• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.149-160
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• 2021

BACKGROUND: Concerns have been raised about the impact of recent high concentrations of fine dust on human health. Ammonia(NH₃) reacts with sulfur oxides and nitrogen compounds in the atmosphere to form ultrafine ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate (PM2.5). There is a growing need for accurate estimates of the amount of ammonia emitted during agricultural production. Therefore, in this study, ammonia emissions generated from the cultivation of leafy perilla in plastic houses were determined. METHODS AND RESULTS: Cow manure compost, swine manure compost, and poultry manure compost each at 34.6 ton ha^-1, the amount commonly used by farmers in the field, was sprayed on the soil surface. Just after spraying cow manure compost, swine manure compost, and poultry manure compost, the ammonia was periodically measured and analyzed to be 22.5 kg ha^-1, 22.8 kg ha^-1, and 85.2 kg ha^-1, respectively. The emission factors were estimated at 70.0 kg-NH₃ ton-N, 62.8 kg-NH₃ ton-N, and 234.1 kg-NH₃ ton-N, respectively. Most ammonia was released in the two weeks after application of the compost and then the amount released gradually decreased. CONCLUSION: Therefore, it is necessary to improve the emission factor through a study on the estimation of ammonia emission by type of livestock manure and major farming types such as rice fields and uplands, and to update data on the production, distribution, and sales of livestock manure.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.147-152
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• 2008

The Climate Change Convention has a purpose for stabilizing the concentration of greenhouse gases of the atmosphere so that the dangerous and artificial effects may not influence atmosphere systems. We intend to present the model needed to establish the systems able to monitor and control in real time not sticking to places by grafting IPTV technique and setting the monitoring objects of the greenhouse emitting sources of industrial facilities, the estimation instruction of emissions, the guidelines of emission estimation, etc. in order to corresponding to this Climate Change Convention.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.10
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• pp.4127-4133
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• 2024

Noise reduction in low-dose positron emission tomography (PET) is a well-researched topic aimed at reducing patient radiation doses and improving diagnosis. Software-based noise reduction mainly improves the contrast between regions by reducing the variation of the acquired image. However, it should be performed under appropriate parameters to reduce discrimination. We propose a method that derives optimal noise-reduction parameters using the multi-scale structural similarity index measure and visual information fidelity, which are metrics for image quality assessment. Simulation and experimental studies demonstrated the viability of the proposed algorithm. The contrast-to-noise ratio value of the denoised reconstruction slice, which was used as the optimal parameter, increased approximately three times compared to that of the low-dose slice while preserving the resolution. The results indicate that the proposed method successfully predicted the parameters according to the noise-reduction algorithm and PET system conditions in the sinogram domain. The proposed algorithm should help prevent misdiagnosis and provide standardized medical images for clinical application by performing appropriate noise reduction.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.37-51
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• 2020

Following the Paris Agreement adopted at the end of 2015, global stock-taking has been planned to be carried out on a 5-year basis from 2023, and it is mandatory to report on national GHG inventory and progress toward achieving greenhouse gas reduction targets. To prepare for this, it is important to improve the reliability of estimation of the greenhouse gas emission, identify the characteristics of each greenhouse gas emission source, and manage the amount of emissions. As such, this study compared and analyzed the amount of emissions from the landfill sector using the 2000 GPG, the 2006 IPCC Guidelines, and the 2019 Refinement estimation method. As a result, in comparison to 2016, there were 2,287 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 1, 1,870 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 2-1, 10,886 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 2-2, 10,629 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 2-3, and 12,468 Gg CO₂_eq. in scenario 3. Thus, when the 2006 IPCC Guidelines were applied with respect to 2000 GPG, it was revealed that greenhouse gas emissions have increased. Such difference in the emission changes was due to the changes in the calculation method and the emission factor values applied. Therefore, it is urgent to develop national-specific values of the emission factor based on characteristics of greenhouse gas emission in Korea.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 1996.11a
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• pp.115-119
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• 1996

An estimation of surface roughness value is a very important and difficult issue in grinding process. The definition of the D.A.R.F(Dimensionless Average Roughness Factor) has been made including the absolute average and tile standard deviation that are the parameters of the AE(Acoustic Emission) sign. The theoretical equation of the surface roughness applying the D.A.R.F has been derived from the regressive analysis and specified with respect to the availability through the experimental approach on the machine.

• International Journal of Quality Innovation
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.113-121
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• 2008

This paper proposes a scheme to estimate the technical efficiency of energy consumption and production and shadow prices of $CO_2$ emission in country-level at Asia Pacific countries by Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The result of technical efficiency estimation shows that there exists an heterogeneity and a substantial opportunity for improvement in technical efficiency at energy consumption and production across countries, specially in the $CO_2$ emission, which implies that more pollutant are spread in air. Each country will have the different willingness to pay for the additional $CO_2$ emission right and this result enables us to predict the competition in international $CO_2$ emission right market.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aviation and Aeronautics
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.178-186
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• 2017

Air travel has become an essential part of the global society and its sustainable development is expected. Airlines profit structure and network operation will be influenced by internalization of external costs like emission charge. This additional cost of the airlines will be directly pose air ticket fare increase and demand of air passenger will be decreased. EU-ETS is a part of environmental binding to airlines fly to EU territory airports. This study analyzes the impact of emission charges by application of EU-ETS on airlines network change. For long-term forecast, a reliable estimation of the future price of carbon dioxide (CO2) will be used.

• Tunnel and Underground Space
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.227-236
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• 2000

The fracture toughness can be measured by the two testing methods using chevron-notched specimen according to the ISRM Working Group of Commission of Testing Methods. They are chevron bend (CB) test and short rod (SR) test. In this study, the suggested methods (Level I tests) were conducted on the CB and SR specimens of Chuncheon granite. In addition. the J-integral analysis was combined with an acoustic emission technique to determine the fracture toughness. The results from two telling methods were analyzed in terms of the anisotropy and the acoustic emission characteristics.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.805-810
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• 2003

The annual air pollution emissions from construction and agricultural equipments were estimated from 1987 through 2000. The annual numbers and operation hours of 5 major construction equipments (Excavator, Bulldozer, Loader, Fork lift, Crane) and 3 major agricultural equipments (Power Tiller, Agricultural Tractor, Combine) were investigated for emission estimation. And monthly variation factors of operation hours of construction equipment were investigated too. The NO$_{x}$ emission from construction equipment have been gradually increased since 1987 to 1997, but sharply decreased as -45％ in 1998 due to economic crisis in Korea. The NO$_{x}$ emission was estimated as 64,300 ton/year from construction equipment, and as 23,300 ton/year from agricultural equipment in 2000.000.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.10c
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• pp.467-472
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• 2003

Of those off-road diesel engines, the railroad diesel rolling stocks (RDRS) for passenger and freight transportation become a growing issue since they are emitting enormous amounts of various air pollutants. Furthermore, up to the present time, emissions from these sources are not well controlled. One of main purposes in this study is to develop emission factors for the RDRS and to estimate a total amount of major air pollutants from the RDRS in Korea. Prior to develop a Korean mode emission factor, the emission factor from the USEPA was simply applied for comparative studies. As a conclusion, based on the emissions calculated from both the USEPA mode and the KoRail mode, the RDRS is considered as one of significant mobile sources of major air pollutants including NOx and CO, and thus management plans and control strategies for the RDRS must be established to improve air quality near. future in Korea.