• Advances in Computational Design
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.155-177
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• 2019

Operation and Maintenance (O&M) phase is the main contributor to the total lifecycle cost of a building. Previous studies have described that Building Information Models (BIM), if available with detailed asset information and their properties, can enable rapid troubleshooting and execution of O&M tasks by providing the required information of the facility. Despite the potential benefits, there is still rarely BIM with Mechanical, Electrical and Plumbing (MEP) assets and properties that are available for O&M. BIM is usually not in possession for existing buildings and generating BIM manually is a time-consuming process. Hence, there is a need for an automated approach that can reconstruct the MEP systems in BIM. Previous studies investigated automatic reconstruction of BIM using architectural drawings, structural drawings, or the combination with photos. But most of the previous studies are limited to reconstruct the architectural and structural components. Note that mechanical components in the building typically require more frequent maintenance than architectural or structural components. However, the building mechanical drawings are relatively more complex due to various type of symbols that are used to represent the mechanical systems. In order to address this challenge, this paper proposed a symbol recognition framework that can automatically recognize the different type of symbols in the building mechanical drawings. This study applied vector-based computer vision techniques to recognize the symbols and their properties (e.g., location, type, etc.) in two vector-based input documents: 2D drawings and the symbol description document. The framework not only enables recognizing and locating the mechanical component of interest for BIM reconstruction purpose but opens the possibility of merging the updated information into the current BIM in the future reducing the time of repeated manual creation of BIM after every renovation project.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2010

Currently the quality of construction drawings is deteriorated due to restrictions on time costs allowed to the design phase. Moreover shop drawings are arbitrarily produced without the standard criteria, and cleared off after the completion of construction. As a result, the information of produced shop drawings is not feedback to the design phase, and the quality of the construction drawings become worse. This study proposes checklists that include information requested at construction sites and the shop drawings as well as the existing checklists for the construction drawings. The checklists integrate designer's check-items according to breakdown of drawings and contractor's check-items base don construction process. Index matrices of the integrated checklists is developed for practical application of the checklists, and validated through intensive interview with design and construction practitioners.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Industry Convergence
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.57-64
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• 2020

The construction market became generally opened to overseas and the domestic construction industry has competed with the international construction enterprise of which technical knowledge is superior. In order to compete with the international construction companies, domestic construction industry needs more continuous promotions on the research and development for improving the level of technique of the construction engineering to meet the international norm. This study aims to suggest the better standards of engineering output such as drawings and specifications to correspond the changing integration system and bidding system in preparation for growing international competition. The study starts with comparison and analyses of domestic and international methods and standards for preparing design drawings. And it continues to delve into actual drawing preparation practices, especially focusing on the ones for road and subway construction. Finally, the study presents a better way of the standardization of the main drawings such as general plan, longitudinal drawing, cross section, structural drawings and temporary structure for new bidding systems of historical cost estimation and whole specification tender and for promotion of international competitiveness.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.315-324
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• 2004

The purpose of this study is to suggest the way of automatic building code checking for architectural drawings in the web environment to enhance the utility of CALS/EC standard drawings and efficiency of construction industry business. To fulfil this aim, the authors seek to standardize the architectural drawing automatic checking system by linked drawing information to the STEP based CALS/EC standard format. Therefore, the automatic building code checking system can represent a way of utilizing the relationship between the construction CALS/EC standard drawings and the related study as well as improve the efficient of the construction work by sharing a variety of drawing information.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.122-132
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• 2003

STEP AP218 has a standard schema to represent the structural model of a midship section. While it helps to exchange ship structural models among heterogeneous automation systems, most shipyards and classification societies still exchange information using 2D paper drawings. We propose a feature parameter input method to generate a 3D STEP model of a ship structure from 2D drawings. We have analyzed the ship structure information contained in 2D drawings and have defined a data model to express the contents of the drawing. We also developed a QUI for the feature parameter input. To translate 2D information extracted from the drawing into a STEP AP2l8 model, we have developed a shape generation library, and generated the 3D ship model through this library. The generated 3D STEP model of a ship structure can be used to exchange information between design departments in a shipyard as well as between classification societies and shipyards.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.379-396
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• 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to propose a standard form of noise filter drawing, which is widely used in the field of weapon systems, to define the essential specification which is not standardized at the existing drawings and to employ the reference for manufacturing and qualification test. Methods: To do that, it identifies the improvements to analyze 19 noise filter drawings, studies the principle of noise filtering to find the essential part of the spec. and reviews the MIL-STD-220C and KS IEC 60939, which is the widely used as a formal spec. pertaining to the noise filter. Throughout the study, a standard form is developed to standardize the attenuation characteristics and find eight crucial metrics to specify the noise filter. Results: The results of this study are as follows; The standardized drawings can be used as the qualification test of the item and the manufacturing and engineering documents to make the noise filter, which are also applicable to the reference document to review KDS(Korea Defense Standard) drawings.

• Korean Journal of Computational Design and Engineering
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.417-425
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• 2016

Especially for resolving BIM data compatibility issue, as one of recently raised BIM technology issues, has also been improved by using open BIM, representatively using IFC (Industry Foundation Classes) format. As shown in many case studies, usefulness of BIM technology is increasing day by day, and the IFC-based open BIM technology is essential in recent AEC projects where the productive collaboration is of importance. One of current problems in actual projects is that there is a conflict between conventional ways and newly developed BIM ways. Using both conventional and new technologies leads construction workers to having more work loads, consequently the efficiency and productivity of on-site workers have been decreased. Thus, it is strongly necessary to facilitate 3D BIM models to extract and generate 2D precision drawings in automation, especially using open BIM technologies. Some native BIM authoring tools have limitations in there automatic generation of 2D drawings, and there is no standardized mechanism to generate 2D drawings from heterogeneous applications. For this reason, this paper aims to develop an automated stand-alone program to generate 2D drawings in automation using IFC file, totally independent from various BIM authoring tools. By using the application described in this paper, any type of general drawings such as plan, section and elevation can be extracted without additional efforts. The development approach described in this paper, based on the open BIM technologies, has a strong impact to the current process especially in the perspective of enhancing productivity when we need to find out a trade-off in-between conventional and new approaches.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute Of Construction Engineering and Management
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• autumn
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• pp.589-592
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• 2003

Our government suggested an integrated construction information classification system (CICS) for improving construction information exchange between project participants. However, because a database for integrating construction documents and drawings is insufficiently built, there are many restrictions in using CICS. Therefore, this study suggests a methodology to integrate and manage the construction documents and drawings by CICS. The methodology suggested in the study is verified to a web-based construction documents and drawings management system with integrated DB.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1989.10a
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• pp.1022-1027
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• 1989

CAD drawings contain drawing errors similar to manually produced drawings. This paper is concerned with a computer-aided drawing check system for the drawing errors. The problem treated in this paper is the checking of dimension errors, deficiency and redundancy of dimension lines in the mechanical drawings made by a CAD system. Graph theory is used for the checking of the deficient and redundant dimensions. The feasibility of this system is confirmed for the checking items.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1988.10b
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• pp.798-803
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• 1988

This paper is concerned with a computer-aided supporting system to a systematic check of mechanical drawings. The problems treated in this paper are limited to the checking of the omissions and mis-writings of dimensioning in the mechanical drawings made by a CAD system. A drawing check system has been made up on a personal computer with Basic and Pascal. The feasibility of the proposed drawing check system is confirmed for omissions and mis-writings of dimensioning in mechanical drawings.