• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.523-528
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• 2013

In recent years, many efforts are increasingly being made to conserve the natural environment with enhanced emission standards and air quality standards. Also there are various methods necessary to be researched to minimize the emission of air pollutants. In particular, boilers of industrial facilities are major portions of the air pollution. The front duct which needs to be designed to reduce the gases to the electrostatic precipitator requires a bent tube, a reduction/extend tube and an auxiliary equipment, that is, a guide vane. This paper proposes an optimum design of the guide vane by a case study for electrostatic precipitator's flow uniformity. The operating conditions of this study are as follows: BMCR (Boiler Maximum Continuous Rate) and MGR (Maximum Guaranteed Rate) are 75%, 50%, and 30%; turbulent fluid dynamics model is based upon K-${\varepsilon}$ formulation. Presentation of the computed motion of particles is found to be quite useful to predict the precipitator performance by use CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics).

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.33-36
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• 2017

China is suffering from severe air pollution especially fine $PM_{2.5}$ pollution. In 2015, the annual average $PM_{2.5}$ concentration of the 338 municipal cities was $50{\mu}g/m^3$, 78% cities at or above the prefectural level failed to comply with the $PM_{2.5}$ concentration standards. The $13^{th}$ Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development set the goal that the annual average concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ in the municipal cities which failed to attain the ambient air quality standards shall be decreased by 18% by 2020 (CCCPC, 2016). In this study, an air pollution control scenario during the $13^{th}$ Five-Year Plan period was proposed and the $SO_2$, $NO_x$ and PM emission reductions in response to different measures in 31 provincial-level regions mainland China by 2020 were estimated. The air quality in the target year (2020) was simulated using the WRF-CMAQ model. The results showed that by 2020, the emissions of $SO_2$, $NO_x$ and primary PM in mainland China will be reduced by 4.19 million tons, 3.94 million tons and 4.41 million tons, a drop of 23%, 21% and 25% respectively compared with that in 2015, and the annual average concentration of $PM_{2.5}$ will decrease by 19%. Coal-fired power plant contributes the most pollutant emission reduction.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.527-530
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• 2006

Because price of fossil fuel rises, necessity about alternative energy was risen. Studied co-combustion of RPF to coal fluid bed boiler by necessity of these althernative energy. Purpose of this study to coal fluid bed bioler RPF when did co-combustion, change operating condition and characteristic of air pollutant examine according to change of fuel characteristic, operating condition examined about combustion chamber temperature, oxygen content etc. and air pollutant examined about material that is included to allowable exhaust standard and dioxin. Co-combustion condition was 5%. It was no peculiar under test result operating condition. Concentration of Co and HCl rose according as do RPF co-combustion and the other pollutants had hardly changed. Dioxin is low concentration level more than $0.1ng-TEQ/Sm^3$. There was no pollutant that exceed akllowable exhaust standard for boiler but $SO_x,\;NO_x$ were exceeded about allowable exhaust standard for incinerating facility.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.30-37
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to measure and evaluate the concentration, size distribution and fugitive emission of particulate matter from process operations at foundries. Methods: Particle matter was collected from three foundries, and samples were also collected from a background site for calculating the fugitive emission concentration of the foundries. For the collection of the samples, a Nanosampler cascade impactor was used. Results: The concentration of TSP in the samples collected from the three foundries was $0.675{\sim}1.222mg/m^3$, $PM_{10}$ was $0.525{\sim}1.018mg/m^3$ and $PM_{2.5}$ was $0.192{\sim}0.615mg/m^3$. The mass size distribution was bimodal or monomodal with maximum peak at two stage(size $2.5{\sim}10{\mu}m$). The mass median aerodynamic diameter(MMAD) was $1.80{\sim}3.98{\mu}m$. The fugitive emission concentration of TSP varies in the range of 0.65 to $1.21mg/m^3$, which exceeds the emission standard of fugitive dust($0.5mg/m^3$). Conclusions: Particle concentration and size is an important industrial hygiene factor to protect foundry workers. Furthermore, the presence of high emission of particulate pollutants has a significant negative impact on the ambient air of the study area. Therefore, it is important to improve both the process and prevention facility in oder to reduce particulate pollutants in foundries.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.19-25
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• 1992

The study was carried out to investigate the correlation between the heavy metals emitted by the motor vehicles with the heavy traffic road side environment (soil, leave, bark, ambient air). The Pb, Cu, Zn contents in road side soil sand leaves, barks from Ginkgo, biloba and ambient air adjacent to the heavy traffic road side from June to August, 1992 Suwon city were analyzed by Atomic absorption spectrometry and Inductively coupled plasma emission spectrophotometry. The results were as follows: 1) The high levels of heavy metals concentration were Pb, at city-terminal in soil (186 $\mu$g/g), Cu, at city-terminal in soil (221 $\mu$g/g), Zn, at city-terminal in ambient air (252 $\mu$g/m$^{3}$). 2) The low leves of heavy metals concentration were Pb, at North-gate in ambient air (1.65$\mu$g/m$^{3}$), Cu, at North-gate in ambient air (4 $\mu$g/m$^{3}$), Zn, at North-gate in ambient air (15.31$\mu$g/m$^{3}$). 3) The regional distribution of Pb, Cu, Zn in road side soils, leaves and barks from Ginkgo, biloba, ambient air show high levels in turn, city4erminal, Guan Sean Dong, South gate, North gate. 4) The concentration of heavy metals (Pb, Cu, Zn) in soils, leaves, barks, ambient air was highly correlated with the traffic volume of the sampling sites (r=0.64~0.96). To conclude that the high levels of Pb, Cu, Zn contaminations were positively related to motor vehicles-borne pollutants and road side soils, trees, ambient air adjacent to a high density building area with low road coverage and heavy traffic volume were reflected strongly by the hazardous pollutants emitted by motor vehicles.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.386-393
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• 2009

