• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제67권3호
• /
• pp.413-418
• /
• 2018

In this paper, we describe the development of a non-enzymatic glucose sensor based on copper nanocubes(Cu NCs) electroplated laser induced graphene(LIG) electrodes which can detect a certain range of glucose concentrations. $CO_2$ laser equipment was used to form LIG electrodes on the PI film. This fabrication method allows easy control of the LIG electrode size and shape. The Cu NCs were electrochemically deposited on the LIG electrodes to improve electron transfer rates and thus enhancing electrocatalytic reaction with glucose. The average sheet resistances before and after electroplating were $15.6{\Omega}/{\Box}$ and $19.6{\Omega}/{\Box}$, respectively, which confirmed that copper nanocubes were formed on the laser induced graphene electrodes. The prepared electrode was used to measure the current according to glucose concentration using an electrochemical method. The LIG electrodes with Cu NCs demonstrated a high degree of sensitivity ($1643.31{\mu}A/mM{\cdot}cm^2$), good stability with a linear response to glucose ranging from 0.05 mM to 1 mM concentration, and a limit of detection of 0.05 mM. In order to verify that these electrodes can be used as flexible devices, the electrodes were bent to $30^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, and $180^{\circ}$ and cyclic voltammetry measurements were taken while the electrodes were bent. The measured data showed that the peak voltage was almost constant at 0.42 V and the signal was stable even in the flexed condition. Therefore, it is concluded that these electrodes can be used in flexible sensors for detecting glucose in the physiological sample like saliva, tear or sweat.

• 센서학회지
• /
• 제23권4호
• /
• pp.278-283
• /
• 2014

In this study, we propose an immunosensor using zinc oxide nanorods (NRs) inside PDMS channel for detecting the influenza A virus subtype H7N9. ZnO with high isoelectric point (IEP, ~9.5) makes it suitable for immobilizing proteins with low IEP. In this proposed H7N9 immunosensor structure ZnO NRs were grown on the PDMS channel inner surface to immobilize H7N9 capture antibody. A sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method with was used 3,3',5,5' tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) for detecting H7N9 influenza virus. The immunosensor was evaluated by amperometry at various H7N9 influenza antigen concentrations (1 pg/ml - 1 ng/ml). The redox peak voltage and current were measured by amperometry with ZnO NWs and without ZnO NWs inside PDMS channel. The measurement results of the H7N9 immunosensor showed that oxidation peak current of TMB at 0.25 V logarithmically increased from 2.3 to 3.8 uA as the H7N9 influenza antigen concentration changed from 1 pg/ml to 1 ng/ml. And then we demonstrated that ZnO NRs inside PDMS channel can improve the sensitivity of immunosensor to compare non-ZnO NRs inside PDMS channel.

• 한국진공학회지
• /
• 제6권S1호
• /
• pp.96-109
• /
• 1997

In order to simulate the corrosion behavior of Zr-4 alloy in pressurized water reactors it was implanted (or bombarded) with 190ke V $Zr^+\; and \;Ar^+$ ions at liquid nitrogen temperature and room temperature respectively up to a dose of $5times10^{15} \sim 8\times10^{16} \textrm{ions/cm}^2$ The oxidation behavior and electrochemical vehavior were studied on implanted and unimplanted samples. The oxidation kinetics of the experimental samples were measured in pure oxygen at 923K and 133.3Pa. The corrosion parameters were measured by anodic polarization methods using a princeton Applied Research Model 350 corrosion measurement system. Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) and X-ray Photoelectric Spectroscopy (XPS) were employed to investigate the distribution and the ion valence of oxygen and zirconium ions inside the oxide films before and after implantation. it was found tat: 1) the $Zr^+$ ion implantation (or bombardment) enhanced the oxidation of Zircaloy-4 and resulted in that the oxidation weight gain of the samples at a dose of $8times10^{16}\textrm{ions/cm}^2$ was 4 times greater than that of the unimplantation ones;2) the valence of zirconium ion in the oxide films was classified as $Zr^0,Zr^+,Zr^{2+},Zr^{3+}\; and \;Zr^{4+}$ and the higher vlence of zirconium ion increased after the bombardment ; 3) the anodic passivation current density is about 2 ~ 3 times that of the unimplanted samples; 4) the implantation damage function of the effect of ion implantation on corrosion resistance of Zr-4 alloy was established.

