• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1246-1262
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• 2021

Recent studies have demonstrated the strong ability of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to significantly boost the performance in single image super-resolution (SISR). The key concern is how to efficiently recover and utilize diverse information frequencies across multiple network layers, which is crucial to satisfying super-resolution image reconstructions. Hence, previous work made great efforts to potently incorporate hierarchical frequencies through various sophisticated architectures. Nevertheless, economical SISR also requires a capable structure design to balance between restoration accuracy and computational complexity, which is still a challenge for existing techniques. In this paper, we tackle this problem by proposing a competent architecture called Enhanced U-Net Network (EUN), which can yield ready-to-use features in miscellaneous frequencies and combine them comprehensively. In particular, the proposed building block for EUN is enhanced from U-Net, which can extract abundant information via multiple skip concatenations. The network configuration allows the pipeline to propagate information from lower layers to higher ones. Meanwhile, the block itself is committed to growing quite deep in layers, which empowers different types of information to spring from a single block. Furthermore, due to its strong advantage in distilling effective information, promising results are guaranteed with comparatively fewer filters. Comprehensive experiments manifest our model can achieve favorable performance over that of state-of-the-art methods, especially in terms of computational efficiency.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.2012-2027
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• 2019

Nutritional disorders are one of the most common diseases of crops and they often result in significant loss of agricultural output. Moreover, the imbalance of nutrition element not only affects plant phenotype but also threaten to the health of consumers when the concentrations above the certain threshold. A number of disease identification systems have been proposed in recent years. Either the time consuming or accuracy is difficult to meet current production management requirements. Moreover, most of the systems are hard to be extended, only detect a few kinds of common diseases with great difference. In view of the limitation of current approaches, this paper studies the effects of different trace elements on crops and establishes identification system. Specifically, we analysis and acquire eleven types of tomato nutritional disorders images. After that, we explore training and prediction effects and significances of super resolution of identification model. Then, we use pre-trained enhanced deep super-resolution network (EDSR) model to pre-processing dataset. Finally, we design and implement of diagnosis system based on deep learning. And the final results show that the average accuracy is 81.11% and the predicted time less than 0.01 second. Compared to existing methods, our solution achieves a high accuracy with much less consuming time. At the same time, the diagnosis system has good performance in expansibility and portability.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.242-251
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• 2020

Recently, many deep convolutional neural networks for image super-resolution have been studied. Existing deep learning-based super-resolution algorithms are architecture that up-samples the resolution at the end of the network. The post-upsampling architecture has an inefficient structure at large scaling factor result of predicting a lot of information for mapping from low-resolution to high-resolution at once. In this paper, we propose a single image super-resolution using Channel Attention Residual Dense Block based on an iterative up-down sampling architecture. The proposed algorithm efficiently predicts the mapping relationship between low-resolution and high-resolution, and shows up to 0.14dB performance improvement and enhanced subjective image quality compared to the existing algorithm at large scaling factor result.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.11
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• pp.4065-4083
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• 2021

Super-resolution can improve the clarity of low-resolution (LR) images, which can increase the accuracy of high-level compute vision tasks. Portable devices have low computing power and storage performance. Large-scale neural network super-resolution methods are not suitable for portable devices. In order to save the computational cost and the number of parameters, Lightweight image processing method can improve the processing speed of portable devices. Therefore, we propose the Enhanced Information Multiple Distillation Network (EIMDN) to adapt lower delay and cost. The EIMDN takes feedback mechanism as the framework and obtains low level features through high level features. Further, we replace the feature extraction convolution operation in Information Multiple Distillation Block (IMDB), with Ghost module, and propose the Enhanced Information Multiple Distillation Block (EIMDB) to reduce the amount of calculation and the number of parameters. Finally, coordinate attention (CA) is used at the end of IMDB and EIMDB to enhance the important information extraction from Spaces and channels. Experimental results show that our proposed can achieve convergence faster with fewer parameters and computation, compared with other lightweight super-resolution methods. Under the condition of higher peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) and higher structural similarity (SSIM), the performance of network reconstruction image texture and target contour is significantly improved.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.1814-1828
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• 2021

Low-light image enhancement is a key technique to overcome the quality degradation of photos taken under scotopic vision illumination conditions. The degradation includes low brightness, low contrast, and outstanding noise, which would seriously affect the vision of the human eye recognition ability and subsequent image processing. In this paper, we propose an approach based on deep learning and Retinex theory to enhance the low-light image, which includes image decomposition, illumination prediction, image reconstruction, and image optimization. The first three parts can reconstruct the enhanced image that suffers from low-resolution. To reduce the noise of the enhanced image and improve the image quality, a super-resolution algorithm based on the Laplacian pyramid network is introduced to optimize the image. The Laplacian pyramid network can improve the resolution of the enhanced image through multiple feature extraction and deconvolution operations. Furthermore, a combination loss function is explored in the network training stage to improve the efficiency of the algorithm. Extensive experiments and comprehensive evaluations demonstrate the strength of the proposed method, the result is closer to the real-world scene in lightness, color, and details. Besides, experiments also demonstrate that the proposed method with the single low-light image can achieve the same effect as multi-exposure image fusion algorithm and no ghost is introduced.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.160-165
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• 2022

Mutual distillation is a knowledge distillation method that guides a cohort of neural networks to learn cooperatively by transferring knowledge between them, without the help of a teacher network. This paper aims to confirm whether mutual distillation is also applicable to super-resolution networks. To this regard, we conduct experiments to apply mutual distillation to the discriminators of SRGANs and analyze the effect of mutual distillation on improving SRGAN's performance. As a result of the experiment, it was confirmed that SRGANs whose discriminators shared their knowledge through mutual distillation can produce super-resolution images enhanced in both quantitative and qualitative qualities.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.8
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• pp.2068-2082
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• 2023

