• 한국결정성장학회지
• /
• 제9권6호
• /
• pp.590-596
• /
• 1999

염화물욕 아연도금에서 순환셀 도금장치에 3전극계를 부착하여 첨가제 효과를 조사하였다. 도금액에 폴리에틸렌글리콜(이하 PEG)의 첨가는 도금 과전압을 증가시키고 수소발생을 억제하는데 이것은 첨가제에 의하여 아연 이온의 이동을 억제하거나 음극에 첨가제 흡착에 의한 것으로 생각된다. 그러나 PEG는 사용되는 도금액의 물성(전도도, 점도, 비중)에는 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 도금층에 미치는 영향은 표면 조도가 개선되고, 광택도가 감소된다. 이러한 영향은 PEG 분자수가 클수록 증가되나 분자수가 다른 PEG의 혼합첨가제에서는 광택도 감소가 줄어든다. 이러한 것은 도금층 결정면의 방향성, 입자의 크기 및 형태가 PEG 분자 수에 따라 다르게 나타나는 것에 기인하는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국정밀공학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.167-172
• /
• 2005

In this paper. micro electrochemical machining (ECM) for micro structure fabrications is presented. By applying ultra short pulses. the chemical reaction can be restricted only to the region very close to the electrode. Micro ECM is applied to machining micro structures through electrochemical milling process becasuse it doesn't suffer from tool wear. Using this method. 3D micro structures were machined on stainless steel. It was found that micro machining is possible with good surface quality in the low concentration electrolyte,0.1 M H₂SO₄. In ECM, as the machining depth increases, better flushing of electrolyte is required for sufficient ion supply. Layer-by-layer milling is advantageous in flushing. However, layer-by-layer milling causes taper of structures. To reduce the taper, application of a disk-type electrode was introduced. By electrochemical milling, various 3D micro structures including a hemisphere with 60 ㎛ diameter were fabricated.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.54-57
• /
• 2012

요로감염환자에서 이차성 거짓저알도스테론증이 발생할 수 있다는 보고들이 흔하지 않게 보고되고 있다. 많은 경우들에서는 요로계통의 기형을 동반하였으나, 요로계기형이 없는 급성 신우신염 환자들에서도 거짓저알도스테론증의 발생이 보고되었다. 대부분의 경우들은 영아에서 발생하였다. 거짓저알도스테론증은 저나트륨혈증, 고칼륨혈증, 그리고 대사성 산증을 특징으로 심할 경우 치명적인 결과를 초래할 수 있다. 더군다나, 본 증례에서와 같이 전해질 불균형에 의한 증세가 식욕부진, 성장장애(failure to thrive) 등으로 미미할 경우 이차성 거짓저알도스테론증의 조기 진단이 어려울 수 있다. 세뇨관 기능이 아직 미숙하고, 요로감염의 발병율이 높은 영아에서는 요로감염으로 진단시 저나트륨혈증, 고칼륨혈증 등의 전해질 불균형의 동반 가능성을 염두에 두어야 할 것으로 사려된다.

• 한국물환경학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.377-384
• /
• 2007

This study has carried out a performance of dimensionally stable anode for the purpose of decolorization of Rhodamine B (RhB) in water. Seven kinds of 1, 2 and 3 component electrodes were prepared by plating and thermal deposition, which were coated by the oxides of Pt, Ru, Ir, Sn-Sb, Ir-Sn-Sb, Ru-Sn-Sb and Ru-Sn-Ti on Ti metal surface, respectively. Performance for RhB decolorization of the seven electrodes lay in: Ru-Sn-Ti/Ti ${\fallingdotseq}$ Ru-Sn-Sb/Ti > Ir-Sn-Sb/Ti > Sn-Sb/Ti > Ru/Ti > Ir/Ti > Pt/Ti. The effects of electrode area and distance, electrolyte type and concentration, current density and pH were investigated on the decolorization of RhB using Ru-Sn-Ti/Ti electrode. Decolorization of RhB was not influenced by electrode area and distance largely, however wattage was influenced by them. NaCl was superior to the decolorization of RhB than $Na_2SO_4$. Optimum NaCl dosage and current density were 0.5 g/L and $0.183A/cm^2$, respectively. The pH effect of decolorization of RhB was not significant within the range of 3-7.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.497-501
• /
• 2011

Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) performance degrade when sulfur dioxide is present in the fuel hydrogen gas, this is referred as $SO_2$ poisoning. This paper reveals $SO_2$ poisoning on PEMFC cathode part by measuring electrical performance of single cell under 1 ppm and 5 ppm on $SO_2$ gas operating. The security of $SO_2$ poisoning depended on $SO_2$ concentration under the best operating conditions($65^{\circ}C$ of cell temperature and 100% of relative humidity between anode and cathode). $SO_2$ adsorption occured on the surface of catalyst layer on membrane electrode assembly (MEA), In addition, MEA poisoning by $SO_2$ was cumulative but reversible. After poisoning within 5 ppm $SO_2$ for 1hr, the electrical performance of PEMFC was found to recover up to about 93% by cyclic voltametry scan.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.236-243
• /
• 2017

