancement factor that is proposed in the present study, Therefore, the newly proposed model is a load-dependent confinement model of concrete wrapped by FRP jackets to compare the previous models which are load-independent confinement models. The behavior of FRP jackets has been modeled using the mechanics of orthotropic laminated composite materials in two-dimension. The developed model is implemented into the incremental analysis of compressive tests. The verification study with several different experiments shows that the model is able to adequately capture the behavior of the compression test by including better estimations of the axial responses as well as the lateral response of FRP-confined concrete cylinders.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.230-240
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• 2008

In order to synthesize polymer particle containing inorganic material, styrene and nbutylmetacrylate were copolymerized with alumina by dispersion polymerization. The ratio in weight of styrene to n-butyl methacrylate was 3:1. Poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidon) and 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) were added as stabilizer and as initiator, respectively. The change of particle size was investigated with concentration of initiator, the type of medium, the mixed solubility parameter (${\delta}_{mix}$) of medium, and coupling agent. The enhancement in concentration of initiator resulted in slight increase of particle size. The increase of polarizability in medium also yielded the increase of particle size. In case of changing the ratio of isopropanol to distilled water, we could find relationship of $[{\delta}_{mix}]^{-4.01}\;{\propto}$ particle size and $[{\delta}_{mix}]^{-0.83}\;{\propto}$ particle size distribution(PSD). The type and the concentration of coupling agent showed no effect on the particle size and PSD.

• Journal of Digital Contents Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.193-202
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• 2008

This paper is a research of job search plan of polytech college based on SEM. We did a through research of factors on the motivation of job seeking and those of job search scheme which are independent variables. We also verified the effects of factors of stable job composition, job seeking surroundings and job selection which are dependent variables. Hence we conducted a survey among polytech college students, studying relationship between factors of dependent variable and independent one. We also analyzed whether motivation of career seeking affects job search plot by utilizing SEM based on AMOS 5.0. The consequence of the research is that stable job and job selection factor were rejected, for they do not highly affect motivation of job seeking. And the factors of job seeking environment (establishment of collaboration between businesses and colleges, hands-on guidance at workplace and the guidance for enhancement of vocational capability), which are dependent variables, were chosen because they are the affirmative factors of motivation of job seeking. After all, they are the crucial factors of job search plan.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.241-249
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• 1998

Platelet-activating factor(PAF) enhanced interleukin-1(IL-1) activity by the interaction with a specific receptor in rat alveolar macrophages. In this study, we investigated the role of endogenous arachidonate metabolites and intracellular calcium mobilization in the PAF-induced IL-1 activity. Alveolar macrophages were preincubated with 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors 30 min before the addition of PAF and lipopolysaccharide(LPS). After 24h culture, IL-1 activity was measured in the supernate of sample using the thymocyte proliferation assay. Inhibition of 5-lipoxygenase by nordihydroguaiaretic acid and AA-861 completely blocked the PAF-induced enhancement of IL-1 activity with $IC_{50}\;of\;2\;{\mu}M\;and\;5\;{\mu}M$, respectively. In contrast, the inhibition of cyclooxygenase pathway by indomethacin and ibuprofen resulted in the potentiation in PAF-induced IL-1 activity with maximal effect at $1\;{\mu}M\;and\;5\;{\mu}M$, respectively. In addition, leukotriene $B_4$ and prostaglandin $E_2$ production were observed in PAF-stimulated alveolar macrophage culture. As could be expected, 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase inhibitors abolished PAF- stimulated leukotriene $B_4$ and prostaglandin $E_2$ production, respectively. The effects of PAF on intracellular calcium mobilization in alveolar macrophages were evaluated using the calcium-sensitive dye fura-2 at the single cell level. PAF at any dose between $10^{-16}\;and\;10^{-8}$ M did not increase intracellular calcium. Furthermore, there was no effective change of intracellular calcium level when PAF was added to alveolar macrophages in the presence of LPS or LPS+LTB4, and 4, 24 and 48h after treatment of these stimulants. Together, the results indicate that IL-1 activity induced by PAF is differently regulated through subsequent induction of endogenous 5-lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase pathways, but not dependent on calcium signalling pathway.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.864-875
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• 2006

The characteristics of the demographics in Korea as it gets older are the increase of Elderly Women and continuous progress in urbanization. In this study, body shapes are classified as standard, obese, and tiny according to the previous studies based on the body shape characteristics and the body measurement of the Elderly Women. Based on the classification, we developed prototype of the panty for the Elderly Women to provide basic materials for the quality enhancement of the clothing of the increasing Elderly Women. The followings are the result of the study. 1. To categorize the body shapes of the Elderly Women focusing on the lower half, we grouped the target subjects using the nested approach by the average standard deviation and the factor analysis minimal diffusion method. Accordingly, type 1 and 2 had 36 members respectively and type 3 had 43 members. In this study, two Elderly Women subjects with standard body shape falling under the type 1 were selected as the subjects. 2. In the second trial evaluation for the prototype panty for the Elderly Women 32 items for appearance test and 3 items for functional test were evaluated. The scores in leg, sideline and hip were shown high and the balance between the parts was maintained very well. In the functional test, the panty used to be too tight for the leg curve but in the second trial it was improved, too. In each item, the second trial test showed better score than the first trial test. Conclusively, the most optimal panty prototype for the Elderly Women was proposed according to the trial test result.