• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.165-169
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• 2007

A differential specific pattern of variation in the metabolism of protein and cholesterol was noticed in non -diapause and diapause eggs due to the significant differences in embryonic development. The rate of metabolism was different due to specific demands of such metabolites during active embryogenesis and maintenance of diapause respectively. In general, the metabolic rate was found to be accelerated in non- diapause eggs just after egg deposition, while it was very slow in diapause eggs. When the diapause eggs were treated with hydrochloric acid within 16-20 hrs, the rate of turnover was found to very similar to non- diapause eggs, though the base level of protein and cholesterol was recorded to be different.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.250-256
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• 2011

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of whole egg supplementation on the blood lipid profiles and cholesterol levels of C57BL/6 mice. Sixty-six mice were divided into two groups: normal-diet supplemented and high-cholesterol diet supplemented. Lyophilized whole egg powder was mixed with the two diets at 2 and 10%: normal diet only, normal diet with 2 and 10% whole egg powder, high cholesterol diet only, high cholesterol diet with 2 and 10% whole egg powder. The mixed diets were fed for 5 wk and feeding condition (body weight change, feed intake, and feed efficiency ratio (FER)), blood lipid profiles (total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein cholesterol, hepatic and fecal lipids (TG, TC)), and fecal bile acids were determined. No significant differences were found in body weight gain or FER after whole egg supplementation in both the normal and high-cholesterol diet fed groups. In the normal-diet fed mice, HDL-C increased significantly in the 2 and 10% whole-egg powder groups. In the high-cholesterol diet fed mice, administering 10% egg powder increased the atherogenic index compared to the control. Furthermore, administration of whole egg powder increased fecal bile acids dose dependently (p<0.05). These results indicate that administering 2% hen whole egg powder did not affect blood lipid profiles and was more beneficial for health by increasing HDL-C and aiding in the excretion of cholesterol by fecal bile acids than those in the control.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.371-376
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• 2012

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of wild grape (Vitis coignetiae) on egg qualities. Laying hens were randomly assigned to three different dietary groups containing 0, 0.25, and 0.5% of wild grape and fed for 8 weeks, respectively. Eggs were collected after feeding period and stored at $4^{\circ}C$ for 7 days. Egg quality traits and cholesterol level of egg yolk were measured at 0 and 7 days of storage. There were no significant differences in total cholesterol content of egg yolk and egg shell thickness among the treatments. However, egg weights of wild grape-fed groups significantly increased compared to that of control. Dietary supplementation of 0.25% wild grape increased the shell and yolk colors compared to the control. Dietary supplementation of 0.5% wild grape significantly increased albumen height and Haugh unit and decreased egg shell hardness and pH values at day 0. However, no differences were found after 7 days of storage. Consequently, the dietary supplementation of wild grape improved the egg qualities on some extent including egg weights, shell and yolk color, albumen height, and Haugh unit.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.41-46
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• 1998

The aims of this study are conducted to investigate the effect of Duck's egg oil no new functional characteristics in the diabetics induced by streptozotocin(STZ) and inhibition of antitumor activity toward Sarcoma-180 bearing mice. Serum glucose content by administration of Duck's egg oil in diabetic group induced by STZ were maintained with normal state than that of control. Phospholipid and triglyceride contents were significant decrease in group of administration with Duck's egg oil than that of control group. Total cholesterol, LDL + VLDL cholesterol and atherosclerotic index were decreased in the group of treatment of Duck's egg oil when does level compared with that of control group. On the other hand, the growth inhibition of the Sarcoma-180 showed the highest level of 63.89% when 150㎎/㎏ Duck's egg oil administrated. The life prolongation effect showed 19.7% at dose of 150㎎/㎏.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.179-196
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• 2019

