• 한국지능시스템학회논문지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.304-309
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• 2000

인간의 뇌 정보처리를 이해하기 위한 일환으로서, 많은 연구자들이 사람의 두피에서 자발적으로 발생하는 전기 활동인 뇌파(EEG)를 분석하였다. 측정된 뇌파는 잠음처럼 보이는 비선형적인 거동으로 인하여 단순한 관찰만으로 그 특징을 분석하기가 매우 어렵다. 따라서 이러한 뇌파를 분석하고 이해하기 위한 방법으로 파워스펙트럼, 바이스펙트럼 등과 같은 스펙트럼 분석과 상관차원, 프랙탈 차원과 같은 비선형 카오스 분석 등과 같은 해석법들이 활발히 연구되어왔다. 본 논문에서는 이러한 기존의 방법 외에 두 신호사이의 통계적 의존성을 측정하는 양인 상호정보를 이용하여 뇌파의 특징을 분석하였다. 뇌파간의 상호정보 분석을 통해 두뇌에서의 정보의 흐름에 관한 특징을 알아보았고, 감선자극에 반응하는 두뇌의 활동영역을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.94-102
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• 2018

It is known that gamma-band activity (GBA) and phase synchrony (GBPS) are induced by emotional visual stimuli. However, the characteristics of GBA and GBPS according to different emotional states have not been identified. The purpose of this study is to investigate the changes in gamma-band neuronal synchronization induced by positive and negative emotional visual stimuli using electroencephalograms (EEGs). Thirteen healthy male subjects have participated in the experiment. The induced spectral power in gamma-band was the highest for negative stimuli, and the lowest for neutral stimuli in 300-2,000 ms after the stimulus onset. The inter-regional phase synchronization in gamma-band was increased in 500-2,000 ms, mainly between the bilateral frontal regions and the parieto-occipital regions. Larger number of significant connections were found by negative stimuli compared to positive ones. Judging from temporal and spatial characteristics of the gamma-band activity and phase synchrony increases, the results may imply that affective visual stimuli cause stronger memory encoding than non-emotional stimuli, and this effect is more significant for negative emotional stimuli than positive ones.

• 감성과학
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.29-43
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• 2003

본 연구에서는 남성과 여성에 있어서 정서적 자극에 대한 기억이 다른지를 알아보고자 하였다. 또한 제시되는 자극의 기억을 측정할 것이라는 기억지시문을 주고, 또한 자극제시 후 곧바로 자유회상의 방법으로 기억을 측정함으로써 정서적 자극으로 유발된 정서의 표현을 조절할 필요성을 가능한 최소화시켰다. 그리고 남성과 여성의 정서적 자극과 중성적 자극에 대한 기억을 측정함으로써 선행사건초점 정서조절 과정에 의해 남성들의 정서적 자극에 대한 기억이 손상됨을 밝히고자 하였다. 전체적으로 여성들이 남성들보다 제시된 자극에 대하여 더 많이 기억하고 있었으며, 특히 중성적 자극보다 정서적 자극에 대해 남성들보다 더 많은 내용을 회상하였다. 회상내용을 중심적 요소에 대한 기억과 지엽적 요소에 대한 기억으로 나누어 남녀 차이를 분석해본 결과, 여성들은 정서적 자극의 중심적 요소에 대하여 중성적 자극보다 더 많이 기억하였으나 남성들은 정서적 자극과 중성적 자극에 대한 중심적 요소에 대한 기억차이가 나타나지 않았다.

