• Journal of Arbitration Studies
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.37-73
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• 2001

I. Preface It is widely understood that the 21st century, with the development of information technology(IT) and the spread of networks, will be called a digital economy where information-driven business will be norm rather than the smokestack economy of the past. And the drastically changed world market is expected to generate even more commercial transactions across the world creating large numbers of legal disputes. Therefore, each country will attempt to develop ADR(Alternative Dispute Resolution) as an alternative to judicial proceedings in order to cope with not only the ever-increasing international commercial claims but also domestic legal disputes. Taking this reality into account, this study begins with an exploration of mediation procedure as a way of helping the court faced with its overwhelming numbers of lawsuits. And also this study makes a theoretical comparison between ADR and mediation procedure, analyzing critical factors affecting the mediation agreement. Furthermore, it is designed to find ways for disputing parties to make better use of mediation and ensure fairness to the parties involved. It tries to enhance mediators' understanding of critical factors influencing the mediation agreement and their ability to handle commercial disputes in a more efficient way. To make an empirical analysis of these factors, bibliographic research and questionnaire were used. This analysis will fill the gap between the theory and reality, and make possible the structured research on the factors. Therefore, this study sets the model by which we can evaluate how the three critical factors (parties' inclination, mediators' characteristics, institutional features) affect the parties reaching a mediation agreement. Based on this analysis, a theoretical hypothesis was built and a questionnaire was made and distributed. During the course of this work, SPSSWIN 10.0 program was applied.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.22 no.3 s.74
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• pp.41-48
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• 2004

This research develops a model of participation and scheduling choice of urban leisure activity. A nested legit model was found to be an appropriate approach. Data collected from Deagu and Pohang City were used for empirical estimation of model parameters. The empirical results confirmed several behavioral aspects associated with participation and scheduling choice of urban leisure activity. The paper presents a discussion on implications that can be inferred from the empirical results. Finally, future potential research question are also discussed.

• Fashion & Textile Research Journal
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.448-467
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• 2017

Attention to living lifestyle shops covering with the wide product range including household items, interior decoration, and bedding have recently increased since consumers have been improving their standard of living and income levels and they are getting more interested in up-to-date trends of global living lifestyles. The purpose of this study is first, to analyze the market situation of living lifestyle shops using the case study method and second, to investigate consumer's store usage behavior, product purchase motives, and attitudes to the living lifestyle shops using the empirical study method. For an empirical study, the survey was conducted with 20s to 50s female respondents who have visited living lifestyle shops and a total of 227 responses were analyzed using SPSS 18.0. The results of this study were as follows. The most frequently visit store was MUJI and most of respondents tended to visit the store once a month and their interest and purchase items were household items. Only impulsive purchase motives among other motives of living lifestyle shops, such as others-oriented, situational, and reasonable motives, significantly had a positive effect on store attitudes toward living lifestyle shops. There were differences in purchasing items at living lifestyle shops depending on marriage status and occupation. Purchase motives of living lifestyle products were statistically influenced by demographic factors such as age, marriage status and income level, however store attitudes were not. The managerial implications for living lifestyle shops are discussed limitations and areas for future research as well.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.222-230
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• 2013

The convergence progress in science technology and ensuing changes in educational environments require another huge change in education programs in the 21st century defined as a knowledge-based information society. But nowadays, prospective college students are increasingly avoiding natural science and engineering. So, educational fields in korea need suitable convergence educational programs (STEAM: science, technology, engineering, arts, mathematics) for creative competent person who is training and experiencing. In addition, environmental design fields are predicting about spread of Kinetic architecture. Therefore the aim of this study is developing convergence hand-on educational program which is incorporate robot science into environmental design for children. The program and teaching materials were developed by mapping between robot science and environmental design process leading the Design Promote Committee in KIID(Korea Institute of Interior Design) supported research teams in Hansung University. And then, For utility of the program, we had a 3 times of demonstration of empirical education. First, graduate students of design and robot major, and small group of children who are selected, at last, 63 children who are applying the program randomly. For more high quality program, we were conducting survey of post-empirical education evaluation for children and their parents. In conclusion, we found out highly satisfaction of the program those two groups. Also they need more organized places, time, task and so on. And the convergence educational program would develop by systematic approach and empirical research. At last, various and series convergence programs and teaching materials would develop creative competency based for regular and irregular courses of whole educational period.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.5-17
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• 2017

This study extends research into whether disclosure of corporate and financial information is associated with firms' costs of equity capital. This study sets out to examine empirically the determinants of corporate disclosure in the annual reports of 37 largest and most liquid firms listed on Kazakhstan Stock Exchange (KASE) in Kazakhstan. It also reports the results of the association between company-specific characteristics and disclosure of the sample companies. Based on the analysis of existing empirical research, the disclosure index has been constructed and regression analysis of the influence of the disclosure index on the cost of equity capital has been conducted. The obtained results show that the received findings correlate with foreign empirical studies, and the disclosure index in this sample has a negative impact on the cost of equity capital. Using cost of equity capital estimates derived from capital asset pricing model, we find that firms with higher levels of financial transparency are associated with significantly lower costs of equity capital. Economic theory assumes that by increasing the level of corporate reporting, firms not only increase their stock market liquidity, but also decrease the investors' estimation risk, arising from uncertainty about future returns and payout distributions. The results show that firms on the Kazakhstan market can reduce their cost of equity capital by increasing the level of their voluntary corporate disclosures.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2000.10a
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• pp.395-395
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• 2000