This study was to find out the quantitative relation between urban treed area(neighborhood parks) and the atmosphere environment in real condition, focusing the gas-phase non-reacting air pollutants(SOx and NOx) decreasing function of trees in urban area. It also developed a quantitative analysis method for evaluation of the atmosphere influence in the type of treed areas. We set up the Pagoda Park in Seoul and its neighbourhood as a modelling area to analyse air quality impacts by urban neighbourhood park trees. From the modelling result of the Pagoda Park case study, it is concluded that urban neighbourhood park has an important meaning to suppress construction of emission sources which drive the urban polluted air quality worse, even though park's trees have relatively small air purifying function. Especially in the urban area severely contaminated by air pollutants, the first considered air quality management policy is conservation of green spaces in neighborhood park.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.203-210
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• 2007

Since the emissions composition from the household products have potentially been associated with health risks for building occupants, the chemical composition emitted from the products should be surveyed. The current study identified the emission composition for 42 liquid household products, using a purge-and-trap method. This evaluation was done by classifying the household products into five product classes (deodorizers, household cleaners, color removers, pesticides, and polishes). Nineteen compounds were chosen on the basis of selection criteria. The quality control program for purge-and-trap and analytical systems included tests of laboratory blank Tenax traps and blank water samples, and the determination of calibration equation, measurement precision, method detection limit (MDL), and recovery. The number of chemicals varied according to the product categories, ranging from 4 for the product category of bleaches to 12 for the product categories of air fresheners and nail color removers. For all product categories, the emission composition and concentrations varied broadly according to product. It is noteworthy that most household products emit limonene: 19 of 25 cleaning products; 5 of 6 deodorizers; 1 of 3 pesticides; 3 of 3 color removers; and 4 of 5 polishes. It was suggested that the use of household products sold in Korea could elevate the formation of secondary toxic pollutants in indoor environments, by the reaction of limonene with ozone, which entered indoor environments or might be generated by indoor sources such as electronic air cleaning devices and copying machines.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 1993

Exhaust emissions are calculated as a product of the emission factor and the vehicle kilometer traveled(VKT). The emission factor is a function of several parameters such as vehicle model year, vehicle mileage, traffic conditions, etc. The representative driving cycles classified as ten different types of an average vehicle speed were selected by analyzing passenger car driving patterns in Seoul. 51 vehicles were sampled and analyzed by types of vehicles, fuels used, model years and vehicle mileages also, exhaust emissions of them were measured by chassis dynamometer. Regression equations between average vehicle speeds and exhaust emissions are made for the estimation of emission factors at different vehicle speeds. Annual emission rates of air pollutants from motor vehicles in Korea were 1116$\times10^3 ton, 149\times10^3 ton, 413\times10^3 ton and 67\times10^3$ ton for CO, HC, NOx and particulats, respetively in 1990. It was found that 56% of CO and 49% of HC were originated from passenger cars and taxis, in addition, 87% of NOx and 100% of particulates were from buses and trucks using diesel fuels.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1525-1540
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• 2015

In order to clarify the contribution rate of PM concentration due to regional emission distribution, Brute force analysis were carried out using numerical estimated PM data from WRF-CMAQ. The emission from Kyeongki region including Seoul metropolitan is the largest contribution of PM concentration than that from other regions except for emission of trans-country and source itself. Contribution rate of self emission is also the largest at Kyeongki region and its rate reach on over 95 %. And the rate at Gangwon region also higher than any region due to synoptic wind pattern. Due to synoptic wind direction at high PM episode, pollutants at downwind area along from west to east and from north to south tends to mix intensively and its composition is also complicated. Although the uncertainty of initial concentration of PM, the contribution of regional PM concentration tend to depend on the meteorological condition including intensity of synoptic and mesoscale wind and PM emission pattern over upwind region.

• Journal of ILASS-Korea
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.34-39
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• 2020

Automotive manufacturers are applying technologies for greenhouse gas reduction such as vehicle weight reduction, engine downsizing, direct injection technology, variable valves and transmission performance improvement to achieve the targets for enhanced greenhouse gas and fuel consumption efficiency. In this paper, compared and analyzed greenhouse emissions according to engine capacity, engine displacement, curb weight and sales volume of hybrid and internal combustion engine passenger vehicles. Hybrid emit 32~39% less greenhouse gas than internal combustion engines through the combined mode test method. Hybrid electric vehicle's curb weight was about 7% heavier on average for the same engine displacement, while greenhouse gas was about 36% lower. It was confirmed that in order to reduce the emission of pollutants of greenhouse gases as well as the air pollutants, it is necessary to expand the supply of eco-friendly vehicles.