• 감성과학
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.593-604
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• 2011

본 연구는 새롭게 조명되고 있는 실내 벽면녹화 공간화의 영역확대와 복합적이고 다 학문적 관점으로써 관람자 선호요인을 파악하여 실내 공간디자인에 관련한 다양한 정보를 구축하고자 하는 시도이다. 실내 벽면녹화의 사례를 자극물로 선정하여 관람자 선호시점에 대한 요인의 상호 상관 관계성을 구체적이고 개별적 특성으로 추출해냄으로써 폭 넓게 확산되고 있는 실내 벽면녹화 공간영역의 적용 가능성을 제안하였다. 요인분석 결과 관람자들은 자극물에 대해 '쾌적한, 멋진, 풍요로운'의 3가지 차원으로 구분하여 인지하고, 선호도와 상관관계가 높은 형용사 이미지 언어는 '시원한, 깔끔한, 자연스러운, 편안한, 아름다운' 이다. 자극물에 대한 선호디자인 요소의 공통되는 중요도는 색채>구성요소>이미지 형태 식물특성 순으로 나타났으며, 구체적인 디자인 수준별 요소는 대비조>가구>모던 중심형 넝쿨성 관엽식물 순으로 선호되는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 본 연구는 실내 벽면녹화디자인의 정량적 측정에 관련한 프로세스를 제안함으로써 새로운 디자인방향제시의 기회를 갖는데 의의를 두고 있으며, 신뢰도를 높이기 위한 지속적인 검증 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• 재활복지공학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 삼림욕을 즐기는 것과 같은 편안한 상태의 휴식을 유도하기 위하여 편백나무를 이용하여 힐링 침대 시스템과 색체자극을 위한 LED 감성 모듈을 개발하였고, 8가지 조명과 3가지 색온도의 색체 자극에 따른 휴식이 스트레스 완화에 미치는 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 피험자는 건강한 20대 성인 남여 7명(age $23.3{\pm}0.7yr$; height $165{\pm};10cm$ body mass $59{\pm}10kg$)을 대상으로 하였으며, 8가지 색상(red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet, white)과 3가지 색온도(3,000K, 5,000K, 8,000K)에 따른 휴식 시 심박변이도, 피험자의 주관적 인지평가를 진행하였다. 그 결과, 심박변이도의 경우 한색계열인 green, blue, indigo의 조명과 3000K의 낮은 온도 조명이 부교감신경을 활성화시켜 심리적으로 안정되는 결과를 얻었으며, 피험자가 주관적으로 느끼는 인지시간의 결과 동일 시간을 자극받았을 지라도 green 색상과 3,000K 온도 자극 시 인지 시간이 가장 느렸으며, 감성어휘 평가에서는 orange 색상과 3,000K온도에서 가장 높은 점수를 얻었다. 따라서, 본 연구 결과 3,000K의 낮은 온도자극과 green 색상 자극 시 심리정 안정이 가장 높은 결과를 얻었으며, 추후 연구에서는 작업 환경에 따른 조명 자극 시 피로도 회복과 뇌파 변화를 비교 분석 할 것이다.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.427-435
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to investigate facial temperature changes induced by facial expression and emotional state in order to recognize a persons emotion using facial thermal images. Background: Facial thermal images have two advantages compared to visual images. Firstly, facial temperature measured by thermal camera does not depend on skin color, darkness, and lighting condition. Secondly, facial thermal images are changed not only by facial expression but also emotional state. To our knowledge, there is no study to concurrently investigate these two sources of facial temperature changes. Method: 231 students participated in the experiment. Four kinds of stimuli inducing anger, fear, boredom, and neutral were presented to participants and the facial temperatures were measured by an infrared camera. Each stimulus consisted of baseline and emotion period. Baseline period lasted during 1min and emotion period 1~3min. In the data analysis, the temperature differences between the baseline and emotion state were analyzed. Eyes, mouth, and glabella were selected for facial expression features, and forehead, nose, cheeks were selected for emotional state features. Results: The temperatures of eyes, mouth, glanella, forehead, and nose area were significantly decreased during the emotional experience and the changes were significantly different by the kind of emotion. The result of linear discriminant analysis for emotion recognition showed that the correct classification percentage in four emotions was 62.7% when using both facial expression features and emotional state features. The accuracy was slightly but significantly decreased at 56.7% when using only facial expression features, and the accuracy was 40.2% when using only emotional state features. Conclusion: Facial expression features are essential in emotion recognition, but emotion state features are also important to classify the emotion. Application: The results of this study can be applied to human-computer interaction system in the work places or the automobiles.