We investigated the effect of high density lipoprotein from egg yolk (EYHDL) on serum, hepatic and fecal lipid and fatty acids (FAs) levels and on gene expression involved in FAs metabolism. Male KM mice were fed either normal diet (ND; n=20), high fat diet (HFD; n=20), or high fat diet containing EYHDL (EYHDL; 0.6 mg/g, every day by oral gavage, n=20) for 100 days. At the end of the experiment, the effects of treatments on biochemical parameters, FAs profiles and involved gene expression were analyzed. Our results revealed that EYHDL markedly suppressed the body weight gain, accumulation of abdominal fat tissues, serum concentrations of LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglycerides, hepatic triglycerides and cholesterol accumulation, while increased serum concentration of HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C). EYHDL intake also increased total cholesterol (TC) excretions compared with HFD group. Moreover, it alleviated the severity of fatty liver and improved glucose and insulin tolerance compared with HFD. More importantly, EYHDL partially normalized FAs profiles in serum, liver and fecaces and neutralized the HFD-induced upregulation of SREBP-1c, Acaca, Fasn, GPAT and Scd1. In conclusion, our findings indicate that EYHDL may have the potential to improve metabolic disturbances that occur in HFD mice and can be considered as an appropriate dietary recommendation for the treatment of metabolic syndrome (MetS).

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.609-616
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• 2010

This study was conducted to determine the effects of dietary low grade soybean, fermented with Aspergillus oryzae (FSB 1) or Bacillus subtilis var. natto (FSB 2), on egg production and quality, fat and cholesterol content, and the fatty acid (FA) profile of eggs by lipid layer. A total of 18 Hi-Line strain layers, 22 wk of age, were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments: no fermented soybean (control), control with 15% FSB 1 (C + FSB 1), and control with 15% FSB 2 (C + FSB 2). The rate of egg production and egg weight were evaluated between two periods: one was from the 1st to 4th wk and the other was from the 5th to 8th wk. At the 8th wk, a total of 30 eggs were randomly selected from each treatment group and analyzed for physical quality, fat content, fatty acid composition and cholesterol content. The results showed that egg production was increased in hens fed with diets containing fermented soybeans from the 5th to 8th wk period (p<0.01). A similar tendency was observed through eight weeks' cumulative egg production (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in egg production between the C + FSB 1 and C + FSB 2 treatment groups (p>0.05). Egg weight and other physical properties did not vary between treatment groups (p>0.05). Egg yolks among different treatment groups were similar in fat content, but egg yolks in the C + FSB 1 and C + FSB 2 groups had lower oleic acid (p<0.05), higher linoleic, ${\alpha}$-linolenic, and arachidonic acids (p<0.01), and lower cholesterol content (p<0.05) than those in the control group. In conclusion, supplementation of fermented low grade soybeans might be useful as a functional feedstuff to improve egg production and quality for a healthy human diet.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.13-18
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• 2002

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary activated coconut charcoal (ACC) on Performance, e99 quality and Plasma cholesterol level of Plasma in laying hens. One hundred forty four, 47-wk-old, ISA Brown commercial layers were used in a 28-d feeding trial after a 7-d adjustment Period. Four dietary treatments were 0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5e% levees of ACC supplemented to a corn-soybean meal basal diet. Egg Production was significantly increased as the levels of ACC increased. However, egg weight was significantly decreased by the addition of ACC in diets. Egg shell breaking strength tended to decrease as the level of ACC increased, however, no significance was found in this respect. As the levels of ACC increased, egg shell thickness decreased significantly. Although not significant, yolk color tended to increase by the addition of ACC. Egg folk index were significantly increased by the addition of ACC In diet. No significant difference was found among four treatments in total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, and LDL+VLDL cholesterol concentrations in plasma. In conclusion, dietary supplementation of ACC to layer diets could be used to increase egg Production, and yolk index.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.26 no.6
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• pp.831-837
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• 2013

