• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.257-267
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• 2000

This study was carried out to compare the nutrients intakes, factors to influence on nutrient intake and frequency of food group intake between the two gruops of elderly living in Yangcheon, Seoul(n=105) and in Yongin(n=159). The results obtained by cross-sectional survey using questionnaires were as follows. 1) The average age of the subjects was 71.9 and there was no significant difference in age and gender distribution according to the residential areas. 2) The intakes of energy, protein, Fe, vitamin A, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C were significantly higher in the urban elderly than those of the rural elderly(p<0.05).3) The average daily intakes of energy, protein, Ca and Fe of the subjects were lower than those of the Korean RDAs in general and the rural elderly showed more severe deficiencies. 4) Individual nutrient intakes and food group intakes were related to the pocket money, number of different foods taken daily, education level, residential area, and the degree of exercise. These results suggested the needs of nutrition intervention for the low-income, rural elderly.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.934-941
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the effect of family type on the nutrient intake and nutritional status in elderly women. Blood samples and anthropometric data of elderly women aged from 60 to 78 years were collected in 1996, who visited a health examination center in Seoul to screen their health status. They were divided into two groups by their family type, one was extended family(extended family elderly, n=37) and the other was independently living(independently living, n=29). Nutrients intake was measured by interview using a simplified questionaire. Albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride(TG), hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit, Ca, Mg, and alkaline phosphatase activity of serum were analyzed. Intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate, Fe, vitamin A, niacin, thiamin, riboflavin, and vitamin C were not different between the two groups. However, fat and Ca intakes were higher(p<0.05) in extended family elderly than indepen dently living elderly. There are no significant difference in hematocrit value and serum concentrations of Hb, TG, and Ca. Serum Mg and cholesterol levels tended to be higher in extended family elderly. However, serum albumin level was lower(p<0.05) in extended family elderly. These results show that the indepen dently living elderly women had intakes of daily energy, fat and Ca compared to the extended family elderly. Therefore, the nutritional education for the independently living elderly will be focused on the health risk resulted from less intakes of Ca and total energy.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.153-159
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• 2015

This study was conducted to develop food for the elderly, which are well-shaped and easy to chew and swallow. The amounts of water and gelatin were adjusted to facilitate breaking down of the food with the tongue. In the aging society, it is necessary to support the development of a variety of products that can ease the intake functions of swallowing and chewing, while complementing with the essential nutrients supplements; such products can be actively commercialized in the elderly industry. Various types of food, for elderly with difficulties in chewing and swallowing, were used for sensory assessment. Sensory panel consisted of 10 dietitians (10 women) in nursing care facilities. The sensory optimal composite recipes were determined by central composite design (CCD). The sensory measurements were significantly different in the appearance (p<0.01), saltiness (p<0.01) and overall quality (p<0.01). The optimum formulation of pan fried flat fish, calculated by numerical and graphical method, was 8.54 g of salt and 6.34 g of olive oil. Moisture content, hardness, and adhesiveness of pan fried flat fish were 84.77%, 250, and -1.20, respectively. The result showed that easily chewable and swallowable pan fried flat fish for the elderly will have sufficient competitiveness, considering its safety, taste, and preference. This study may provide the basic materials for the development of easily chewable and swallowable foods for elderly.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.517-526
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• 2015

This study was carried out to determine the depression symptoms and nutritional status of elderly females that ate congregate meals at lunch in rural Pocheon. The subjects were 18 elderly females aged over 65 ($75.7{\pm}4.6$ years) and information on smoking, subjective health status, depression symptoms and malnutrition risk were collected using a questionnaire administered with the help of trained research assistants. Measurements included mid-arm circumference and calf circumference. Food consumption for 3 days during breakfast and supper were determined by 24-hour recall and food consumption at lunch was determined as the difference between the amounts served and the plate waste. All data were compared between two age groups (${\leq}75$ and > 75). The subjects had the lowest nutrient adequacy ratio (NAR) for vitamin $B_6$ (0.523), followed by calcium and niacin and the lowest index of nutrient quality (INQ) for calcium (0.738). The older elderly had significantly lower NAR for vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$ and niacin as well as significantly lower mean adequacy ratio (MAR) compared to the young elderly. They also had significantly lower INQ for vitamin $B_1$ and vitamin C and significantly thinner arm circumference (28.3 cm vs. 31.3 cm). They consumed more than 40% of their daily intake for each nutrient at lunch. Higher proportions of nutrient intake from lunch provided evidence of the importance of congregate meals, suggesting that the government and society should support congregate meals to improve nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2019