• 공업화학
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.114-121
• /
• 1997

합성한 Polyphenylenediamine(PPD)와 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole(DMcT)을 다양한 비율로 혼합한 뒤 고분자 필름전지용 정극활물질을 제막하였다. 제막한 복합전극에 대해 SEM을 이용하여 도핑 전과 후의 표면구조의 변화를 관찰하였으며, 열적 안정성은 TGA를 이용하여 조사하였다. 또한 전기화학적 특성은 cyclic voltammetry를, 전기전도도는 dry box내에서 four-probe method를 이용하여 측정하였다. 제막한 필름의 열적 안정성은 $200^{\circ}C$ 이상이었으며, 전기전도도는 DMSO에서 제막한 후, 0.4% $LiCIO_4$로 도핑한 필름의 전기전도도가 가장 우수하였으며, 이 때의 값은 약 3S/cm이었다. 또한, 전기화학적 특성을 조사하여, DMcT가 PPD의 전기화학적 활성에 영향을 미침을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 전력전자학회논문지
• /
• 제25권4호
• /
• pp.251-260
• /
• 2020

A growing interest has emerged in recycling used automobile batteries into energy storage systems (ESSs) to prevent their harmful effects to the environment from improper disposal and to recycle such resources. To transform used batteries into ESSs, composing battery modules with similar performance by grading them is crucial. Imbalance among battery modules degrades the performance of an entire system. Thus, the selection of modules with similar performance and remaining life is the first prerequisite in the reuse of used batteries. In this study, we develop an instrument to measure the impedance spectrum of a battery module to predict the useful remaining life of the used battery. The developed hardware and software are used to apply the AC perturbation to the used battery module and measure its impedance spectrum. The developed instrument can measure the impedance spectrum of the battery module from 0.1 Hz to 1 kHz and calculate the equivalent circuit parameters through curve fitting. The performance of the developed instrument is verified by comparing the measured impedance spectra with those obtained by a commercial equipment.

• 자원리싸이클링
• /
• 제18권5호
• /
• pp.12-18
• /
• 2009

고분자전해질 연료전지용 캐소드 촉매로서 화학환원법을 이용하여 20% Pt/C 제조하고 다양한 온도($300-600^{\circ}C$)열처리하여 산소환원반응을 평가하였다 $300-400^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 20% Pt/C가 높은 산소환원반응 활성을 나타냈으며, 특히 $300^{\circ}C$에서 열처리한 촉매를 0.6V에서의 정전위를 측정한결과, 열처리하지 않은 촉매에 비해서 산소환원 반응 활성정도가 2배 높게 나타났다. TEM 및 XRD 분석을 이용하여 조사한 결과, 열처리 온도가 높아짐에 따라서 백금 입자 크기가 커지고 결정화도가 증가하는 것을 확인하였다. 이러한 결과에서 산소환원반응 활성을 위한 백금의 입자 크기와 결정화도가 $300^{\circ}C$에서 최적화되는 것으로 판단된다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.110-115
• /
• 2009

