• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.635-641
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• 2021

This article analyzes the factors affecting income inequality in Vietnam, with data from 63 provinces and cities collected from the Vietnam Household Living Standards Survey of the General Statistics Office of Vietnam from 2010 to 2018. The article will firstly build a research model to identify factors affecting income inequality. Then, it uses the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) method to evaluate the effect of factors on income inequality in Vietnam. The empirical estimate result shows that, in the period from 2010 to 2018, the factors such as the proportion of the working employees, income per capita, and inflation have positive effects on the Gini coefficient. That is, when these factors increase, there will be negative effects on improving income inequality in Vietnam. Conversely, when the factors such as the proportion of the literate adults, the proportion of the urban population, and population density increase they will have a positive impact on improving income inequality in Vietnam during this period. The estimated coefficients satisfied the sign expectation except the proportion of the literate adults. It means that, in Vietnam, the increase and more equilibrium in educational attainment balance the distribution of income and bring an improvement in income inequality.

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.35-43
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• 2020

The National Competency Standards(NCS) has been developed a good curriculum to reflect the demand in the industry. NCS is defined as systemizing the knowledge, skill, and attitude required to perform a task in the industry. It is an effort to reduce the gap between educational requirements and occupational requirements. However, when NCS is applied, the task level is changed to the title of qualification according to the policy outcomes for the government project. And, the NCS has been emphasizing the purpose of license acquisition, rather than using the standard for tasks in the industry. It means that the misuse of NSC hinders utilizing it as the original purpose of standardizing a task. It requires the customer to study the required competency unit with a no-choice option. Moreover, it makes it hard for companies or industry autonomically run the NCS. Therefore, we define the operational range in terms of the education field, the qualification field, and the career field to diffuse and apply NCS, and suggest the effective utilization method.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.162-173
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• 2009

Purpose: This study investigated the health and socioeconomic status of single-parent and partnered families, and examined the intersection between sex and single-parent status focusing on inequalities of health and socioeconomic status. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using the data from the nationally representative 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. A total of 14,827 respondents had custody of their own children and other family members (13,943 were coupled families and 891 were single-parent). Results: Our result indicate that single-parent had poorer health status and were more likely to have lower educational attainment, lower household income, no home ownership and be unemployed. However, the association between single-parent status and socioeconomic and health inequality were in divergent ways according to sex. The most socioeconomically disadvantaged were single-parent women. Inequalities in health differ markedly by sex but vary little according to single-parent status. Conclusions: An uneven distribution of socioeconomic resources might help us to understand why single-parent, both women and men, have worse health than parents who live together. Previously recognized sex gap with regard to health status also might help us to understand the difference in health between single-parent men and single-parent women found here.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2023

The rapid change in industry and the technological gap give rise to social demand for upskilling and reskilling and spread of alternative education. Against this backdrop, digital certification and career management tools can be used to manage various types of learning activities comprehensively. Digital badges provide various kinds of history information related to individual learning, and the reliability and transparency of the issued information can be strengthened by applying blockchain technology. There have been various discussions about digital badges for a long time, but due to the lack of standards to support the issuance and distribution of digital badges, they have been partially used in some areas. However, interest in digital badges is increasing due to the development of related technologies, establishment of standards, paradigm changes in higher education, and government policies related to nurturing digital talent. This paper deals with the use of digital badges for efficient and transparent learning management and career management in an online learning environment. The researcher analyzes the technical characteristics and use cases of digital badges, and proposes a plan for use in online higher education based on them.

• 무역학회지
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.89-101
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• 2022

International remittances play a crucial role in the economic management of each country, especially in developing countries. Its functions are diverse, including procurement of foreign currency, serving as a cushion for the balance of payments and foreign exchange reserves by reducing the adverse external shocks, driving economic growth, easing the gap between the rich and the poor, and maintaining macroeconomic stability. However, previous studies on remittances have mainly focused on macro-and micro-economic aspects to analyze the determinants. Therefore, this study attempts to identify the determinants of remittances in 122 countries over the past 25 years from macroeconomic and educational aspects as well as institutional qualities. In addition, given the fact that almost all of the world's top 10 recipient countries in terms of GDP and total remittance size are developing countries, developed and developing countries are separated and analyzed for comparison, assuming that there may be a difference between the two groups. Results show that the coefficients of developed and developing countries are different in four areas: Control of Corruption (CC), Rule of Law (RL), Voice and Accountability (VA), and Regulatory Quality (RQ) among the six institutional variables of interest in this study. These results implicate that even the same institutions and policies should be applied and implemented differently depending on the circumstances of each country. In addition, as suggested by the World Bank, policymakers in all countries should double their policy efforts to lower the costs of remittance and improve access to the financial system for immigrants or dispatched workers to ensure a steady inflow of remittances.