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of Rhodobacter capsulatus KCTC-2583 on egg-yolk and serum cholesterol, egg production and quality parameters during the late laying periods in hens. A total of 160 Hy-Line Brown layers (54 wk-old) were randomly allotted to 4 treatment groups on the basis of laying performance. Each treatment had 4 replicates with 10 birds each (40 birds per treatment). Two hens were confined individually with cage size $35{\times}35{\times}40$ cm and each 10 birds (5 cages) shared a common feed trough between them forming one experimental unit. Dietary treatments were; basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15% R. capsulatus KCTC-2583. Experimental diets were fed in meal form for 56 d. Dietary supplementation of increasing levels of R. capsulatus KCTC-2583 reduced (linear, p<0.05) egg-yolk cholesterol and triglycerides (d 28, 42 and 56) concentrations. Also, serum cholesterol and triglycerides (d 21, 42 and 56) concentrations were linearly reduced (p<0.05) with increasing dietary R. capsulatus KCTC-2583. Laying hens fed a diet supplemented with increasing levels of R. capsulatus KCTC-2583 had increased (linear; p<0.05) overall egg production, egg weight, egg mass and feed efficiency. However, dietary treatments had no effect (linear or quadratic; p>0.05) on feed intake of laying hens. At d 28 and 56, breaking strength and yolk colour of eggs were linearly improved (p<0.05) in laying hens fed dietary increasing levels of R. capsulatus KCTC-2583. Dietary treatment had no effects (linear or quadratic; p>0.05) on albumin height, shell thickness and shell weight at any period of experiment. These results indicate that dietary supplementation of R. capsulatus KCTC-2583 has the potential to improve the laying hen performance and lead to the development of low cholesterol eggs during late laying period in Hy-Line Brown hens.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.1165-1170
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• 2003

A total of 250 laying hens were fed a diet containing 0, 1, 2.5 or 5% conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), and 5% Safflower seed oil (SSO) for 5 weeks, and eggs were collected by week to analyse lipid characteristics of egg yolk. Egg yolk from CLA-fed groups showed significant increase in CLA content with increased CLA in the diet. Dietary CLA also increased the ratio of saturated fatty acids and decreased unsaturated fatty acids in the egg yolk. The proportion of myristic, palmitic, stearic and CLA were increased, while those of oleic, linoleic, linolenic and arachidonic acid were decreased. The cholesterol content in egg yolk was significantly decreased by dietary CLA for 5 weeks feeding. After 7 days of feeding, 5% CLA-fed group showed the lowest cholesterol content in egg yolk. CLAfed groups showed significantly lower 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values compared to control and SSO-fed group after 14 days of storage. No significant differences in TBARS values among CLA-fed groups were observed at the 28 days of storage. Results suggested that lipid oxidation of egg yolk during cold storage could be inhibited by dietary CLA due not only to changes in fatty acid composition but also to the high concentration of CLA in egg yolk.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.980-985
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• 2000

Influences of Japanese green tea powder (GTP) supplementation to commercial diet on laying performance and egg quality were studied by using 60 laying hens. The experimental diet with or without 0.6% GTP was given ad libitum to the birds during the period from 6 to 71 weeks of age. The birds started egg production from 21 wk of age regardless GTP feeding. Body weight, feed intake, egg weight tended to decrease with GTP supplementation, while egg production rate tended to increase. Haugh unit score was significantly increased with GTP, which accompanied with the increased albumen height. These were observed almost throughout the laying period over 50 wk. Gel proportion in thick albumen was decreased as storage time is prolonged, then higher values of the gel proportion were recorded in the eggs from GTP group. Thick albumen of the eggs from GTP-fed layers had more carbohydrate than that from control layers. All these indicate physical stability of thick albumen in the eggs from GTP group. Thiobarbituric acid content of egg yolk tended to remain lower in the eggs from GTP group during 5-10 days of storage at room temperature. Levels of egg yolk cholesterol and yolk lipid were significantly reduced by GTP feeding. There were no significant differences in eggshell weight, shell thickness and shell strength between the two groups. Thyroid gland and liver from hens slaughtered at 71 wk of age did not differ in weight irrespective of GTP feeding. The present results suggest that GTP could modify components of edible part of egg, leading to the characteristics favourable to consumers such as high durability of thick albumen and less cholesterol in yolk, without altering general performance of the layers throughout this year round experiment.