• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.441-446
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• 2018

Background: The emotional labor performed by organization members affects psychological well-being at the individual level, which consequently affects results at the organizational level. Moreover, despite evidence that the customer orientation and service level of nurses greatly affect hospital management, studies that comprehensively analyze emotional labor, work burnout, and work engagement related to customer orientation and service level are lacking. This study investigated relationships and paths by designing a model of the effect of emotional labor performed by nurses on the level of service delivery and customer orientation. Methods: This survey-based study was based on a path analysis designed to verify a hypothesized model involving emotional labor performed by nurses, level of service delivery, customer orientation, work engagement, and burnout. Questionnaires were distributed to 378 nurses in general hospitals with more than 500 beds located in Seoul, Republic of Korea, between March 25 and April 8, 2013. Results: The results showed that deep acting and work engagement had direct and indirect effects on increasing the level of service delivery and customer orientation of nurses. However, surface acting had an indirect effect on reducing the level of service delivery and customer orientation. Conclusion: It would be more effective to develop interventions to enhance deep acting and work engagement than to attempt to reduce surface acting and work burnout in clinical nursing settings.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.356-370
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: School food service has played an important role in promoting the health and physical condition of students by providing students with a balanced and nutritious diet. Therefore, boosting the quality of school food service and improving the students' satisfaction is critical. For this purpose, this study examined the structural causal relationship among the quality of school food service factors, emotional responses, and satisfaction in China. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study was conducted with 4th-6th-grade students from 6 junior high schools in Henan province of China, with 590 questionnaire responses (87.3%) collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS: The school food service quality factors (including menu management, dietary education, facilities management, price and food distribution management, and personal hygiene during meals) must be enhanced to boost the students' satisfaction. In addition, the study used questionnaire survey data to validate the full mediation of students' emotional responses between school food service quality factors and student satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS: Students' emotions also play an important role in influencing the quality of school food service, all of which affect the emotional responses of students. Therefore, students' positive emotions are an important indicator for improving the quality of school food service. A national support policy is necessary for the ongoing maintenance and development of various programs that drive students' satisfaction and promote the adoption of education guidelines for school food service in China.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.27-35
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• 2011

Various thoughts about the concept of space have brought a variety of paradigms to the trend. Just as existing information innovation applied activity and function of physical space for computers to overcome time and space limits, future space transplants intelligence to all the objects as organic whole in electronic and physical space by using IT technology to create emotional space. The most universal housing space in our living has had considerable changes in application of life style and technology. However, advanced technology space which corresponds to acceptance and desires of residents does not meet the needs and emotion of residents because of its limited network system. Therefore, it should be transformed into smart space which stimulates human emotion in the trend of advanced technology culture. As future residential space needs technological elements and design process which can stimulate human emotion, this study is to analyse it as a base of emotional design. This study aims to present characteristics of space image for space realization which meets the age of smart technology in terms of unifying smart space with emotional design, focusing on four future housing galleries shown by construction companies. First, the study speculated smart space in theory and classified characteristics and types of smart space into connectivity, sensitivity, reiteration and variability according to changes in space paradigm. Second, the study identified the background and main points emotional design appeared, analysed types of smart space based on characteristics of experimentation, connectivity and symbolism and speculated characteristics of emotional design in each type. In respect to characteristics of emotional design in smart space, organic connection and sensitivity are remarkably presented through experimentation and reiteration is presented through organic connection and experimentation, and variability through symbolism and experimentation.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.77-85
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• 2010

This paper proposes an efficient feature vector processing technique to guard the Speech Emotion Recognition (SER) system against a variety of noises. In the proposed approach, emotional feature vectors are extracted from speech processed by comb filtering. Then, these extracts are used in a robust model construction based on feature vector classification. We modify conventional comb filtering by using speech presence probability to minimize drawbacks due to incorrect pitch estimation under background noise conditions. The modified comb filtering can correctly enhance the harmonics, which is an important factor used in SER. Feature vector classification technique categorizes feature vectors into either discriminative vectors or non-discriminative vectors based on a log-likelihood criterion. This method can successfully select the discriminative vectors while preserving correct emotional characteristics. Thus, robust emotion models can be constructed by only using such discriminative vectors. On SER experiment using an emotional speech corpus contaminated by various noises, our approach exhibited superior performance to the baseline system.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 1999

The differentiation of emotions by means of psychophysiological measures has been only moderately successful so far. A major reason for this dilemma may be the lack of appropriate neurophysiological modeling for the various autonomic nervous system based measures being used in emotion research. The aim of the present article is to provide such a neurophysiological background for electrodermal activity which has been frequently used as an indicator of emotional processes. First, the literature is reviewd with respect to the usability of electrodermal measures as an indicators of emotion. second, the neurophysilogical sources of electrodermal phenomena in general are described. Electrodermal activity has different origins in the central nervous system, a limbic-hypothalamic source that dominates during negative emotions as opposed to a premotor and basal ganglia source being predominantly active during positive emotions. Panksepp's model of four basic emotive systems is adopted for demonstrating subcortical structures and pathways possibly involved in the elicitation of both kinds of electrodermal activity in comparison with cardiovascular in dicators of emotional processes.

