• Macromolecular Research
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.521-528
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• 2005

Electrospun polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers were carbonized with or without iron (III) acetylacetonate to induce catalytic graphitization within the range of 900-1,500$^{circ}C$, resulting in ultrafine carbon fibers with a diameter of about 90-300 nm. Their structural properties and morphologies were investigated. The carbon nanofibers (CNF) prepared without a catalyst showed amorphous structures and very low surface areas of 22-31 $m^{2}$/g. The carbonization in the presence of the catalyst produced graphite nanofibers (GNF). The hydrogen storage capacities of these CNF and GNF materials were evaluated through the gravimetric method using magnetic suspension balance (MSB) at room temperature and 100 bar. The CNFs showed hydrogen storage capacities which increased in the range of 0.16-0.50 wt$\%$ with increasing carbonization temperature. The hydrogen storage capacities of the GNFs with low surface areas of 60-253 $m^{2}$/g were 0.14-1.01 wt$\%$. Micropore and mesopore, as calculated using the nitrogen gas adsorption-desorption isotherms, were not the effective pore for hydrogen storage.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.777-781
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• 2008

In this work, silver nanoparticles-containing polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solutions in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) were electrospun to be webs consisting of nanofibers. The inputted voltage and PAN content in the solution were fixed at 15 kV and 10 wt.% in DMF with 10 cm of tip-to-collector distance (TCD). The PAN/Ag nanofiber webs were stabilized by oxidation at 250 ${^{\circ}C}$ for 2 h in air and carbonized at 1000 ${^{\circ}C}$ for 2 h in $N_2$. The resultant diameter distribution and morphologies of the nanofibers were evaluated by scanning electron microscope analysis. The electrochemical behaviors of the nanofiber webs were also observed by cyclic voltammetry tests. It was found that the presence of silver nanoparticles in carbon nanofiber webs led to the increase of specific capacitance and the decrease of fiber diameters.

• Carbon letters
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.217-220
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• 2009

In this study, porous electrospun carbon fibers were prepared by electrospinning with PAN and $MgCl_2$, as a MgO precursor. MgO was selected as a substrate because of its chemical and thermal stability, no reaction with carbon, and ease of removal after carbonization by dissolving out in acidic solutions. $MgCl_2$ was mixed with polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution as a precursor of MgO with various weight ratios of $MgCl_2$/PAN. The average diameter of porous electrospun carbon fibers increased from 1.3 to 3 ${\mu}m$, as the $MgCl_2$ to PAN weight ratio increased. During the stabilization step, $MgCl_2$ was hydrolyzed to MgOHCl by heat treatment. At elevated temperature of 823 K for carbonization step, MgOHCl was decomposed to MgO. Specific surface area and pore structure of prepared electrospun carbon fibers were decided by weight ratio of $MgCl_2$/PAN. The amount of hydrogen storage increased with increase of specific surface area and micropore volume of prepared electrospun carbon fibers.

• Carbon letters
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2007

In the present study, electrospun PAN precursor webs and the stabilized and carbonized nanofiber webs processed under different heat-treatment conditions were characterized by means of weight loss measurement, elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimentric analysis (TGA), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The result indicated that stabilization and carbonization processes with different temperatures and heating rates significantly influenced the chemical and morphological characteristics as well as the thermal properties of the stabilized and then subsequently carbonized nanofiber webs from PAN precursor webs. It was noted that the filament diameter and the carbon content of a carbonized nanofiber web as well as its weight change may be effectively monitored by controlling both stabilization and carbonization processes.

• Carbon letters
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.108-114
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• 2008

We have demonstrated the feasibility of using electrospinning method to fabricate long and continuous composite nanofiber sheets of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) incorporated with zinc oxide (ZnO). Such PAN/ZnO composite nanofiber sheets represent an important step toward utilizing carbon nanofibers (CNFs) as materials to achieve remarkably enhanced physico-chemical properties. In an attempt to derive these advantages, we have used a variety of techniques such as field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution X-ray diffraction (HR-XRD) to obtain quantitative data on the materials. The CNFs produced are in the diameter range of 100 to 350 nm after carbonization at $1000^{\circ}C$. Electrical conductivity of the random CNFs was increased by increasing the concentration of ZnO. A dramatic improvement in porosity and specific surface area of the CNFs was a clear evidence of the novelty of the method used. This study indicated that the optimal ZnO concentration of 3 wt% is enough to produce CNFs having enhanced electrical and physico-chemical properties.

