• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.573-577
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• 2016

본 논문에서는 영상의 지역성과 인접 픽셀 차분시퀀스를 이용하는 가역 데이터 임베딩 기법을 제안하였다. 자연영상에는 일반적으로 지역성이 존재한다. 영상의 지역성을 이용하여 인접한 픽셀 값을 예측하는 기법을 기존의 기법인 APD(Adjacent Pixel Difference) 기법에 적용하여 임베딩 가능한 데이터 량을 증가 시키고 다양한 레벨로 데이터 임베딩을 가능하게 하는 가역 데이터 임베딩 기법을 제안하였다. 실험결과를 통하여 제안된 기법의 우수성을 확인하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제7권3호
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• pp.600-612
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• 2013

In 2006, Zhang and Wang proposed a data hiding scheme based on Exploiting Modification Direction (EMD) to increase data hiding capacity. The major benefit of EMD is providing embedding capacity greater than 1 bit per pixel. Since then, many EMD-type data hiding schemes have been proposed. However, a serious disadvantage common to these approaches is that the embedded data is compromised when the embedding function is disclosed. Our proposed secure data hiding scheme remedies this disclosure shortcoming by employing an additional modulus function. The provided security analysis of our scheme demonstrates that attackers cannot get the secret information from the stegoimage even if the embedding function is made public. Furthermore, our proposed scheme also gives a simple solution to the overflow/underflow problem and maintains high embedding capacity and good stegoimage quality.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.891-902
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• 2012

Reversible data hiding scheme is a form of steganography in which the secret embedding data can be retrieved from a stego image for the purpose of identification, copyright protection and making a covert channel. The reversible data hiding should satisfy that not only are the distortions due to artifacts against the cover image invisible but also it has large embedding capacity as far as possible. In this paper, we propose a robust reversible data hiding scheme by exploiting the differences between a center pixel and its neighboring pixels in each sub-block of the image to embed secret data into extra space. Moreover, our scheme enhances the embedding capacity and can recover the embedded data from the stego image without causing any perceptible distortions to the cover image. Simulation results show that our proposed scheme has lower visible distortions in the stego image and provides robustness to geometrical image manipulations, such as rotation and cropping operations.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제25권9호
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• pp.1291-1306
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• 2022

The dual image-based reversible data hiding scheme embeds secret data into two images to increase the embedding capacity of secret data. The dual image-based reversible data hiding scheme can transmit a lot of secret data. Therefore, various schemes have been proposed until recently. In 2021, Chen and Hong proposed a dual image-based reversible data hiding scheme that embeds a large amount of secret data using a reference matrix, secret data, and bit values. However, in this paper, more secret data can be embedded than Chen and Hong's scheme. To achieve this goal, the proposed scheme generates polynomials and shared values using secret sharing scheme, and embeds secret data using reference matrix and septenary number, and random value. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can transmit more secret data to the receiver while maintaining the image quality similar to other dual image-based reversible data hiding schemes.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제6권12호
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• pp.3100-3116
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• 2012

Reversible data hiding enables the embedding of messages in a host image without any loss of host content, which is proposed for image authentication that if the watermarked image is deemed authentic, we can revert it to the exact copy of the original image before the embedding occurred. In this paper, we present an improved histogram-based reversible data hiding scheme based on prediction and sorting. A rhombus prediction is employed to explore the prediction for histogram-based embedding. Sorting the prediction has a good influence on increasing the embedding capacity. Characteristics of the pixel difference are used to achieve large hiding capacity while keeping low distortion. The proposed scheme exploits a two-stage embedding strategy to solve the problem about communicating peak points. We also present a histogram shifting technique to prevent overflow and underflow. Performance comparisons with other existing reversible data hiding schemes are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed scheme.

• 한국전자파학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전자파학회 2003년도 종합학술발표회 논문집 Vol.13 No.1
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• pp.163-167
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• 2003

In this paper, an air-suspension type RF MEMS inductor is fabricated, and an appropriate de-embedding scheme for 3-dimenstional MEMS structure is applied and verified with inductance calculation algorithm. With the presented de-embedding method, parasitics from contanct pads and feeding lines are effectively and accurately de-embedded using open and short calibration procedure, and only spiral and posts can be characterized as a high-Q inductor structure. The validity of the de-embedding method is verified by the comparison of the measured and calculated inductances of two 1.5 and 2.5 turn square spiral inductors. The open-short de-embedded inductance error is below 5% each case in comparison with the calculated value based on H.M. Greenhouse's algorithm.

• 정보통신설비학회논문지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.46-52
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• 2011

This paper presents adaptive spread-spectrum watermarking scheme on the H.264/AVC video. The H.264/AVC has become popular video coding since it's compression performance has been improved greatly. That is why there is not enough space for embedding watermark using the spread-spectrum method. To overcome this problem, we propose selective block embedding scheme. The blocks which don't contain non-zero DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) coefficients are selected by value. So we have enough space to embed watermarks. Experimental result shows that proposed scheme improves recovery rates of watermark about 12% and reduces distortion of watermarked video.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.261-270
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• 2017

Data hiding is a way to hide the information in multimedia media such as images or video. The scheme proposed by Nguyen and Chang, was able to embed, extract, and restore the cover image and the secret data using Sudoku. But in the extracting phase, the occurrence of duplicate values in the reference matrix was found to decrease the embedding capacity of secret data. This paper has proposed a reversible data hiding scheme while maintaining the quality of the image to provide high embedding capacity using $7{\times}7$ Sudoku and Shamir's secret sharing scheme.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권8호
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• pp.2984-3004
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• 2015

Designing a new reversible data hiding technique with a high embedding rate and a low compression rate for vector quantization (VQ) compressed images is encouraged. This paper proposes a novel lossless data hiding scheme for VQ-compressed images based on the joint neighboring coding technique. The proposed method uses the difference values between a current VQ index and its left and upper neighboring VQ indexes to embed n secret bits into one VQ index, where n = 1, 2, 3, or 4. The experimental results show that the proposed scheme achieves the embedding rates of 1, 2, 3, and 4 bits per index (bpi) with the corresponding average compression rates of 0.420, 0.483, 0.545, and 0.608 bit per pixel (bpp) for a 256 sized codebook. These results confirm that our scheme performs better than other selected reversible data hiding schemes.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.768-788
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• 2021

The reversible data hiding technique safely transmits secret data to the recipient from malicious attacks by third parties. In addition, this technique can completely restore the image used as a transmission medium for secret data. The reversible data hiding schemes have been proposed in various forms, and recently, the reversible data hiding schemes based on interpolation are actively researching. The reversible data hiding scheme based on the interpolation method expands the original image into the cover image and embed secret data. However, the existing interpolation-based reversible data hiding schemes did not embed secret data during the interpolation process. To improve this problem, this paper proposes embedding the first secret data during the image interpolation process and embedding the second secret data into the interpolated cover image. In the embedding process, the original image is divided into blocks without duplicates, and the maximum and minimum values are determined within each block. Three way searching based on the maximum value and two way searching based on the minimum value are performed. And, image interpolation is performed while embedding the first secret data using the PVD scheme. A stego image is created by embedding the second secret data using the maximum difference value and log function in the interpolated cover image. As a result, the proposed scheme embeds secret data twice. In particular, it is possible to embed secret data even during the interpolation process of an image that did not previously embed secret data. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can transmit more secret data to the receiver while maintaining the image quality similar to other interpolation-based reversible data hiding schemes.