• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2006

Through the application of a microwave-assisted extraction, the aim of study was to investigate the extraction conditions for the total yield, electron donating ability, total polyphenol contents and nitrite scavenging effect from Pleurotus eryngii. This experiment was conducted under the following extraction conditions: the microwave power (60, 90, 120 W), sample to solvent ratio (1:50, 1:20, 1:10), extraction time (1, 5, 10, 15 mins), and extractant like water, $50\%$ EtOH and $99\%$ EtOH. During the increase of microwave power ranging from 60 to 120 W, the maximized effective components were obtained when the microwave power was set at 60 W. By decreasing the ratio down to 1:10 (g/mL), the extraction of effective components but not total yield was the highest at 1:10 (g/mL). As going up to 15 min, the maximum extraction of effective components was achieved at 1 min for the extraction time and was little affected at over 5 min. In conclusion, the most appropriate conditions for the extraction of effective compounds from Pleurotus eryngii were as follows: the microwave power at 60 W, 1:10 of the sample to solvent ratio, extraction time at 1 min and water as the extractant.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-5
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• 2014

This study was performed to determine the whitening effect of organic solvent extracts from the centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. We prepared different concentrations (50%, 70% and 100%) of ethanol, methanol, 100% ethyl acetate and water extracts. We tested melanin inhibitory effect and tyrosinase activity using B16/F10 melanoma cell. As a result, treatment of organic solvent extracts is decreased the biosynthesis of melanin and tyrosinase activity to 36 ~ 86%. Especially the 70% ethanol extracts was the most effective in B16/F10 melanoma cells. In the study on melanogenic protein expression, 70% ethanol extracts of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans blocked glycosylation of tyrosinase. Therefore this result suggests that 70% ethanol extracts could be developed as skin whitening agents.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.216-222
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• 2006

Microwave energy (2450 MHz) was applied to extract health-effective component (HEC) from grape seed. Three different solvents approved for grape seed extract such as water, ethanol and acetone, were confirmed in their microwave-heating properties and by which extraction efficiencies were determined. Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) was performed under different parameters; microwave power : (0, 50, 100 and 150), time : (1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 min), the sample to solvent ratio : (1:20, 1:10, 1:5 and 1:2.5), and particle size(whole, 20, 40 and 60 mesh) and the subsequent extracts were used for determining their physicochemical properties, such as total yield : (TY), total phenolics : (TP), catechin content : (CC), electron donating ability : (EDA), and browning color. The heating properties of solvent demonstrated the optimal ranges of microwave and time as 100 W and 2 to 6 min. The TY and HFC content were higher with increasing powers in water and ethanol solvent, while HFC content were lower in acetone at over 100 W. The longer of extraction time up to 5 min, the higher extraction efficiency. Based upon the overall MAE efficiency and solvent recovery, it was found optimal to use 10 times volume of ethanol for 10 mesh of seed particle at 100 W.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.71-76
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• 1996

Studies were carried out to examine some factors affecting the supercritical carbon dioxide extraction of taxol from the bark of Taxus cuspidata using a continuous packed bed extractor. The factors investigated in this study were pressure, temperature, volume of carbon dioxide, and co-solvent. It was found out that the amount of taxol extracted was not significantly affected by the operating pressure in the absence of a co-solvent although it increased by about 20% at 5500 psig. With $24\ell$ of carbon dioxide the saturated amount of taxol was extracted at 318K and 5500psig. Methanol was found to be the most effective co-solvent in terms of amount of taxol extracted among six different co-solvents used. When methanol was used as a co-solvent the effect of operating pressure became significant; approximately 50% increase in the amount of taxol extracted was observed at 3000 psig as compared to at 2500 or 3500psig. The optimum methanol concentration in supercritical fluid was 13% (w/w)at 308K, 3000psig.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-156
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• 2010

One of resins, V-Flon is useful as a coating material because YK-D80, which is a solvent for V-Flon, is not highly volatile. However, it can not completely harden and can flow out when metal artifacts are joined and restored in the process of the treatment. Therefore, after the impregnation process in order to accelerate the hardening speed of a coating material, usually a dry oven was adopted. This study focused on finding the problems on the dry oven which is employed to increase the speed and investigating the most effective solvent and its composition by checking any change occurred depending on the concentration of solvents. Six different types of solvents were selected and samples were prepared in a manner that they were impregnated with solvents in three concentrations respectively (10%, 20%, 30%). To determine the condition of the samples, the stability evaluation was performed by measuring the change of color and the gloss, the thickness of coated layers, the corrosion after coating, the water resistance by contact angles. Through the comparative experiments between the natural drying and the artificial drying using a dry oven, it was found that when the dry oven is used, some problems are identified on the point of forming a uniform and stable layer because of the unstable data collected from the forced artificial dry. The experiments performed using 3 different concentration rates (10%, 20%, 30%) presented that in the case of 10% V-Flon in Xylene (using as a solvent), its layer was thin as well as it showed the high water-barrier property, which allows it to form the stably coated layer with the lower gloss and color change.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제23권7호
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• pp.989-994
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• 2016