• 대한수학교육학회지:학교수학
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.289-314
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• 2013

본 연구는 2011년 학업성취도 평가 결과를 Fusion 모형이라는 인지진단모형을 적용하여 수학교과에서 학교급별, 성취수준별, 성별에 따른 인지요소 숙달 양상과 다문화가정의 인지요소 숙달 양상을 분석하였다. 연구결과, 초6은 12개의 인지요소에서 '귀납적으로 추론하기', 중3은 10개의 인지요소에서 '연역적으로 정당화하기', 고2는 10개의 인지요소 중 '사칙계산'이 가장 높은 숙달 비율을 보였다. 성취수준별로 인지요소의 숙달 양상을 분석한 결과, 초 중 고 모두 우수학력 집단은 전체 인지요소에서 94%이상의 숙달률을 보였으나, 기초학력이하 집단 학생들은 거의 모든 인지요소에서 초6과 중3의 경우 미숙달 비율이 70%이상이었고 고2는 99%이상이었다. 또한, 초6, 중3까지는 전반적으로 여학생의 인지요소 숙달 비율이 남학생보다 높으나 고2에서는 대부분의 인지요소에서 남학생이 여학생보다 숙달 비율이 높게 나타났다. 다문화가정 학생 집단과 일반가정 학생 집단 간 인지요소의 숙달 양상은 학교급별로 상이하게 나타났다.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.71-97
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• 2004

This study conducted a comparative analysis of awareness level of review standards, continuing education, and awareness about the need for speciality and educational courses in order to improve quality of Korean health insurance review work and to present directions for policies of personnel development and continuing education to smoothly perform hospital's insurance claim work and Agency's review work. The analysis unit of the study is individuals, and survey was conducted among hospital's claim officers and Agency' review officers by distributing questionnaires. The major results of the study are as follows: First, it is found that hospital's claim officers and Agency's review officers have conflicting awareness about review standards; more Agency's review officers think that current review standards are universal and reasonable, while more hospital's claim officers believe that they need to be revised. Especially, hospital's claim officers replied that it is possible that review results can differ according to government's policies. Second, there is no significant difference between the two groups in the opinion that there are individual differences in awareness level of review standard. In particular, both groups share the opinion that review results can differ according to officer's interpretation of review standards. Third, Both review officer groups feel the need for further training and continuing education. Fourth, there is no difference between the two groups in the opinion that both groups members should be educated in review related educational institutions. However, while 81.5% of Agency's review officers the education should be offered at the Agency, only 45.2% of hospital's claim officers agreed to it. Fifth, both review personnel do not show any difference in awareness of needed experience to successfully perform review work; both groups replied that three to four years experience is necessary to smoothly perform claim work and review work. This study was tried in order to search for directions to improve Korean insurance review work in quality rather than to explore characteristics themselves of individual factors. In this sense, this study presupposed an intention that the educational subjects for further training and continuing education for the two groups should be the same in order to narrow the awareness gap between hospital's claim officers and Agency's review officers. Thus, this study suggests that it is desirable to offer beginner courses at junior colleges or in undergraduate courses and advanced courses in professional graduate school for six to twelve months. In that a comparison of awareness level of hospital's claim officers and Agency's review officers who are actually in practice should precede appropriate presentation of directions for the qualitative improvement of insurance review work in Korea, the significance of this study lies in comparatively analyzing the awareness level of hospital's claim officers and Agency's review officers and in presenting the establishment of future further training and continuing education.

• 한국과학교육학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.429-436
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• 2020

본 연구는 2009 개정 교육과정이 적용된 2015~2018년 4년간의 학업성취도 평가 결과를 바탕으로 중학생의 과학 학업성취 특성을 분석하였다. 우선 인지적 영역에 학생들의 학업성취 특성을 살펴보고자 성취도 평균 점수와 성취수준별 비율의 추이를 분석하였다. 또한, 정의적 영역에 대한 학업성취 특성을 알아보기 위해 학생들의 설문 중 교과태도에 대한 자신감, 흥미, 가치, 학습의욕 등에 문항에 관한 결과와 추이를 분석하였다. 주요 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 우선 첫째, 전체적인 과학과 학업성취도가 하락하고 있다는 것이다. 둘째, 성취수준별 차이를 보면 우수학력 집단에서 하락의 폭이 큼을 알 수 있으며, 기초학력 미달 비율이 증가하고 있다는 것이다. 셋째 성별로 보면, 성취도 점수에서는 남녀 간 점수 차이가 증가하는 경향이 나타났으며, 우수학력에서 여학생에 대한 지원, 기초학력에서 남학생에 대한 지원이 필요함을 알 수 있다. 넷째, 지역규모에서 있어서는 우수학력에서 지역규모간의 격차가 발생하고 있다는 특성을 보이고 있다. 교과태도에 대한 분석 결과를 살펴보면 먼저 교과태도에 대한 자신감, 흥미, 가치, 학습의욕 등 4개 구인 모두 성취도 평균과 유의미한 상관관계를 보였으며, 교과태도에서 '높음'일수록 성취도 평균도 높았다. 공통 문항을 통해 최근의 교과태도에 대한 변화 추이를 살펴보면, 2018년을 제외하고 자신감, 흥미, 가치 구인이 점차 상승하는 경향을 보였다. 보통학력 이상 집단에서는 자신감, 흥미, 가치 등에서 지속해서 상승하는 경향을 보이나 기초학력 이하 집단에서는 2018년에 크게 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 이러한 결과를 교육과정이나 교수·학습 개선, 교육 정책 수립의 근거나 자료로 활용할 필요가 있다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.3879-3887
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• 2012