Objectives: This study analyzed the education participation reasons and deterrents of dietitians who work in welfare facilities for the elderly. Methods: The survey was completed by 144 dietitians working at welfare facilities for the elderly in Korea. The survey was conducted in October, 2018, both on-line and off-line, based on the demographic characteristics, work status on welfare facilities for the elderly, Participation Reasons Scale (PRS) and Deterrents to Participation Scale (DPS-G). The data were analyzed using frequency analysis, descriptive analysis, factor analysis, reliability analysis, regressive analysis using SPSS ver. 25.0. Results: The reason for participation were divided into three factors: 'Responsibility of professional and self-development ($5.76{\pm}1.04$)', 'Job stability and personal benefits ($4.98{\pm}1.28$)', and 'Interaction and development of professional competencies ($5.85{\pm}1.00$)'. 'Interaction and development of professional competencies' was the highest motivation factor. Also, the deterrents for participation were divided into four factors: 'Dispositional barrier ($2.70{\pm}1.29$)', 'Dissatisfaction of education usability ($3.39{\pm}1.38$)', 'Institutional barrier ($4.21{\pm}1.45$)', and 'Situational barrier ($2.36{\pm}1.30$)'. 'Institutional barrier' showed the highest deterrents factor. In addition, 'Responsibility of professional and self-development' and 'Interaction and development of professional competencies' were negative attributes for 'Dispositional barrier' (p<0.001). Conclusions: These results provide basic data to promote participation in education and contribute to the improvement of their job ability and education capacity of the food and nutrition management of welfare facilities for the elderly.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.542-552
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to investigate dietary habits and food compliance in stroke patients. One-hundred sixty eight elderly stroke patients and 97 young patients with first -ever stroke admitted to Asan Medical Center between 1994 and 1998 were studied. Using a structured interview, we assessed food intake. food consumption frequency and compliance to low salt, low meat hight fish and high fruit and vegetable diets. These results were analyzed with X$^2$, t-tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the SAS package program. Salted food intake and cholesterol-containing food frequency were increased whereas frequency of fruits and vegetables intake was decreased in young stroke patients compared to the elderly. Meat intake and cholesterol-containing food frequency were increased in the males compared to the females in elderly stroke patients. and fish intake and cholesterol-containing food frequency were higher in the males than the females in the young. In patients with high economic status, frequency of fruits and vegetables was elevated. Also compliance the low meat and high fruit and vegetable diet in young patients was lower than that in the elderly. When the life-style risk factors influencing the food intake of frequency of fruits and vegetables was affected by education in young stroke patients. In elderly stroke patients, meat intake frequency of cholesterol-containing foods and fruits and vegetables were influenced by sex and /or income. Our results suggest that dietary intake of salt meat ,cholesterol-containing foods. fruits and vegetables in stroke patients may vary with age, sex the presence of risk factors or economic status therefore guidelines and nutrition education should by formulated to prevent stroke recurrence based on dietary habits and risk factors of individual patients.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.242-251
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• 2020