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2008

I Previous scrolling-shooter games cannot represent various emotions of characters as a personality and situations, so it can only represent simple and momentary emotions. This paper purpose to develop and applying an artificial emotion which gives emotional responses and actions to character as a personality and situations of a character. So we proposed an artificial emotion that receives emotional stimulus, analyzes what emotion will be generated, controls various emotions by a personality and time, and exports a current emotion. To visualize and to test an artificial emotion, We made a scrolling shooter game which has two characters who have a different personality each other. And we applied an artificial emotion to that game, modified it to be able to change status as emotions. To estimate a satisfaction of a artificial emotion for a scrolling-shooter game, we made up a question to two groups-one has people who likes a scrolling shooter game, the other has people who doesn't.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.139-156
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• 2016

This study uses S-O-R framework to examine the relationships among consumers' perception of economic benefits, usefulness, privacy risks, switching cost, and emotions and continued intention usage. Results from an online survey of 324 qualified respondents were analyzed using the structural equation model. The results of the survey showed that first, perceived economic benefits and perceived usefulness has a positively effect on consumers' positive emotions. Second, perceived privacy risks have a negative effect on consumers' positive emotions. Third, perceived usefulness has a negative effect on consumers' negative emotions. Fourth, perceived switching cost has a positive effect on consumers' negative emotions. Fifth, consumers' positive and negative emotions have an effect on continuous usage intention. Sixth, consumers' positive and negative emotions have a mediating effect. The S-O-R model can explain consumer's continued intention to use mobile payment services. The study analyzed the emotional elements of mobile payment services. Emotional elements through mobile payment services can be applied to other financial services. Therefore, this study can guide emotional related practices with various future consumer electronic services.

• 대한의용생체공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한의용생체공학회 1997년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.176-178
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• 1997

We are exposed to the various types of external stimuli, and many researches have been conducted to analyze the emotional changes to the stimuli quantitatively. In this paper, changes of human emotion was studied by analyzing HRV from ECG signals which were varied by the auditory stimulus. Power contents for each frequency bands were calculated from HRV waveforms. Two peak values representing autonomic nervous system status, HF and LF, were used to extract the parameters. An analysis on the normalized HF/LF to the subjective rating of the subject were performed. It was assumed that the positive emotional changes evoked by the auditory stimuli, the HF values representing activation of the parasympathetic nervous system, are increased much higher than the LF values, activation of the sympathetic nervous system. Results showed that the parasympathetic nervous system works more actively than the sympathetic nervous system to the stimuli which cause the positive emotional changes.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.7-18
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• 1996

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of placebo(emotional stimulus) on physical fitness and psychological wellbeing. The subjects for the study were devided into two groups. One experimental group received placebo and the other control group did not receive. Each group was composed of 15 women. The subjects continued aerobic exercise for an hour each time, three times a week, for eight weeks. The enhancement of physical fitness has been evaluated by body weight, BP, pulse rate, skinfold thickness, circumference of waist and hip, body fat, % body fat, lean body mass, % lean body mass they were measured three times every 4 weeks. Also to evaluate the enhancement of psychological wellbeing, the self-esteem and self-perception were measured. The results can be summarized as follows : 1. The % body fat of experimental group decreased significantly than that of control group(p<0.1). 2. The % lean body mass of experimental group decreased significantly than that of control group(p<0.1). 3. There was no significant difference of other physical fitness factors between experimental group and control group. 4. There was no significant difference of self-esteem between experimental group and control group. 5. There was no significant difference of self-perception between experimental group and control group. From these results, it may be concluded that placebo(emotional stimulus) which received during aerobic exercise period is partially effective in the enhancement of the physical fitness.