Background: Development of effective educational strategies should accompany increases in public awareness and the availability of genetic testing for breast cancer (BC). These educational strategies should be designed to fulfill the knowledge gap while considering factors that influence women's interest in order to facilitate decision making. Objective: To determine the possible correlates of Saudi women's interest in BC genes testing including socio-demographics, the level of awareness towards BC genes, the family history of BC and the perceived personal risk among adult Saudi women in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. Subjects and methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out during the second BC community-based campaign in Al Hassa, Saudi Arabia. All Saudi women aged ${\geq}18$ years (n=781) attending the educational components of the campaign were invited to a personal interview. Data collection included gathering information about sociodemographics, family history of BC, the perceived personal risk for BC, awareness and attitude towards BC genes and the women's interest in BC genes testing. Results: Of the included women (n=599), 19.5% perceived higher risk for BC development, significantly more among < 40 years of age, and with positive family history of BC before 50 years of age. The participants demonstrated a poor level of awareness regarding the inheritance, risk, and availability of BC genetic testing. The median summated knowledge score was 1.0 (out of 7 points) with a knowledge deficit of 87.8%. The level of knowledge showed significant decline with age (> 40 years). Of the included women 54.7% expressed an interest in BC genetic testing for assessing their BC risk. Multivariate regression model showed that being middle aged (Odds Ratio 'OR'=1.88, confidence intervals 'C.I'=1.14-3.11), with higher knowledge level (OR=1.67, C.I=1.08-2.57) and perceiving higher risk for BC (OR=2.11, C.I=1.61-2.76) were the significant positive correlates for Saudi women interest in BC genetic testing. Conclusion: Saudi women express high interest in genetic testing for BC risk despite their poor awareness. This great interest may reflect the presence of inappropriate information regarding BC genetic testing and its role in risk analysis.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2017

본 연구는 치과 임상에서 근무하는 치과위생사의 직무 수행 능력을 증진시키기 위하여 비판적 사고 성향, 문제 해결 능력, 직무 수행 능력의 관계를 파악하고자 치과위생사 335명을 대상으로 자기기입식 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구방법은 일반적 특성에 따른 비판적 사고 성향, 문제 해결 능력, 직무 수행 능력을 빈도와 일원배치분산분석으로 기술통계하였고 관련성을 보기 위해 상관분석을 했으며, 인과관계와 매개효과 확인을 위해 구조방정식 모형분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과 대상자의 비판적 사고 성향과 문제 해결 능력은 연령, 최종학력, 근무경력이 많을수록 평균 총 점수가 높아졌으며 통계적으로 유의하였다. 직무 수행 능력도 연령, 학력, 경력이 높을수록 평균 총 점수는 높았으나 학력을 제외한 연령과 근무경력만 유의하게 나타났다. 대상자의 비판적 사고 성향, 문제 해결 능력, 직무 수행 능력간의 관련성은 모두 양의 상관관계를 보였으며 모두 유의하였다. 구조방정식 모형은 비판적 사고 성향에서 문제 해결 능력, 문제 해결 능력에서 직무 수행 능력, 비판적 사고 성향에서 직무 수행 능력 모두 직접효과가 있었으며 유의하였다. 비판적 사고 성향이 문제 해결 능력에 의해 매개되어 직무 수행 능력에 영향을 미치는 간접효과도 유의하였다. 즉, 직접효과, 간접효과가 모두 유의하여 부분 매개효과가 확인되었다. 결론적으로 치과위생사의 비판적 사고 성향과 문제 해결 능력을 동시에 향상하는 것이 직무 수행 능력 증진에 도움을 줄 수 있다는 것이다. 따라서 비판적 사고 성향과 문제 해결 능력을 같이 강화할 수 있는 다각적 교육과정 접근법 개발과 지속적인 시행이 필요할 것이며, 더불어 체계적인 지원구축으로 치과위생사의 직무 수행 능력의 증진을 도모할 수 있도록 제언한다.