• 청정기술
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.210-217
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• 2022

붕소(Boron)은 희소자원으로 유리, 반도체 재료, 화약 등 다양한 용도로 사용되고 있는데, 우리나라의 경우 붕소를 전량 수입에 의존하고 있으며 전 세계 붕소 매장량과 현재 추세의 생산량을 고려하면 50년 이후 지상의 붕소는 고갈될 확률이 높다. 따라서 안정적 붕소의 공급을 위해 해수 내의 붕소를 회수할 수 있는 소재 및 공정의 개발이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 수용액 중 붕소를 회수하기 위한 소재로 전기방사 후 탄소화된 폴리아크릴로니트릴(polyacrylonitrile, PAN) 나노섬유를 도입하였다. 먼저 탄소섬유 표면의 붕소 흡착 기작을 이론적으로 구현하기 위해 범밀도함수이론(density functional method) 기반의 분자모델링 작업을 수행하였는데, 계산된 에너지도(energetics)에 따르면 붕소가 탄소섬유 표면에 흡착되는 화학반응이 가능한(viable) 것으로 판단되었다. 한편 전기방사로 제작된 PAN 나노섬유를 대기 중에서 안정화를 진행한 후 아르곤(Ar) 분위기에서 탄소화하였고 붕산 수용액에 담지시켰다. SEM과 Raman 분석을 통해 각각 전기방사와 탄소화가 잘 진행되었는지 확인하였고, XPS 분석을 통해 탄소섬유 표면에 질소가 잘 도핑되었는지 여부와 붕소의 흡착 여부를 확인하였다. 결과적으로 전기방사된 PAN으로부터 제작된 탄소섬유는 해수 내 붕소 회수에 사용될 수 있는 소재로 판단된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.203-206
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• 2006

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibers, which are pH-sensitive and exhibit soft actuation as a linear actuator and artificial muscles, were prepared by electrospinning to investigate the effect of viscosity on the morphology of PAN fibers. Experimental results revealed that higher viscosity is critical for the formation of unbeaded nanofibers because surface tension is almost constant throughout the experiment. Uniform, smooth, and continuous fibers with diameters of about 700 nm were achieved for the 10 wt% PAN fibers at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/h and an electric field of 0.875 kV/cm.

• 한국진공학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.41-47
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• 2012

본 연구에서는 전기방사법(electrospinning method)을 이용하여 다중벽 탄소나노튜브(multi-walled carbon nanotubes, MWCNTs)가 첨가된 polyacrylonitrile (PAN)과 poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) 고분자 복합 나노섬유를 합성하였다. 합성 과정에서 고분자 물질의 농도와 인가전압의 변화가 나노섬유의 합성에 미치는 영향을 조사하여 최적화된 고분자 나노섬유 합성 조건을 확립하였다. 또한, MWCNTs의 첨가량의 변화에 따른 복합 나노섬유의 구조적 특징을 주사전자현미경(scanning electron microscopy)과 투과전자현미경(transmission electron microscopy)을 통해 분석하였으며, 기계적 강도를 조사하였다. 5 wt%의 MWCNTs가 첨가된 경우, 인장강도(tensile strength)와 영률(Young's modulus)이 PAN 복합 나노섬유는 500%, 27% 향상되었으며, PMMA 복합 나노섬유는 250%, 1,017% 향상된 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 멤브레인
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2019

가속화되는 산업화로 인해 중금속 이온의 침출이 환경문제로 떠오르고 있다. 수질 정화를 위한 몇 가지 방법 중 기능성 고분자 섬유를 이용한 흡착은 효율적이며 경제적이라는 장점이 있다. 특히, 폴리아크릴로나이트릴(polyacrylonitrile, PAN)은 금속 이온을 흡착할 수 있는 작용기가 많아 관심을 끌고 있다. PAN은 쉽게 전기방사를 통해 고분자 나노 섬유화될 수 있으며 높은 표면적을 가질 수 있다. 본 총설에서 다룰 복합 PAN 섬유는 폐수 처리를 위한 또 다른 유형의 고분자이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• 제44권5호
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• pp.750-759
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• 2016

크라프트 리그닌-polyacrylonitrile (PAN) 그라프트 공중합체의 전기방사 나노섬유매트를 열처리와 이산화망간($MnO_2$) 전기증착법을 이용하여 리그닌 기반 탄소나노섬유 매트(lignin based carbon nanofiber mat, LCNFM)로 제조하고, 슈퍼캐퍼시터용 전극소재(electrode)로의 응용가능성에 대하여 조사하였다. 전기증착 처리시간이 길수록 $MnO_2$-LCNFM 표면의 흡착되는 이산화망간양이 증가하였으며, 이에 따른 탄소나노섬유의 직경과 이산화망간 흡착층이 증가하였다. $MnO_2$-LCNFM 전극의 전기 화학적 특성을 순환전압전류측정(cyclic voltammetry)을 통해 평가하였고, 최대 $168.0mF{\cdot}cm^{-2}$의 비축적용량을 보였다. $MnO_2$-LCNFM를 이용하여 $H_3PO_4$/Polyvinyl alcohol 겔 전해질로 제작한 하이브리드 슈퍼캐퍼시터(hybrid supercapacitor)는 약 90%의 전기용량 효율(capacitance efficiency)을 보였으며, 1,000회의 충 방전 시험에서 안정적인 거동을 나타냈다.