At the onset of corrosion of steel in concrete, hydrogen ions usually evolve in the process of electrochemical reaction, thereby decreasing the pH of the pore solution, which can be buffered by cement hydration products, as being representatively illustrated by calcium hydroxide. Hence, a fall in the pH is dependent on properties of cement hydration (i.e. hydration products and degree of hydration). The present study tested acid neutralization capacity (ANC) of cementitious binders of OPC(Ordinary Portland Cement), 30% PFA(Pulverized Fuel Ash), 60% GGBS(Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag), 10% SF(Silica Fume) to quantify the resistance of cement matrix to a pH fall. Cement pastes were cast at 0.4 of a free W/C ratio with 1.5% chlorides by weight of binder in cast. Powder samples obtained crushed and ground specimen after 200 days of curing were diluted in still water combined with different levels of 1M nitric acid solution, ranging from 0.5 to 20 mol/kg. Then, the pH of diluted solution was monitored until any further change in the pH did not take place. It was seen that the pH of the diluted solution gradually decreased as the molar amount of nitric acid increased. At some particular values of the pH, however, a decrease in the pH was marginal, which can be expressed in the peak resistances to a pH fall in the ANC curve. The peaks occurred at the variations in the pH, depending on binder type, but commonly at about 12.5 in the pH, indicate a resistance of precipitated calcium hydroxide. The measurement of water soluble chloride at the end of test showed that the amount of free chloride was significantly increased at the pH corresponding to the peaks in the ANC curve, which may reflect the adsorption of hydration products to chlorides.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.432-438
• /
• 2007

The reforming process for hydrogen production generates some impurities. Impurities in hydrogen such as $CO_2$, CO, $H_2S$, $NH_3$ affect fuel cell performance. It is well known that CO generated by the reforming process may negatively affect performance of cell, cause damage on catalysts resulting performance degradation. Hydrogen produced by reforming process includes about 2% methane. The presence of methane up to 10% is reported negligible degradation in cell performance. However, methane more than 10% in hydrogen stream had not been researched. The concentration of impurity supplied to the fuel cell was verified by gas chromatography(GC). In this study, the influence of $CH_4$ on performance of PEM fuel cell was investigated by means of current vs. potential experiment, long run(10 hr) test and electrochemical impedance measurement when the concentrations of impurities were 10%, 20% and 30%.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
• /
• 제8권3호
• /
• pp.137-141
• /
• 1997

The effects of Ag addition to Zr-based hydrogen storage alloys ($Zr_{0.7}Ti_{0.3}V_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}Mn_{0.4}$, $Zr_{0.7}Ti_{0.3}V_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}Mn_{0.3}Cr_{0.1}$ and $Zr_{0.6}Ti_{0.4}V_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}Mn_{0.3}Fe_{0.1}$) on the electrode properties were examined. Ag-free and Ag-added Ze-based alloys were prepared by arc melting, crushed mechanically, and subjected to the electrochemical measurement. In $Zr_{0.7}Ti_{0.3}V_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}Mn_{0.4}$ alloy, 0.08 wt% Ag addition to the alloy improved the activation rate. Also Ag addition improved both activation property and discharge capacity in $Zr_{0.7}Ti_{0.3}V_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}Mn_{0.3}Cr_{0.1}$. For these Ag-added alloys, discharge capacities with the change of charge-discharge current density(10mA, 15mA and 30mA) are almost constant. Showing very high rate capability, discharge capacity of $Zr_{0.6}Ti_{0.4}V_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}Mn_{0.3}Fe_{0.1}$ alloy increased by Ag addition to the alloy. When the amount of Ag addition in $Zr_{0.7}Ti_{0.3}V_{0.4}Ni_{1.2}Mn_{0.4}$ alloy increased too much, the electrode properties became worse. Unveiling mechanism of effect of Ag addition is now progressing in our laboratory.

• 한국가스학회지
• /
• 제2권4호
• /
• pp.34-41
• /
• 1998

순철과 스테인리스강 위에 $A1_2O_3,\;Ta_2O_5$ 및 $ZrO_2$의 산화물을 RF스파터링법으로 피복시켜, 피막과 모재와의 밀착성 평가, 피복강에 대한 부식거동 및 피막결함률에 대하여 고찰을 실시하였다. 미소경도시험에서 밀착성지수 $\chi$를 이용하여 산화물피막의 밀착성을 평가할 수 있었다. 임계부동화전류밀도법은 세라믹피복강재의 결함률을 평가하는데 유용한 수단임을 알 수 있었다.