A fixed-bed zinc/nickel redox flow battery (RFB) is designed and developed. The proposed cell has been established in the form of a fixed bed RFB. The zinc electrode is immersed in an aqueous NaOH solution (anolyte solution) and the nickel electrode is immersed in the catholyte solution which is a mixture of potassium ferrocyanide, potassium ferricyanide and sodium hydroxide as the supporting electrolyte. In the present work, the electrode area has been maximized to $1500cm^2$ to enforce an increase in the energy efficiency up to 77.02% at a current density $0.06mA/cm^2$ using a flow rate $35cm^3/s$, a concentration of the anolyte solution is $1.5mol\;L^{-1}$ NaOH and the catholyte solution is $1.5mol\;L^{-1}$ NaOH as a supporting electrolyte mixed with $0.2mol\;L^{-1}$ equimolar of potassium ferrocyanide and potassium ferricyanide. The outlined results from this study are described on the basis of battery performance with respect to the current density, velocity in different electrolytes conditions, energy efficiency, voltage efficiency and power of the battery.

• 한국어류학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.168-172
• /
• 2007

졸복의 정액의 물리화학적 성상과 정자운동성에 관한 기초자료를 얻었다. 졸복 정액의 평균농도, pH 및 삼투질농도는 각각 $12.1{\pm}3.2{\times}10^9/mL$, $8.2{\pm}0.3$, $385.5{\pm}12.5mOsm/kg$ 였다. 정자는 정장의 삼투질농도($385.5{\pm}12.5mOsm/kg$)에 비해서 저장 또는 등장의 삼투질농도에서는 운동성이 억제된 반면, 장장에 비해 고장삼투질농도에서 정자의 운동이 개시되어 삼투질농도가 증가함에 따라 활발한 운동성을 보였다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제47권4호
• /
• pp.283-289
• /
• 2010

Physical properties of Plasma electrolytic oxidized 8 different kinds of Al alloys, A-1100, A-2024, A-5052, A-6061, A-6063, A-7075, ACD-7B and ACD-12 were investigated. The electrolyte for PEO was $Na_2SiO_3$ and NaOH and some alkali earthen metal salts system solution. $\eta$-alumina, as well as $\gamma$-alumina, was main crystal phase, which were ever reported. Also, $Al_{4.95}Si_{1.05}O_{9.52}$ was found only in this research. So we can conclude that the process conditions of PEO apparatus and composition and concentration of its electrolyte affects crystal structure and physical properties of PEO layers much more than the compositions of Al alloy.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제35권12호
• /
• pp.1265-1272
• /
• 2011

원형 용기에서 전자기력에 의해 구동되는 전해질 유체의 순환유동을 구하기 위해 연속 방정식, 운동량 방정식에 대한 수치해석을 수행하였다. 그리고 실험을 병행하여 기초 데이터를 마련하고, 실험과 수치해석 결과가 정성적, 정량적 면에서 상당히 일치한 것을 확인하였다. 또 몇 가지 실험인자 값을 바꿔가며 실험과 수치해석을 반복 수행한 결과 전해질 농도가 클수록, 수심이 얕을수록, 자기장이 클수록, 교류 진동수가 작을수록 유속이 빨라지는 등 각각의 인자가 미치는 영향을 알 수 있었다.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제23권2호
• /
• pp.139-150
• /
• 2002

OBJECTIVES : Schizandra chinensis is well known for its efficacy at liver function reinforcement, relieving thirst and recovery from fatigue. In this study, we examined the effects of sports drink containing Schizandra chinensis on serum metabolic substrate, electrolyte, stress indicators, related-enzyme and exercise performance, rectal temperature, and heat shock proteinb70 (HSP70). METHODS : Elite long-distance runners (male, 21.3yrs, n=16) were selected and divided into two groups; an experimental group (EXP, n=8) and a control group (CON, n=8). A beverage containing Schizandra chinensis was supplemented 3 times per day to EXP for 4 weeks. Serum biochemical elements (glucose, lactate, total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, glutamate pyruvate transaminase, creatinine, creatine phosphokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, blood urea nitrogen, Na, K, Cl) were analyzed by auto blood analyzer. Exercise performance was measured by treadmill exercise test, HSP70 was detected by electrophoresis and Western blotting, and rectal temperature was measured by rectal temperature probe. RESULTS : Administration of the beverage increased significantly the rest level of blood Na, Cl and glucose and decreased significantly lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase. No difference was found in exercise performance, rectal temperature increment or HSP70 concentration between groups. CONCLUSIONS : Administration of a sports drink containing Schizandra chinensis altered blood glucose, lactate dehydrogenase, glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase, Na and Cl levels.