• Journal of the Korean Society for Nondestructive Testing
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.368-375
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• 2013

Failure of small bore piping welds is a recurring problem at nuclear power plants. And the socket weld cracking in small bore piping has caused unplanned plant shutdowns for repair and high economic impact on the plants. Consequently, early crack detection, including the detection of manufacturing defects, is of the utmost importance. Until now, the surface inspection methods has been applied according to ASME Section XI requirements. But the ultrasonic inspection as a volumetric method is also applying to enforce the inspection requirement. However, the conventional manual ultrasonic inspection techniques are used to detect service induced fatigue cracks. And there was uncertainty on manual ultrasonic inspection because of limited access to the welds and difficulties with contact between the ultrasonic probe and the OD(outer diameter) surface of small bore piping. In this study, phased array ultrasonic inspection technique is applied to increase inspection speed and reliability. To achieve this object, the 3.5 MHz phased array ultrasonic transducer are designed and fabricated. The manually encoded scanner was also developed to enhance contact conditions and maintain constant signal quality. Additionally inspection system is configured and inspection procedure is developed.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.36 no.2_2
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• pp.293-307
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• 2020

Every year, the floating macroalgae, green and golden tide, are massively detected at the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. After influx of them to the aquaculture facility or beach, it occurs enormous economic losses to remove them. Currently, remote sensing is used effectively to detect the floating macroalgae flowed into the coast. But it has difficulties to detect the floating macroalgae exactly because of the wavelength overlapped with other targets in the ocean. Also, it is difficult to distinguish between green and golden tide because they have similar spectral characteristics. Therefore, we tried to distinguish between green and golden tide applying the Deep learning method to the satellite images. To determine the network, the optimal training conditions were searched to train the AlexNet. Also, Gaofen-1 WFV images were used as a dataset to train and validate the network. Under these conditions, the network was determined after training, and used to confirm the test data. As a result, the accuracy of test data is 88.89%, and it can be possible to distinguish between green and golden tide with precision of 66.67% and 100%, respectively. It is interpreted that the AlexNet can be pick up on the subtle differences between green and golden tide. Through this study, it is expected that the green and golden tide can be effectively classified from various objects in the ocean and distinguished each other.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.39
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• pp.180-209
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• 1999

As a pioneering study on wife rape, this study focuses on identifying the prevalence, the correlates of the individual social class and domestic violence background, and the perception of wife rape. This study uses the data based on the survey 224 married men and women who reside in Daegu, Korea. The result of this study shows that about 42.4% married men have experienced any type of wife rape. The most prevalent wife rape is force only wife rape(36.4%). Battering rape(12.1%) and sadistic rape(10.4%) are also found as significant coercive sexual issue among Korean couples. Monthly income and child abuse experience are found as significant predictors for the wife rape of married men. In addition, wife's religious enthusiasm is also negatively correlated with wife rape propensity, although the effect is not strong. The living standards is found as a strong correlate of women's propensity of being raped from their husbands. Thus, our practical attention should be given to those who have financial difficulties in low economic status, and to those who have significant child abuse experience, in order to prevent wife rape. Overall, married men and married women show pretty negative perceptions of wife rape, however, some of them are still positive of it. It is interesting that married men show a very defensive attitude against the proposal of establishing legal punishment for the people who commit wife rape. According to the gender, there is a considerable difference between men and women in terms of both the degree of acceptance of, and the demand for legal punishment of wife rape. It is problematic that the married women with a greater experience of being raped by husbands show far greater tolerance of wife rape than those with a less experience of it. These findings give us significant practical implications for social work intervention.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.121-135
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• 1999

This study investigated the location conditions, spatial linkage structures, and firm specific problems of small firms of the Greater Cincinnati metropolitan area by sectors and by areal distribution. The major locational advantages were closeness to customers and suppliers followed by accessibility to inter-state highways. These results were supported by spatial linkage structures in which within-region linkages occupied a greater portions of linkage, showing the importance of small firms in the regional economy. The linkage patterns showed distance decay effect with high elasticity. While there were no significant differences of locational conditions and spatial linkage structures of small firms between core and peripheral area, a slight difference was identified among sectors. Chemical related manufacturing firms show different locational conditions and spatial linkage structure with weak within-local linkages. The main locational disadvantages were lack of qualified labor, undesirable neighborhood, heavy tax, and space shortage. Considering the biggest problems such as lack of qualified labor, difficulties in sales/marketing, low accessibility to financial resource, and technological inability, the inter-related cooperative business networks among firms and regional institutions, consulting companies, chamber of commerce, and universities are needed to stimulate regional economic development and survival of small firms.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1776-1783
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• 2006

