• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.19-36
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• 2022

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of COVID 19. The effects of COVID 19 are grouped into 5; economic stress, mental stress, health stress, task concern, self-confidence. We introduce the concept of personal ambidexterity that is necessary power for cabin crews to provide appropriate and efficient service to passengers. Ambidexterity consists of exploiting existing resources to sustain and exploring the new including method of performing task, customer, market etc. The former is necessary to maintain present condition while the latter is necessary to prepare for the future. Also motive is considered as a stimulating factor for task. Previous studies show that motive affects ambidexterity and we try to analyze whether COVID 19 effects influence this relationship. Research design, data, and methodology: Considering the relationship between the variables, we designed to measure the influence of the effects of COVID 19 by analyzing the moderating effects of them. For empirical analysis we distributed survey questionnaire and collected. Total of 361 samples are used fo the analysis. For analysis program, SPSS version 23 was used. Regression analysis and moderating effect analysis were conducted. Results: Study results show that first, the variables of economic stress, mental stress, health stress, task concern, self confidence affects personal ambidexterity and service provision. Also ambidexterity affects service provision significantly. Among COVID 19 effects, economic stress, task concern, and self confidence has moderating effects. On the other hand, new work environment does not have moderating effect. Conclusions: In conclusion, the effects of COVID 19 are wide and various. Among them the most serious effect is that COVID 19 is depriving workers of self confidence and passion toward the work. To remedy stresses and restore self confidence and passion, each worker should make his/her own efforts, such as, learning more to become more competitive, also firms should do make efforts to protect employees and to rebuild trust between firm and employees in every respect. Especially firms should realize that economic stress can be treated by economic compensation as the situation turns to normal but trust as well as self confidence and passion is not easy to restore.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.13-33
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• 2019

Purpose - This study empirically investigated whether national distances (Cultural, Administrative, Geographic and Economic distance) have different effects on industries in different ways. Design/methodology - The empirical model utilized industry level export trade data to examine the differentiated effects of each national distance. By using direct measurement and covering 75 countries, this paper analyzes the effect of distances in different industries. More specifically, this study classified the industries into a more-sensitive/less-sensitive scale. Findings - The empirical results showed the complicated impacts of national distances on trade. Trade in industries that are more sensitive to cultural and administrative distances was not decreased as greatly as trade in industries that are less sensitive to cultural and administrative distances. Also, industries that are more sensitive to geographic distance showed a stronger negative impact on trade than less sensitive industries. Lastly, economic distance decreased trade for industries that are more sensitive to economic distance, while economic distance did not significantly increase trade for industries that are less sensitive to economic distance. Originality/value - As the first study to empirically find out whether national distance has different effects on industries, this study updated the measurements of national distance.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.338-341
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• 2011

Water usage for cleaning the toilet bowl accounts for 27% of the total water usage. Water-saving valve that can select the amount of water for cleaning toilet bowl can be reduced expenditure. After installing water-saving valve, analysed the economic effects. Water-saving valves compared with flush valves, and researched the amount of water usage. Then analyzed fort he economic effects. Water-saving valve was used 5.6 ${\ell}/time$ for cleaning toilet bowl. In contrast, flush valve was consumed 8.4 ${\ell}/time$. Water-saving valve's water-saving rate was 33.3%. The initial payback period for Water-saving valve was 459.5 days. By a small investment in water saving valve, the economic benefits can be obtained.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.57-66
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• 2016

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) plays a vital role in economic growth of the countries. The present study analyses the impact of the FDI on economic growth of South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation countries by using the pooled data for the period 1990-2014. Neo-classical production function has been used for analysis and getting stock-to-flow estimation, Taylor series approximation has applied. Fixed Effects Model has been used to investigate the impact of FDI, domestic capital, labour and government expenditures on economic growth. It is the evident from the results that both domestic investment and FDI have been a positive effect on economic growth. The study finds that the contribution of domestic private investment is more trustworthy than the contribution of FDI. Consequently, FDI loses its attraction as an engine of growth if the adverse balance of payment consequence of the resulting profit repatriating is also taken into account. The labour has positive and significant association with GDP. The effect of government expenditure is negligible on economic growth. The findings suggest that growth strategy cannot yield the long term benefits if it neglects investments on human capital.

