• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.168-181
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• 2004

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identified patterns of studies and to analyze the nursing research related to the massage intervention in Korea and to improve direction of nursing research in massage intervention in Korea. Methods: The research studies related to the massage were selected from the Korean Nurses Academic Society Journal and dissertation which were conducted experimental research design the last 7 years in Korea. The total numbers of the studies were 58. Result: The study subjects were post operational state in 34.5%, healthy adult in 17.2% studies. The others dealt with infant, cancer, dementia, hypertension, preterm neonates, elderly. Types of massage were whole body in 31.1%, foot in 22.6%, hand in 17.2%, back in 13.8% studies. And Meridian massage in 17.2%. Length of massage was below 5 minutes in 17.2%, 6~10 minutes in 29.4% and 11~20 minutes in 32.8% studies. Frequency of massage was only 1 time in 25.9%, 2~5 times in 31.1% studies. Massage produced psychological and physiological effects. Positive psychologic effects were anxiety relief, pain relief, mood enhancement and fatigue relief. Positive physiologic effects on body systems were blood pressure, heart rate, edema, skin temperature, immune system, blood glucose, excretion, PMS syndrome and growth and development. Conclusion: As a result, effects of massage were almost positive. Therefore massage is useful alternative nursing intervention. But more attention research is needed to identify the objectivity instrument to measure and repeat research.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2015

Alzheimer's disease is a common form of dementia occurring among the elderly population and can be identified by symptoms such as cognition impairments, memory loss and neuronal dysfunction. Alzheimer's disease was found to be caused by the deposition of $\beta$-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles. In addition, mutation in the APP (Amyloid precursor protein), Presenilin 1 (PSEN1) and Presenilin 2 (PSEN2) genes were also found to contribute to Alzheimer's disease. Since the potential conformational diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease requires histopathological tests on brain through autopsy, potential early diagnosis still remains challenging. In recent years, several researches have proposed the use of biomarkers for early diagnosis. In cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), $\beta$-amyloid(1-42), phosphorylated-tau and total tau were suggested to be effective biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis. However, a single biomarker might not be sufficient for potential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, the use of RNA interference (RNAi) through microRNAs (miRNAs) has been proposed by several researchers for simultaneous analysis of several biomarkers using microarray technology. These miRNA based biomarkers can be analysed from both blood and CSF, but miRNAs from blood are advantageous over CSF as they are non-invasive and simple for collection. Moreover, the RNAi based therapeutics by siRNA (short interference RNA) or shRNA (short hairpin RNA) have also been proposed to be effective in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. This review describes the promising application of RNAi technology in therapeutics and as a biomarker for both Alzheimer's disease diagnosis and treatment.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.85-91
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• 2017

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder of insidious onset that causes gradual loss of memory and cognitive function, and it is the most common form of dementia in the elderly. AD is characterized by neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, together with loss of neuronal cells. The major neuropathological hallmark of AD is the accumulation of extracellular neurotoxic ${\beta}-amyloid$ ($A{\beta}$) peptides, such as $A{\beta}1-42$, in the brain. In the present study, we investigated the effect of sargachromenol (SCM), sargaquinoic acid (SQA) and sargahydroquinoic acid (SHQA) isolated from Sargassum serratifoilum ethanol extract (SSE) on $A{\beta}$ production in vitro using APP751-transfected Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-751). CHO-751 cells were treated with various concentrations of SSE, SCM, SQA and SHQA, and the level of extracellular $A{\beta}1-42$ was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. SSE and SHQA reduced the production of $A{\beta}1-42$ in CHO-751 cells. Therefore, SHQA isolated from S. serratifolium has potential as an inhibitor of neurotoxic $A{\beta}$ peptide production.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.191-199
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare sociodemographic characteristics of a normal cognitive group and mild cognitive impairment group, and establish prediction models of Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). Methods: This study was a secondary data analysis research using data from "the 4th Korea Longitudinal Study of Ageing" of the Korea Employment Information Service. A total of 6,405 individuals, including 1,329 individuals with MCI and 5,076 individuals with normal cognitive abilities, were part of the study. Based on the panel survey items, the research used 28 variables. The methods of analysis included a χ²-test, logistic regression analysis, decision tree analysis, predicted error rate, and an ROC curve calculated using SPSS 23.0 and SAS 13.2. Results: In the MCI group, the mean age was 71.4 and 65.8% of the participants was women. There were statistically significant differences in gender, age, and education in both groups. Predictors of MCI determined by using a logistic regression analysis were gender, age, education, instrumental activity of daily living (IADL), perceived health status, participation group, cultural activities, and life satisfaction. Decision tree analysis of predictors of MCI identified education, age, life satisfaction, and IADL as predictors. Conclusion: The accuracy of logistic regression model for MCI is slightly higher than that of decision tree model. The implementation of the prediction model for MCI established in this study may be utilized to identify middle-aged and elderly people with risks of MCI. Therefore, this study may contribute to the prevention and reduction of dementia.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.49 no.2
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• pp.182-187
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• 2018