Optimization of existing processes becomes more important than the past as environmental problems and concerns about energy savings stand out. When we can model a process mathematically, we can easily optimize it by using the model as constraints. However, modeling is very difficult for most chemical processes as they include numerous units together with their correlation and we can hardly obtain parameters. Therefore, optimization that is based on the process models is, in turn, hard to perform. Especially, f3r unknown processes, such as bioprocess or microelectronics materials process, optimization using mathematical model (first principle model) is nearly impossible, as we cannot understand the inside mechanism. Consequently, we propose a few optimization method using empirical model evolutionarily instead of mathematical model. In this method, firstly, designing experiments is executed fur removing unecessary experiments. D-optimal DOE is the most developed one among DOEs. It calculates design points so as to minimize the parameters variances of empirical model. Experiments must be performed in order to see the causation between input variables and output variables as only correlation structure can be detected in historical data. And then, using data generated by experiments, empirical model, i.e. response surface is built by PLS or MLR. Now, as process model is constructed, it is used as objective function for optimization. As the optimum point is a local one. above procedures are repeated while moving to a new experiment region fur finding the global optimum point. As a result of application to the pulp digester benchmark model, kappa number that is an indication fur impurity contents decreased to very low value, 3.0394 from 29.7091. From the result, we can see that the proposed methodology has sufficient good performance fur optimization, and is also applicable to real processes.

• Proceedings of the Technology Innovation Conference
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• 1992.12a
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• pp.119-155
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• 1992

Traditionally, the target of manufaturing technology strategy was derived in a efficiency, cost and productivity. So most activities of the manufacturing brought focus into the engineering technology, equipments and research and improvement of new products to maximize the efficiency. As a resell of this legacy, most of the activities of manufacturing has been executed on the method of quality improvement, development of new equipment to incense the efficiency and the research of materials for new products. Those trends, however overlook the operation management activities which is very important as a assets in competitive strategy. But the market enviornment of morden manufacturing companies faced to the uncertainty and complexity. So they need capability of competition which requires new concept of manufacturing technology strategy to grasp the competitive advantages. In this point of view, this paper deal with the empirical study in korean manufacturing technology strategy of the electic and electronic industry. For the empirical study, check list was made to survey the 98 manufacturing companies. The analysis procedures are as below. First, identify the manufacturing technology group an product structure group by each variable. Second manufacturing technology variables are segmented into product technology and vertical integration, suborder and infrastructure, to analyse the decision making pattern which derive the strategy groups. Third, by the fitness analysis between product structure group and manufacturing technology group, the economic results of a growth rate of sale and a profit rate of sale are tested. In this approach, fitness analysis between product structure group and manufacturing technology group show, as a whole, the no significant values in economic results of the company. But investigating the statistical values shows the trend that econmic result of the complany is somewhat higher when the degree of fitness of manufacturing technology strategy by product structure has high value. Concluding the remarks, the competitive advantages of company lies not in the efficiency of manufacturing systems but in the way of the structure and decision making pattern of the manufacturing system. And the cons i stoney between strategy target and manufacturing technology strategy, and the consistency of manufacturing technology strategy and product structure are the term of competitive advantages.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.103-114
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• 2012

The study is analyzed that policy support impact on youth entrepreneurship and to purpose enhancing the effectiveness of the policy support, would like to empirical study on support performance by start-up support program through education level of the founder, performance of the establishment enterprises and an empirical study of start-up support. This study reported that start-up support should be different from impact of performance of support by young founder to participate in the success of entrepreneurship incubator package or preliminary young founders and is focused on study of policy support. Examines the literature of associated young founder's characteristics and entrepreneurship support policies at domestic and foreign, and the government's support policies in order to achieve the purpose of this study, survey research as the basis of the model was set. This study surveyed to university student which were trained nationwide entrepreneurship program in order to validate the research model. The survey targeted engineering students who is practical technology foundation possible during from June 1, 2012 to June. 15, 2012, the way of data collection was directly surveryed to engineering students who participated in the entrepreneurship program. and an empirical analysis were collected each 157 call.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.125-137
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• 2014

In this study, that the Kraven(II) empirical formula, the existing method to estimate the time of concentration in river basin, does not reflect the characteristics of relevant basin as it presents 3 stream velocities by section of slope was verified, and the time of concentration for the actual average stream velocity considering the characteristics of the basin was compared and analyzed by applying the continuous Kraven empirical formula, which was suggested recently by 'Design Flood Estimation Guide Line, 2012, Ministry of Land, Transport and Maritime Affairs' complementing the stream velocities for the easy slope and the steep slope, to the Donghwa-Cheon, the medium size river and the modality of changes in hydrograph was examined, For the Maeho-Cheon, Wuksu-Cheon and Geumpo-Cheon, the flood runoff simulation results according to the time of concentration application empirical formula considering the characteristics of relevant basin were compared and analyzed and following conclusions were able to obtain.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.727-754
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• 2007

The purpose of this empirical study is to investigate the impact of the performance of ITBI's tenant. The study also aims to find out the relation between tenant's output and variables such as service usage, service quality, customer satisfaction. To achieve this aim, we carried out both a review of the literature and an empirical research. To verify the relation of each variable, structural equation model analysis using AMOS4.0 is performed. The results are as follows. First, service usage of ITBI's have significant positive effects on customer satisfaction of business incubation center. On the other hand, service quality of ITBI's doesn't have direct effects on customer satisfaction of business incubation center. Second, customer satisfaction of business incubation center have significant positive effects on technology development. Third, managerial improvement of tenant have significant positive effects on the total sales. On the other hand, technology development doesn't have direct effects on the total sales. According to those results, the business incubation center should improve the service quality and customer satisfaction. Also, the center make every effort to connect the perforated line in structural equation model. The implications of these findings and possibilities of further research are discussed.