• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권5호특별호
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• pp.583-594
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate beginning elementary teachers' characteristics and improvement of their teaching skills in science class. The methodology of this study was a qualitative approach that included interviews, classroom observations, and teaching materials. In urban area, low beginning elementary teacher were selected. Four beginning elementary teachers were observed and recorded with VCR in their classroom at seven-times. The results showed that the beginning elementary teachers did not improve in their teaching skills in science teaching, and their characteristics of teaching skills in science were summarized as following; 1) their teaching methods were not inquiry-based science teaching, but explaining-based science teaching, 2) their main aims of the science teaching were focused on the science knowledges, 3) there were little students' science processes involved in their classes, 4) they focused on using textbook as teaching materials, 5) there were little waiting times after their questioning, and they usually used closed-questions rather than open-ended questions.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.21-29
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• 2005

This study is purposed to research the present status and outcomes of adaption of science teacher system in elementary school. The subjects of this study are science teachers, schoolmasters, science supervisors, and 3rd$\~$6th grade students in western office of board of education, Gwangju Metropolitan city. It was found that there are 264 teachers who teach one subject and only two of them were science teachers. In elementary schools, most classroom teachers didn't want to be science teachers and schoolmasters or science supervisors could not afford to adapt science teacher system. After applying science teacher system to 3$\~$6th grade students during one school year, many students were improved in academic achievement and inquiring ability, and they have increased of interest and participation in science activities. This means that science class by science teacher is more effective than that by classroom teacher. Therefore, science teacher system should enlarge to science class in elementary school.

• 인간식물환경학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.365-376
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• 2021

Background and objective: This study aims to develop and apply programs in agriculture and life sciences for promoting divergent thinking in STEAM using classroom wall gardens. The process of the STEAM program such as presentation of the situation, creative design, and success experience is proposed to utilize STEAM education as a distinguished program. Methods: Four types of classroom wall gardens were used in this program, such as the 'plaster pot wall garden', 'attachable LED wall garden'. 'coffee pack wall garden', and 'hanging wall garden' for each classroom. For this purpose, official letters were sent to relevant institutions (elementary schools) specified by the research institute, and classes were conducted on the selected elementary school students. Results: A satisfaction survey and effect analysis were conducted on the students participating in the program. The program was designed to take a total of 11 hours, comprised of teaching plans including the topics, purpose of production, subject outlines, learning goals, and elements of STEAM subjects and stages. Conclusion: According to the survey on student satisfaction and understanding, it was found that students participating in the program have a high level of understanding and participation, as well as increased interest in science. Also, the program helped the students to connect with other subject areas. The level of student satisfaction was especially high in the upper grades. It is believed that the results of this research contribute to the development of STEAM education programs in agriculture and life sciences as well as other subject areas.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제23권3호통권99호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2007

The microbial contamination levels of school classrooms were assessed as foodservice environments for elementary students. Two elementary schools located in Kyunggi-do were selected, and the total plate counts (TPC) and coliforms were measured from the classroom facilities, including the tables, chairs, floors, shelves, doors, as well as the hands of students, and the air of classrooms. The TPC of the classroom facilities were relatively low ranging from 2.30 to 3.79 log CFU/100 cm$^2$. The TPC counts from the hands of serving students and served students, were 6.39 and 5.33 log CFU, respectively, and the TPC counts of the foodservice utensils were <3.00 log CFU/ea before use and 4.77 CFU/ea after use. The air samples of 'empty classrooms during physical education', 'after physical education class', and 'during lunch' showed the contamination levels of 26 CFU/m$^3$,392 CFU/m$^3$, 364 CFU/m$^3$, respectively, suggesting that the microbial levels in the air varies greatly depending on the class activity before foodservice. When the TPCs of the air during lunch were measured from 18 classrooms, the levels ranged from 76 to >2228 CFU/m$^3$. Coliforms were not detected in the classroom facilities; however, air samples of the classrooms showed 1${\sim}$2 CFU/m$^3$. The above results show that classroom air and the hands of students, can have high levels of microbial contamination, which must to be controlled for safer school foodservice.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.457-467
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• 2022

본 연구는 초등학교 3학년 학급에서 학급 운영의 일환으로 식물 관찰 활동을 1년 동안 진행하며 학생들에게 미친 효과가 무엇인지 탐색한 연구이다. 식물 관찰 활동의 효과를 살펴보기 위해 식물 관찰 활동을 시간적인 순서에 따라 기술하며 관찰 유형을 분석하였고, 학생들이 느낀 인식적 정서를 분석하였다. 본 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 꾸준한 식물 관찰 활동은 학생들의 관찰 유형에 의미 있는 변화를 일으켰다. 둘째, 식물 관찰 활동은 학생들이 긍정적인 정서를 가지고 참여하도록 유도하였다. 즉, 꾸준한 식물 관찰 활동은 학생들이 다양한 감각을 활용하여 관찰하도록 하였고, 흥미를 높이고 호기심을 키우며 재밌게 참여한 후에는 만족을 주는 배움을 이끌어냈다.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.504-513
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• 2011