As part of our continuing search for bioactive natural products, the antioxidant and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activities of an 80% methanolic extract and organic solvent soluble-portions of Aruncus dioicus var. kamtschaticus roots were investigated by using a bioassay system. The antioxidant activity of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus roots extract and organic solvent soluble-portions were assessed by examining with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) ($ABTS^+$) radical scavenging. In addition, anti-diabetic effects of the A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus root extract and organic solvent soluble-portions were tested via ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition assay. The total phenolic contents of the products were determined by applying UV-VIS spectrophotometry. All tested samples showed dose-dependent radical scavenging and ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory properties. In particular, the ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory and radical scavenging effects of the ethyl-acetate (EtOAc)-soluble portion from the roots of A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus were greater than those from other solvent-soluble portions. These results indicate that A. dioicus var. kamtschaticus could be considered a new effective source of natural antioxidants and anti-diabetic materials. More systematic research of the constituents of the roots of this A. dioicus variety will be conducted to further develop its antioxidative and anti-diabetic properties.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.104-118
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• 1995

This study was performed to evaluate factors affecting desorption of organic solvents collected on charcoal tube and to find out the optimum condition. Desorption efficiency for polar analytes was improved when several polar desorption solvents such as methanol, dimethylformamide(DMF), 2-(2-butoxyethoxy)ethanol were added to carbon disulfide($CS_2$). The best improvement was achieved when 10% dimethylformamide(DMF) in $CS_2$ was used as desorption solvent. During storage of polar analytes, recovery was greatly reduced. Especially, the recovery of cyclohexanone was decreased to 18.1 % after a month storage at $34^{\circ}C$. After two weeks storage, recovery of polar analytes was sharply decreased. Water adsorbed on charcoal interfered the recovery of polar analytes but didn't interfere that one of nonpolar solvent, toluene. When 10% DMF in $CS_2$ was used as desorption solvent, the effect of water on recovery was decreased, comparing with Desorption efficiency increased when analyte loading increased, and usage of 10% DMF in $CS_2$ decreased the loading effect. Increasing volume of desorption solvent was not effective to improve desorption efficiency of analytes when 10% DMF was used. Continuous shaking and sonication is not helpful to increase the desorption efficiency of analytes except cyclohexanone using 10% DMF. When silica gel used as adsorbent, methanol was better desorbent than dimethylsulfoxide. Analytes adsorbed on silica gel showed high recovery in low concentration and less affected by humidity. On the basis of this study, the following conclusions have been drawn. To improve the recovery of polar organic materials in air samples, it is necessary to analyze samples as soon as possible after they were collected. Otherwise, samples must be stored at low temperature. Using two components of desorption solvents, such as 10% DMF in $CS_2$, the effects of loading and humidity decreased for polar analytes such as methyl ethyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone. When work place has high humidity with low concentration of polar organic solvents, silica gel can be used as adsorbent, because it produces quantitative recovery for polar analytes at this condition. But it should be noted that high humidity makes breakthrough easy in silica gel samples.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.122-131
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• 2023

Persimmon peels are mostly discared as a by-product of dried persimmon manufacturing, but effective use is required as it contains various functional constituents. This study covers the preparation of carotenoid-enriched oil by ultrasound treatment of persimmon peel in soybean oil solvent, and the investigation of its physicochemical characteristics. Using the Box-Behnken design and response surface methodology, the optimal extraction conditions (temperature, 62℃; time, 32 min; and persimmon peel to oil ratio, 1:3.1) were determined based on the carotenoid concentration of the extract. The physicochemical characteristics of the extract obtained under optimal conditions and the untreated soybean oil (control) were compared. The total carotenoid content of the extract increased. The carotenoid-enriched soybean oils had a lighter color than the controls, but with high redness and yellowness values. The effect of sonication and a component of the persimmon peel on the oxidation and heating stability of soybean oil was weak. The viscosity and activation energy of carotenoid-enriched soybean oil were slightly higher than those of the control. Thus, it was possible to prepare yellow-red carotenoid-enriched soybean oil by applying ultrasonic-soybean oil solvent extraction to persimmon peel. The oil is expected to be useful as an additive as well as a substitute for general edible oils.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.105-110
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• 2006