Despite being a rich source of protein (28-34%), karanj (Pongamia glabra) cake is found to be bitter in taste and toxic in nature owing to the presence of flavonoid (karanjin), tannin and trypsin inhibitor, thereby restricting its safe inclusion in poultry rations. Feeding of karanj cake at higher levels (>10%) adversely affected the growth performance of poultry due to the presence of these toxic factors. Therefore, efforts were made to detoxify karanj cake by various physico-chemical methods such as dry heat, water washing, pressure cooking, alkali and acid treatments and microbiological treatment with Sacchraromyces cerevisiae (strain S-49). The level of residual karanjin in raw and variously processed cake was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography and tannin and trypsin inhibitor was quantified by titrametric and colorimetric methods, respectively. The karanjin, tannin and trypsin inhibitor levels in such solvent and expeller pressed karanj cake were 0.132, 3.766 and 6.550 and 0.324, 3.172 and 8.513%, respectively. Pressure-cooking of solvent extracted karanj cake (SKC) substantially reduced the karanjin content at a cake:water ratio of 1:0.5 with 30-minute cooking. Among chemical methods, 1.5% (w/w) NaOH was very effective in reducing the karanjin content. $Ca(OH)_2$ treatment was also equally effective in karanjin reduction, but at a higher concentration of 3.0% (w/w). A similar trend was noticed with respect to treatment of expeller pressed karanj cake (EKC). Pressure cooking of EKC was effective in reducing the karanjin level of the cake. Among chemical methods alkali treatment [2% (w/w) NaOH] substantially reduced the karanjin levels of the cake. Other methods such as water washing, dry heat, HCl, glacial acetic acid, urea-ammoniation, combined acid and alkali, and microbiological treatments marginally reduced the karanjin concentration of SKC and EKC. Treatment of both SKC and EKC with 1.5% and 2.0% NaOH (w/w) was the most effective method in reducing the tannin content. Among the various methods of detoxification, dry heat, pressure cooking and microbiological treatment with Saccharomyces cerevisiae were substantially effective in reducing the trypsin inhibitor activity in both SKC and EKC. Based on reduction in karanjin, in addition to tannin and trypsin inhibitor activity, detoxification of SKC with either 1.5% NaOH or 3% $Ca(OH)_2$, w/w) and with 2% NaOH were more effective. Despite the effectiveness of pressure cooking in reducing the karanjin content, it could not be recommended for detoxification because of the practical difficulties in adopting the technology as well as for economic considerations.

• Archives of design research
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.117-126
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• 2001

Dietary life is said to be consummated even to a phase of art from phase of survival, recognition, selection and preference. Dietary life, from a sheer earing, is now transforming itself into a joy, and therefore, function of foodstuff packaging demand diversification rather than a simple packaging. Recently, socio-economic environment is showing conspicuous changes in that there are increasing number of working couples nuclear family, old-age population, social activity and improvement of living standards. Such a change in the living environment has much impact on our dietary life. Particularly, an age when cake and cookies of western origin were all but strange is gradually phasing out, while it is deemed to be improper to overlook the fact that bread and cakes are solidifying their position as part of foodstuff meanies for on dietary life. Of cakes and cookies, cakes have come to enjoy a position whereby they are regarded as part of an imperative for family banquets, various get-together and birthday celebration, etc., with a significant improvement that caters to our taste vis-a-vis an stage of introduction of cakes. At the time when reined foreign bakeries, one after another , are contemplating to make an inroad into Korea, and when the distribution market is to be opened fully in July of 1993, Korea bakeries that have been building up their position within the domestic market are expected to face a considerable number of difficulties. Accordingly, under such circumstances of the time text we are in it is attempted in this study to map out measures that may contribute to the strengthening of the products of business enterprises and improvement of corporate image that may appeal to feeling and emotions of consumers packaging that could attain objectives, and package design planning that, as an important factor for playing its own share in the restoration of humanism that is being alienated, may appeal to consumer sensitivity, rather than packaging that is being utilized merely as tool designed for marketing

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.301-313
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• 2015