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study was conducted to examine disparities in food and nutrient intakes based on family types identified among 1,856 participants who were the Korean elderly people in the 6th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES) excluding those who were currently practicing the diet therapy. SUBJECTS/METHODS: We separated the subjects into two groups: living alone (LA, n = 638) and living with a spouse (LS, n = 1,218). We also examined the disparities of dietary quantity and quality of those two groups using complex sampling design general linear regression analyses (CS GLM). RESULTS: In the LA group, there was a higher percentage of females and average age in LA group was higher than the participants in the LS group. Household income and education level were significantly lower in LA compared to those of LS. The frequencies of skipping meals were higher in LA. LA's food and nutrient intakes showed lower consumption of vegetables, fruits, seaweeds, and of most nutrients. Even after adjusting for the confounding factors, the consumption of vegetables, seaweeds, carbohydrates, potassium, riboflavin, and vitamin C showed lower in LA than LS. Moreover, LA's nutrient intake ratios compared to the KDRIs were lower which turned out to be similar to their nutrient intakes. CONCLUSIONS: These results show that dietary behavior and food intake of the elderly are associated with family types. Frequently skipping meals and less dietary variety are more common with elderly persons who were living alone. Therefore, it is necessary to integrate the supplementary food programs and nutrition education programs for the elderly living alone.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.973-981
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of the study is to investigate the correlation with subjective oral health status and food preference in elderly people. Methods: Data were extracted from the fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey 2010-2012. The survey data included general characteristics of the subjects, food preference, and subjective oral health status. Food preference was analyzed by assigning score to 63 food categories. The subjective oral health status consisted of toothache within a month, self-perception of oral health, chewing difficulty, mastication difficulty, and speaking difficulty. Data were analyzed by frequency analysis, descriptive statistics, ${\chi}^2$ test, t-test, and ANOVA using SPSS 22.0 program. Results: Elderly men had a tendency to have a liking for all food categories except for fruit. Difficulty in chewing and mastication was shown in those who had older age, lower education, lower monthly income, and national basic livelihood security. Difficulty in speaking was found in those who had older age, lower education, and national basic livelihood security. Self perception of oral health status was closely related to food preference for pulses and potatoes, fish, vegetables and others(p<0.05). Difficulties in chewing and mastication had relation to all food categories excepting cereals, lipids and sugars(p<0.05). Speaking difficulty were significantly different in pulses, potatoes, meat, eggs, vegetables, fruits, milk, dairy products, and others(p<0.05). Conclusions: Poor subjective oral health status was closely related to food preference. It is necessary to educate that maintenance of good oral health is to ingest the balanced nutrition in the elderly people.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.15 no.5
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• pp.849-858
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• 2006

This research aimed to survey problems related to the elderly's purchasing trends and habitual use of health food; it was in order to effectively prevent the monetary and health damage to the elderly of health foods. In February 2006, the data were collected from 271 of the elderly people living in Goyang-si, Kyunggi-Do. The results of the study indicated: first, more than 50% of the respondents had much interest in health foods, and 42.8% of them answered they were taking health foods. Second, about 62% of 116 respondents who were taking health foods were taking one kind of them, for the purpose of maintaining and improving their health condition. Third, the major information regarding health foods was acquired from their family members, relatives and friends, or TV, radio and journals. Lastly, 75% of respondents even did not know whether there was a relief system for damage related to health foods.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.1067-1083
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• 2022

The objectives of this study were to classify the types of elderly households and to compare the characteristics of their dietary lifestyle. Panel data surveyed by Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI) for Food Purchase Attitudes over three years (2019 - 2021) were utilized for the analysis. Through a factor analysis, five common factors were extracted out of 19 basic variables related to dietary style, which indicate two kinds of consumer competency index (safe diet, traditional diet) and three kinds of purchase frequency (healthy food, meat & fish, fresh seafood). Applying the cluster analysis method, by using socioeconomic variables along the five common factors, elderly households aged 60 or older were grouped into four types. As a result, Type 1 elderly households accounted for 50.8%, Type 2 for 16.2%, Type 3 for 27.8%, and Type 4 for 5.2% out of all 870 elderly households. Type 1 is characterized as a low-income vulnerable class with a poor diet, Type 2 as a middle-income class with a healthy food-oriented diet, whereas Type 3 was classified as a middle-income class with a meat-oriented diet, and Type 4 as a high-income class with diverse dietary culture. It is necessary to expand the agri-food voucher pilot project to the entire country and also increase the monthly subsidy for the Type 1 elderly households. Implementing community kitchen projects for elderly single-person households, promoting senior internships by providing incentives to companies that employ retirees, the provision of education by local governments on a safe and balanced diet for Types 2 and 3, and the promotion of an elderly-friendly social environment are also recommended.