• Korean Journal of Child Education & Care
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.21-34
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of maternal parenting efficacy and emotional expression on infant's social emotional development. Methods: The subjects of this study were 269 infants and their mothers who attended day care centers in G district of S city and the data was collected by survey. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis, t-test and ANONA test using SPSS 16.0 program, $Scheff{\acute{e}}$ test by post test, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis. Results: First, parenting efficacy, emotional expressiveness, and social emotional development of infants showed differences according to age, participation time, and academic background. Parenting efficacy showed a significant difference in age and parenting time, and emotional expressiveness showed significant difference in education and parenting time. Infant's social emotional development showed a significant difference in educational attainment and parenting time. Second, maternal parenting efficacy and emotional expressiveness were found to have an influence on infant's social emotional development. Conclusion/Implications: Maternal parenting efficacy and emotional expressiveness seem to influence the development of social emotions in infants, and these results suggest that, in order to grow the children healthy in social, emotional aspect, various education programs which could improve parenting efficacy and positive emotional expression are necessary.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.323-335
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• 2014

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between personality and psychological responses induced by emotional stimuli (happiness, sadness, anger, boring and stress) for children. Background: Many researches are interested in assertion that there is close correlation between personality and emotion. The relationship between personality and emotion needs to be studied in view of the extended integration, not in view of respective property, because personality is deeply ingrained, and the relatively enduring patterns of thought, feeling and behavior and emotion can take advantage of individual differences in sensitivities to situational cues and predispositions to emotional state. In particular, studies on the personality and emotion for children are necessary in that childhood is an important period for formation of their personality and emotion expression and regulation. Method: Prior to the experiment, we made parents of 94 children rate personalities of their children, based on Korean Personality Inventory for Children (K-PIC). Results of 64 children without missing answers to all questions were analyzed. 64 children were exposed to five emotional stimuli and were asked to report the classification and intensity of their experienced emotion. Results: Children were classified into two groups of the lower 25% and higher 25% scores in twenty sub-scales of K-PIC, and psychological responses to five emotional stimuli between two groups were compared. Accuracy of emotion experienced by emotional stimuli showed a significant difference between the two groups, the lower and higher scores in Hyperactivity and Adjustment. Also, there was a significant difference in the intensity of experienced emotions between the two groups in Intellectual Screening and Psychosis. Conclusion: Our result has shown that hyperactivity, adjustment, intellectual screening and psychosis influence the accuracy and intensity of emotional responses. Application: This study can offer a guideline to overcome methodological limitation of emotion studies for children and help researcher basically understand and recognize human emotion in HCI.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.427-435
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• 2012

The aim of this study is to investigate facial temperature changes induced by facial expression and emotional state in order to recognize a persons emotion using facial thermal images. Background: Facial thermal images have two advantages compared to visual images. Firstly, facial temperature measured by thermal camera does not depend on skin color, darkness, and lighting condition. Secondly, facial thermal images are changed not only by facial expression but also emotional state. To our knowledge, there is no study to concurrently investigate these two sources of facial temperature changes. Method: 231 students participated in the experiment. Four kinds of stimuli inducing anger, fear, boredom, and neutral were presented to participants and the facial temperatures were measured by an infrared camera. Each stimulus consisted of baseline and emotion period. Baseline period lasted during 1min and emotion period 1~3min. In the data analysis, the temperature differences between the baseline and emotion state were analyzed. Eyes, mouth, and glabella were selected for facial expression features, and forehead, nose, cheeks were selected for emotional state features. Results: The temperatures of eyes, mouth, glanella, forehead, and nose area were significantly decreased during the emotional experience and the changes were significantly different by the kind of emotion. The result of linear discriminant analysis for emotion recognition showed that the correct classification percentage in four emotions was 62.7% when using both facial expression features and emotional state features. The accuracy was slightly but significantly decreased at 56.7% when using only facial expression features, and the accuracy was 40.2% when using only emotional state features. Conclusion: Facial expression features are essential in emotion recognition, but emotion state features are also important to classify the emotion. Application: The results of this study can be applied to human-computer interaction system in the work places or the automobiles.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.05a
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• pp.291-292
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to examine the sensitivity of the audience to the background of the building where Chinese historical film 'Hero' is used. In this study, the sensitive vocabulary suitable for the building background was derived through previous research related to sensitivity, and the sensitive analysis was analyzed by questionnaire form. Research result shows that the building background of the movie can have an sensitive impact on the audience and will help to understand Chinese traditional style and culture.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.124-125
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to explore the sensibilities of audiences about the buildings and backgrounds in the movie with Harry Potter, a magic movie. For this purpose, the sensibility vocabulary suitable for the background of the movie was derived. I expect that the building background of the movie will have an sensibility impact on the audience and I hope that it will help to understand the Western classical Gothic style and culture in an emotional aspect.