Many plant derived phytochemicals have been considered as the main therapeutic strategy against Alzheimer's disease (AD). AD is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, and the most predominant cause of dementia in the elderly. Cholinergic deficit, senile plaque/${\beta}$-amyloid ($A{\beta}$) peptide deposition and oxidative stress have been identified as three main pathogenic pathways which contribute to the progression of AD. We screened many different plant species for their effective use in both modern and traditional system of medicines. In this study, we tested that MeOH extract of the stem bark of Hopea chinensis (Merr.) Hand.-Mazz. (HCM) affects on the processing of Amyloid precursor portein (APP) from the APPswe over-expressing Neuro2a cell line. We showed that HCM reduced the secretion level of $A{\beta}42$ and $A{\beta}40$ in a dose dependent manner. We found that HCM increased over 1.5 folds of the secretion level of $sAPP{\alpha}$, a metabolite of ${\alpha}$-secretase. Furthermore, we found that HCM inhibited acetylcholinesterase activity in vitro. We suggest that the stem bark of Hopea chinensis may be a useful source to develop a therapeutics for AD.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.99-115
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• 2000

This study was conducted to get a resonable set of budget allocation to public health programs. Matrix Delphi technique was used to obtain the logic of study results and eventually to form a human model which could predict opinion of professionals on budget allocation. Thirty-two professionals in academic and governmental area responded to Delphi survey. Questionnaire was developed using matrix formation, and the matrix was formed by 6 decision criteria on budget allocation and 26 public health programs. The decision criteria are as following: size of problem(morbidity), severity of problem, social equity, importance of prevention, technical feasibility and efficiency of programs. Severity of problem dropped out of the model because it had significant correlation with the size of problem. A total score of each program was obtained by weighting the relative importance of each criteria which also were given by survey respondents. These total scores indicate that the most important public health program is vaccination for infants and children in terms of budget allocation. Monitoring communicable diseases, mental health program, and anti-smoking program are the next. In addition, respondents were asked of the desirable budget size of each program. The result was rearranged by multiple regression model using the scores of each decision criteria. In this process, the current budget size of central government was provided to the respondents, and included in the model. h set of desirable budgets modified using tile model was obtained. Considering the current size of budget, tile results of the model is very different from that of the total score. Managing dementia is ranked the first. Health promotion program for the elderly, rehabilitation of the disabled and monitoring communicable diseases are the next. The need to increase the budget of vaccination for the infants and children was not found as so high. The matrix structure in Delphi survey gave us the precise basis to make optimal decision, and made it possible to develop an opinion predicting model. However the plentifulness and diversity of professional opinions were not fully obtained due to the limited number of decision criteria.

• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.31-38
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• 2008

Nursing Homes are different from other medical facilities, because they have a living space. And most of residents in a nursing home have dementia, therefore nursing homes are in control of outdoor activities for resident's safety and most of residents live in the living room at the daytime. The purpose of this study is analysis of spacial behaviors of residents in the living room, and reflection of the analysis into the architectural plan of nursing homes.There are two activities, individual activity and social interchange activity, in a living room and the role of a living room is semi-private space that includes both of them. Most numerous activities are watching TV and take a eat. Activities are different in accordance with the position at the living room. Individual activity and social interchange activity is same ratio in the middle and the ratio of social interchange activities are more than individuals in outside of living room. but alcove use of private.The types of living rooms are distinguished by combination of functions of livingroom, activity-room, and diningroom. The activity of use of residents have been shown different phases following the types of livingroom. The type of combination has been seen high rate of use and private activities and social communications are expressed evenly. The type of mixing has been seen low rae of use, but two activities, the above, are equal. The type of separation has been seen not only low rate of use, but also there has been only private activities.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.197-207
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• 2014

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the status and characteristics of visiting nurses' management for elders with cognitive impairment living in a community focused on health centers in a metropolitan city and five medium-sized cities. Methods: Data were collected from 47 visiting nurses working in a metropolitan city and 47 visiting nurses working in five medium-sized cities from November to December 2012. Results: There were no statistically significant differences in knowledge, attitudes, and nursing behaviors of cognitive impairment between two groups (F=2.13, p=.148; F=3.64, p=.060; F=0.28, p=.595). Among the elders referred to a physician in a metropolitan city by visiting nurses, 42.4% were diagnosed as mild cognitive impairment and 15.2% were diagnosed as severe dementia. The major intervention programs which visiting nurses currently applied for elders were medication and exercise intervention programs, and the intervention programs which they would want to apply in the future were playing, music and recall intervention programs. Conclusion: The cognitive impairment screening test can be done effectively by visiting nurses. This study also suggests to develop various kinds of intervention programs to improve cognitive function for elders living in a community.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2007

Parkinson's disease is one of the most frequent neurodegenerative diseases, which mainly affects the elderly. Parkinson's disease is often difficult to differentiate from atypical parkinson diorder such as progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, dementia with Lewy body, and corticobasal ganglionic degeneration, based on the clinical findings because of the similarity of phenotypes and lack of diagnostic markers. The accurate diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and atypical Parkinson disorders is not only important for deciding on treatment regimens and providing prognosis, but also it is critical for studies designed to investigate etiology and pathogenesis of parkinsonism and to develop new therapeutic strategies. Although degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopamine system results in marked loss of striatal dopamine content in most of the diseases causing parkinsonism, pathologic studies revealed different topographies of the neuronal cell loss in Parkisonism. Since the regional cerebral glucose metabolism is a marker of integrated local synaptic activity and as such is sensitive to both direct neuronal/synaptic damage and secondary functional disruption at synapses distant from the primary site of pathology, an assessment of the regional cerebral glucose metabolism with F-18 FDG PET is useful in the differential diagnosis of parkinsonism and evaluating the pathophysiology of parkisonism.

• Journal of The Korean Dental Society of Anesthesiology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.146-152
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• 2011

Background: Elderly patients with progressive dementia including Alzheimer's disease (AD) are more and more often scheduled to undergo general anesthesia for various pathologies including dental problem. But, there is high risk of deterioration of underlying mental diseases and other co-morbidities. So it is important to implement preventive strategies and take adequate measures to minimize negative perioperative events in these patients. Methods: We reviewed the 17 cases of 11 patients with AD who underwent ambulatory general anesthesia for dental treatment at the clinic for the disabled in Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Results: The mean age was 68 (57-81) years. All of them were diagnosed with AD and some had hypertsnsion, bronchiectasis, urinary incontinence. For anesthesia induction, 3 cases (1 patient) was needed physical restraint, but others showed good or moderate cooperation. Drugs used for anesthesia induction was thiopental (11 cases), propofol (3 cases) and sevoflurane (3 cases). All patients received nasotracheal intubation without difficulties. Mean total anesthetic time was 3 hour 44 min ${\pm}$ 60 min and staying time at PACU was 83 ${\pm}$ 34 min. All the patients except one who showed hypertension discharged without any complication. There was no death or long term hospitalization because of severe complications. Conclusions: If general anesthesia is needed, pertinent diagnostic tests and workup about other medical problems, and appropriate anesthetic planning are essential for safety.