In this study, we investigated how elementary science teaching has changed with the introduction of the National Assessment of Educational Achievement (NAEA). Teachers are held accountable for student performance as measured by the mandatory nation-wide standards tests to satisfy the needs of accountability and quality assurance systems. In relation to the teaching of science in the elementary school, professionalism meets potential threats with the advent of national test. Through analysis of the classroom teaching and open-ended interviews, we explored the teacher's concerns about the national test and how their science classes have changed to prepare for this test. According to the results, the national test made elementary teachers accountable for the content of their science classes, limits teachers' autonomy in reconstruction of curriculum, and forced teachers to conduct conclusion-centered lessons even in elementary science classes. In addition, teachers argue that the national test precludes the possibility of differentiated education and differentiated assessment. Based on the results, we suggested a new professionalism in this accountability era, so called 'informed professionalism', which refers to the ability of teachers to interpret and implement curriculum and policy mandates at the local, school and classroom level to generate equitable and improved student outcomes through teaching and learning. We also suggested further research on the teacher professionalism in teaching science contents.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.135-145
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• 2016

본 연구는 초등 교사들이 민주적 과학 탐구에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있는지, 그리고 과학 수업을 통해 민주 시민 소양을 기를 수 있는 방법에 대해 어떻게 인식하고 있는지를 조사하는 것에 초점을 두고, 이를 바탕으로 과학 교실 혹은 과학 수업에서 민주 시민 소양을 기르기 위해서 고려해야 할 점들에 대해 탐색적으로 논의하는 것을 목적으로 수행 하였다. 총 96명의 초등 교사 응답을 분석한 결과, 초등교사들은 민주적 과학 탐구의 특징으로 '의사소통과 협력에 바탕을 둔 과학 탐구', '자율성과 공정성에 바탕을 둔 과학 탐구', '인류와 사회의 이익에 기여하는 과학 탐구'를 들었다. 또, '의사소통과 협력에 바탕을 둔 활동/탐구'를 과학 수업을 통해 민주 시민으로서의 소양을 증진 시킬 수 있는 가장 좋은 방법으로 생각하고 있었다. 끝으로 이를 바탕으로 민주적 탐구와 민주 시민 소양 증진과 관련하여 몇 가지 제언을 하였다.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.401-409
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• 1996

In this study, the perceptions of science classroom climate were investigated for 360 elementary and middle school students in mixed classes. The instrument used was an adapted version of the Student Perception Questionnaire (SPQ), which consists of five elements-Participatory Climate, Personalized Interaction, Student Assertiveness, Positive Teacher, and Negative Teacher. The results indicated that the gender differences in the perceptions of the Participatory Climate and the Positive Teacher were not significant for middle school students. However, the differences were found to be significant in the perceptions of the Negative Teacher, the Personalized Interaction and the Student Assertiveness, which measure the climate for the individual student. On the other hand, elementary male and female students did not significantly differ in the perceptions of science classroom climate except one item on the Participatory Climate. Educational implications are discussed.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.53-60
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• 2007

A pilot study was conducted in order to investigate the concentration of formaldehyde at elementary school, middle school, the high school (108 classrooms) located in Chungchong-namdo during February - September, 2006. Also, divide by (45 classroom) General Classroom and (63 classrooms) Stateroom. The average concentrations of formaldehyde(HCHO) in the general classroom was high by $22.87\;{\pm}\;20.61\;{\mu}g/m^3$ elementary school, $22.08\;{\pm}\;12.70\;{\mu}g/m^3$ high school, $13.58\;{\pm}\;6.60\;{\mu}g/m^3$ middle school. The average concentrations of formaldehyde(HCHO) in the Stateroom was high by $27.58\;{\pm}\;30.5{\mu}g/m^3$ elementary school, $22.03\;{\pm}\;19.12\;{\mu}g/m^3\;22.87\;{\pm}\;20.61\;{\mu}g/m^3$ middle school, $24.92\;{\pm}\;28.15\;{\mu}g/m^3$ high school. There was correlation between formaldehyde concentrations and temperature, humidity in general classroom (P<0.05).

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.189-200
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• 2008

The purpose of this study is to find out the effects of learning that has applied instruction module utilizing ICT in project-based learning in elementary science classroom on improvement of the self-directed learning skills and the problem-solving skills. For this purpose, the project based learning instruction module utilizing ICT based was developed and conducted to 2 class consisting of 66 elementary students in the 6th grade to clarify the effects. As a result of the study, first, the instruction module utilizing ICT in project-based learning was effective in improving self-directed learning skills of students. As the subordinate effects of self-directed learning skills it showed improved effects in diagnosing desire to learn, setting goals, basic self-managing ability, selecting learning strategy, durability of practicing learning, making effort for result, and self-examination but it did not show improved effects in figuring out recognition of resources for Learning. Second, it was effective in improving the problem-solving skills of students. As the subordinate effects of problem-solving skills it showed improved effects in problem recognition, information gathering, analysis, thinking prior to dissemination, planning skill, and evaluation but it did not show effect on decision making, implementation & risk-taking and feedback.