• Journal of Family Resource Management and Policy Review
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.41-56
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of economic status on the difficulties of family life focusing on the mediating effects of family communication and family ties. A total of 386 people were surveyed, and data from 352 were used for the actual data analysis. For the analysis, technical statistical analysis, correlation analysis, regression analysis, and a Sobel test were conducted. The results were as follows.: First, the correlation analysis confirmed that there are statistically significant correlations among the economic status of households, family communication, family ties, and the difficulties of family life. Second, the economic status of households directly influences the difficulties of family by mediating family communication and family ties. This study identified that family communication and family ties affect the improvement of difficulties in family life. It suggests that improving economic status, promoting communication among family members, and strengthening family ties can help solve the difficulties of family life.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.206-218
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• 2005

We measure and compare externalities of IT and R&D capital stocks in different Korean industry sectors using inter-industry input-output tables of 1985, 1990, 1995 and 2000. We also compute the multiplier effects that relate to the directions of future economic effects. The key findings are as follows. First, we observed continuous capital deepening in all nine industries over the period of 1985 to 2000. Second, the backward multipliers of IT capital were the highest in the manufacturing industry. As for inter-industry externalities, the indirect backward multipliers, which exclude intra-industry backward multiplier effects within the industry, were also the highest in the manufacturing industry. Third, the forward multiplier effects of IT capital stock were the most substantial in the construction industry during the 1980s and in the manufacturing industry thereafter. Finally, using the transition multiplier matrix reflecting the backward effects of the two capitals in the past, the economic backward effects, especially the external economic effects, are predicted to increase through 2010 among all industries. The above findings suggest that, in order to maximize the forward and backward effects of the ever-increasing IT capital, we need to formulate an industry policy reducing the cost of capital accumulation in the manufacturing industry through improvement in productivity of the IT industry.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.21-31
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• 2020

This study investigates the dynamic effects of economic development, international cooperation, electricity consumption, and political risk on the escalation of CO₂ emission in Vietnam. We adopted autoregressive distributed lag model and Granger causality method to examine the interaction between CO₂ and various economic and political factors, including foreign direct investment, trade openness, economic growth, manufacture, electricity consumption, and political risk in Vietnam since the economic revolution in 1986. The findings reflect opposite influence between these factors and the level of CO₂ in the intermediate and long-term durations. Accordingly, foreign direct investment and CO₂ emission have a bidirectional relationship, in which foreign direct investment accelerates short-term CO₂ emission, but reduces it in the long run through an interactive mechanism. Moreover, economic development increases the volume of CO₂ emission in both short and long run. There was also evidence that political risk has a negative effect on the environment. Overall, the findings confirm lasting negative environmental effects of economic growth, trade liberalization, and increased electricity consumption. These factors, with Granger causality, mutually affect the escalation of CO₂ in Vietnam. In order to control the level of CO₂, more efforts are required to improve administrative transparency, attract high-quality foreign investment, and decouple the environment from economic development.

• The Korean Journal of Health Service Management
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.57-69
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• 2013

In these days, the interest on health industry is increasing around the world. This paper attempts to estimate the economic effects of the Cosmetic Industrydusing the Input-Output Analysis. Especially, 78*78 Sector Tables were used as the first analysis tool. So then, 79*79 Sector Tables adjusted were used for that industry. The main analysis tools of this study are comparing and analyzing backward and forward linkage effects, the induced effects of the self industry and other industries and the induced coefficients such as product, value-added, job and employment. According to the result of analysis, the cosmetic industry has great economic impacts which affects the major macroeconomic factors such as product, value added and backward linkage effect. And the induced effects of the self cosmetic industry are significant compared to other industries in aspects of product, value-added, and employment.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2022

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the economic effects of FTAs using the concept of value-added exports. So far, the economic effects of FTAs have been dependent on decrease in import prices due to tariff cuts in importing countries, but the actual tariff reduction need to consider the value added of the exporting countries. Design/methodology - Value-added export refers to the added value created in the exporting country out of total exports. Among value-added exports, direct value-added export is interpreted as the Regional Value Contents (RVC), from which the economic effect of the FTA can be analyzed. A modified GTAP-VA model takes into account RVC in order to estimate accurate effects of FTAs. Findings - By the re-evaluation of the FTA based on the RVC, this paper makes it clear that the economic effects of the existing FTA methodology have the possibility of overestimation. In addition, as a new FTA with a strengthened Rules of Origin (ROO) is being initiated, a negative impact on international trade and GVC utilization may occur. Originality/value - This study introduces the concept of value-added export in analyzing the effects of FTAs. The new analysis methodology of this paper emphasizes the importance of value-added exports. Re-organization of GVCs would change regional trade agreements and empower ROO by weakening existing GVCs and transforming the value chain from global into regional scope.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.62 no.1
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• pp.109-132
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• 2010

This study examined the effects of depression by household's economic factors with income levels using the wave 1, 2 of Korean Welfare Panel Study. As a result, changes in income satisfaction have significant effects on depression levels. In non-poor households, the income and comsumption expenditure have effects on depression levels. But poor households do not have any effects. Among the control variables, age, marital status, and education level are influential factors on the depression levels. Based on the results, the author was able to recognize the economic factors in household that influnce the depression levels. and The policy directios for household's economic support were discussed.