With the rapid development of deep learning, Depth Map Super-Resolution (DMSR) method has achieved more advanced performances. However, when the upsampling rate is very large, it is difficult to capture the structural consistency between color features and depth features by these DMSR methods. Therefore, we propose a color-image guided DMSR method based on iterative depth feature enhancement. Considering the feature difference between high-quality color features and low-quality depth features, we propose to decompose the depth features into High-Frequency (HF) and Low-Frequency (LF) components. Due to structural homogeneity of depth HF components and HF color features, only HF color features are used to enhance the depth HF features without using the LF color features. Before the HF and LF depth feature decomposition, the LF component of the previous depth decomposition and the updated HF component are combined together. After decomposing and reorganizing recursively-updated features, we combine all the depth LF features with the final updated depth HF features to obtain the enhanced-depth features. Next, the enhanced-depth features are input into the multistage depth map fusion reconstruction block, in which the cross enhancement module is introduced into the reconstruction block to fully mine the spatial correlation of depth map by interleaving various features between different convolution groups. Experimental results can show that the two objective assessments of root mean square error and mean absolute deviation of the proposed method are superior to those of many latest DMSR methods.

• KIPS Transactions on Software and Data Engineering
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• v.9 no.10
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• pp.303-308
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• 2020

The ReLU(Rectified Linear Unit) function has been dominantly used as a standard activation function in most deep artificial neural network models since it was proposed. Later, Leaky ReLU, Swish, and Mish activation functions were presented to replace ReLU, which showed improved performance over existing ReLU function in image classification task. Therefore, we recognized the need to experiment with whether performance improvements could be achieved by replacing the RELU with other activation functions in the super resolution task. In this paper, the performance was compared by changing the activation functions in EDSR model, which showed stable performance in the super resolution task. As a result, in experiments conducted with changing the activation function of EDSR, when the resolution was converted to double, the existing activation function, ReLU, showed similar or higher performance than the other activation functions used in the experiment. When the resolution was converted to four times, Leaky ReLU and Swish function showed slightly improved performance over ReLU. PSNR and SSIM, which can quantitatively evaluate the quality of images, were able to identify average performance improvements of 0.06%, 0.05% when using Leaky ReLU, and average performance improvements of 0.06% and 0.03% when using Swish. When the resolution is converted to eight times, the Mish function shows a slight average performance improvement over the ReLU. Using Mish, PSNR and SSIM were able to identify an average of 0.06% and 0.02% performance improvement over the RELU. In conclusion, Leaky ReLU and Swish showed improved performance compared to ReLU for super resolution that converts resolution four times and Mish showed improved performance compared to ReLU for super resolution that converts resolution eight times. In future study, we should conduct comparative experiments to replace activation functions with Leaky ReLU, Swish and Mish to improve performance in other super resolution models.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2020.05a
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• pp.504-507
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• 2020

ReLU(Rectified Linear Unit) 함수는 제안된 이후로 대부분의 깊은 인공신경망 모델들에서 표준 활성함수로써 지배적으로 사용되었다. 이후에 ReLU 를 대체하기 위해 Leaky ReLU, Swish, Mish 활성함수가 제시되었는데, 이들은 영상 분류 과업에서 기존 ReLU 함수 보다 향상된 성능을 보였다. 따라서 초해상화(Super Resolution) 과업에서도 ReLU 를 다른 활성함수들로 대체하여 성능 향상을 얻을 수 있는지 실험해볼 필요성을 느꼈다. 본 연구에서는 초해상화 과업에서 안정적인 성능을 보이는 EDSR(Enhanced Deep Super-Resolution Network) 모델의 활성함수들을 변경하면서 성능을 비교하였다. 결과적으로 EDSR 의 활성함수를 변경하면서 진행한 실험에서 해상도를 2 배로 변환하는 경우, 기존 활성함수인 ReLU 가 실험에 사용된 다른 활성함수들 보다 비슷하거나 높은 성능을 보였다. 하지만 해상도를 4 배로 변환하는 경우에서는 Leaky ReLU 와 Swish 함수가 기존 ReLU 함수대비 다소 향상된 성능을 보임을 확인하였다. 구체적으로 Leaky ReLU 를 사용했을 때 기존 ReLU 보다 영상의 품질을 정량적으로 평가할 수 있는 PSNR 과 SSIM 평가지표가 평균 0.06%, 0.05%, Swish 를 사용했을 때는 평균 0.06%, 0.03%의 성능 향상을 확인할 수 있었다. 4 배의 해상도를 높이는 초해상화의 경우, Leaky ReLU 와 Swish 가 ReLU 대비 향상된 성능을 보였기 때문에 향후 연구에서는 다른 초해상화 모델에서도 성능 향상을 위해 활성함수를 Leaky ReLU 나 Swish 로 대체하는 비교실험을 수행하는 것도 필요하다고 판단된다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Broadcast Engineers Conference
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• 2022.06a
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• pp.1322-1324
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• 2022

최근 딥러닝의 발전에 따라 단일 이미지 초해상도 분야에 좋은 성과를 보여주고 있다. 그러나 보다 더 높은 성능을 획득하기 위해 네트워크의 깊이 및 파라미터의 수가 크게 증가하였고, 모바일 및 엣지 디바이스에 원활하게 적용되기 위하여 딥러닝 모델 경량화의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 논문에서는 초해상도 모델 중 하나인 EDSR(Enhanced Deep Residual Network)에 대조 학습 기반 지식 전이를 적용한 경량화 기법을 제안한다. 실험 결과 제안한 지식 전이 기법이 기존의 다른 지식 증류 기법보다 향상된 성능을 보임을 확인하였다.