This study was to describe the differences in efficacy and effect of herbal extracts by the part and solvent extraction from the medical plants used as materials of oriental herbs cosmetics. And, this study was to apply to the test method of efficacy and effect related to the antioxidation as herbal extracts, complex of actual ingredient, not existing analytical methods of single ingredient. After screening the medical plants with the antioxidative activity primarily and selecting 11 sorts of medical plants to be used by the part in the literature, this study was to confirm the differences through the well-known test methods like DPPH radical scavenging activity test and hydroxyl radical scavenging activity test. For examples, in case of Trachelospermum asiaticum, compared with the aerial part and fruit, the value of DPPH radical scavenging activity test had $25.2 {\pm} 0.2$ and $62.4 {\pm}1.6$ each. It has shown that the value of fruit had 2.4 times higher effect than the one of aerial part. In case of hydroxyl scavenging activity test, it was effective in the fruit, but it has shown that there was no effect on the aerial part. It showed the same phenomena in some other plants. From the result above, this researcher could understand that it needed to consider extracting the medical plants or plants with the active principle by the part. Also, this study was to confirm the differences in effect according to the solvent as it changed the solvent extraction after selecting a plant (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) widely used for medicine and dye. As a result of measuring the actual value of superoxide scavenging activity test, this study was to consider that there were differences by the part or solvent extraction in extracting and using the medical plants as it has shown that the effect differences produced $10{\sim}80%$ according to the solvent. When it was applied to the products, this study has shown that it needed to decrease the possible errors.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.189-197
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• 1977

In present study, the effects of various factors including the solvent concentration, extraction time and temperature, the ratio of sample vs extraction solvent, (w/v) and pH upon the extractability of the NaCl and alcohol soluble proteins of marine algae were investigated. Eight species of fresh algae, the major ones in consumption as food, namely Porphyra suborbiculata, Undarie pinnatifida, Hizikia fusiforme, Sargassum, fulvellum, Enteromorpha linza, Sargassum kjellmanianum, Codium coarctatum, and Ulva pertusa were used for the extraction of NaCl soluble protein and dried materials of four species, Perphyra suborbiculata, Undaria pinnatifida, Enteromorpha linza and Sargassum fulvellum were used for the extraction of alcohol soluble protein. The frozen and mascerated samples were prepared by the same method described in previous paper (Ryu, 1977). And the dried materials were moistened with alcohol solution before freezing. The effect of solvent concentration on the extractability of NaCl soluble protein differed from species. The extractability of Undaria Pinnatifide, Hizikia fusiforme, Perphyra suborbiculata, Enteromorpha linza, and Ulva pertusa reached maxima at 0.25M NaCl solution while the 1.0M for Sargassum fulvellum, Saygassum kjellmanianum and Codium coarctatum. In case of alcohol soluble proteins, it was shown at $20\%$ ethanol solution for Porphyra suborbiculata, Undaria pinnatifida, Enteromorpha linza, and Sargassum fulvellum. Variation of the ratio of sample vs solvent gave slight effect upon the extractability, but the ratio of 1:30(w/v) seemed most efficient for the extraction of NaCl soluble proteins and 100 ml solvent added to 1 g dried sample was effective in case of alcohol soluble proteins. Extraction time has a minimal effect upon the extraction of alcohol soluble protein, and approximately 21 to $43\%$ of algal protein was extracted within 1 hour. But in case of NaCl soluble protein extraction, the effect of time revealed differently from species to species resulting in that the extraction for 1 hour gave a maximum extractability in Ulva pertusa and Enteromorpha linza, 2 hours in Porphyra suborbiculata, Codium coarctatum and 3 hours in Undaria pinnatifica, Hizikia susiforme, Sargassum fulvellum and Sargassum kjellmanianum. When the NaCl soluble protein of Undaria pinnatifida and Enteromopha linza was extracted at various temperature, the most effective extraction temperature was $40^{\circ}C$ while the temperature was $50^{\circ}C$ for Undaria pinnatifida and $60^{\circ}C$ for Hixikia fusiforme, Sargassum fulvellum, Sargassum kjellmanianum and Codium coarctatum. Bus in case of alcohol soluble extraction, the optimum temperature was $30^{\circ}C$ for Enteromorpha linza and $40^{\circ}C$ for Undaria pinnatifida, Sargassum fulvellum and Porphyra suborbiculata. In the effect of pH on extractability, the maximum extractability of NaCl soluble proteins was obtained at pH 7to 8 and pH 8 to 9 for alcohol soluble protein.