The rock cavern storage for spent fuel has been assessed to apply in Korea with reviewing the state of the art of the technologies for surface storage and rock cavern storage of spent fuel. The technical feasibility and economic aspects of the rock cavern storage of spent fuel were also analyzed. A considerable area of flat land isolated from the exterior are needed to meet the requirement for the site of the surface storage facilities. It may, however, not be easy to secure such areas in the mountainous region of Korea. Instead, the spent fuel storage facilities constructed in the rock cavern moderate their demands for the suitable site. As a result, the rock cavern storage is a promising alternative for the storage of spent fuel in the aspect of natural and social environments. The rock cavern storage of spent fuel has several advantages compared with the surface storage, and there is no significant difference on the viewpoint of economy between the two alternatives. In addition, no great technical difficulties are present to apply the rock cavern storage technologies to the storage of domestic spent fuel.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.32
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• pp.123-150
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to seek practical intelligences for certain persons who wish to be a guard by studying for what practical public guards' recognition of organization and vocation is. The results of this study were as follows. First, Six study participants presented 'Respect within members', 'Atmosphere like family', 'Premium members', and 'Economic compensation & wealth of budget' as essential requirements for the best guard organization. Second, they also presented 'Systematic daily task & training', 'Exact selection system', and 'Strong cohesion & teamwork' as strong points of their organization. Third, they mentioned 'Internal evaluation system', 'Lack of education contents', and 'Limited position circulation' as weak points of their organization. Fourth, they mentioned that they feel encouraged itself as they work in the best guard organization, while they were skeptical when the citizens did not cooperate with them and they were not fully rewarded for their injury. Fifth, they expressed 'Difficulty of business cooperation', 'Unstable living patterns', 'Inconsistent assessment', and 'Continuing tension' as difficulties for performing the duties and stress causes. Lastly, they recognized of job security and self-esteem as they work in the best guard organization as advantages of a job, while they recognized of controlled life, low salaries and welfare level compared to duty importance and risks as disadvantages of a job. Consequently, students who wish to be a guard should consider job and organization attributes and set their career goals refer to these results.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.198-208
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• 1992

Recently, a nursery mat made from rock wool has realized transplanting of the younger seedlings with the ordinary transplanting machines for Chibyo and Chubyo(3 and 4～5 leaved seedling, respectively). The seedlings defined as the 'Nyubyo' or 'Nursling seedlings' became possible to achieve economic profits from the reduction in both working time and costs. It being widely noticed as a strategy to solve the difficulties in current rice cultivation. The nursling seedlings are 1.4 to 2.5 leaves and height at 4.5 to 7cm, grown 4 to 7 days after seeding. They maintain still up to 50 to 80% of their nutrients in the endosperm, and can grow by using only their own nutrients for a certain period of time after transplanting. Nursling seedlings take 2 days in the nursery chamber at 32$^{\circ}C$ after seeding, and 2 days in the greening house at $25^{\circ}C$. This is only 4 days, all together, to make the nursling seedlings of 1.5 leaves which are ready for transplanting. Watering is only needed once at the sowing time. It only takes 1 or 2 waterings even to raise a seedlings for a period of 7 days. The number of nursery boxes can be reduced because it is possible to sow more densely(220 to 240g per box), thus it only needs seedlings of 15 to 16 boxes per 10 a which leads to a reduction in facilities and space needed. Temperature during the nursery period can be artificially adjusted more precisely which may lead to the prevention of temperature stress. The nursling seedlings can root rapid by because the crown roots from the coleoptile node begin to emerge immediately after transplanting. They show strong resistance to low temperature (12$^{\circ}C$) and deep-planting. There is no danger in the rooting of the seedlings even if half of their height is buried into the soil. Moreover, it can root at a rate of up to 65 to 80% even if the full height of the seedlings is buried. They show also strong resistance to submergence (10～15cm). The nursling seedlings tend to grow by producing tillers from lower nodes. It is therefore, necessary to control to keep the proper numbers of tillers per unit area. They have no fear in the delay of heading and their yield components can be so well balanced that the same level of yield was achieved with the nursling seedlings compared to that with Chibyo. It was further suggested that if the surplus tillers can be avoided by such cultivation practices, the number of grain per panicle can be kept greater and higher yield can be realized. Practical experiments with the nursling seedlings conducted in 1989 and 1990 by farmers in various areas showed exciting results. The nursling seedlings will become widely spread, or at least occupy an important position in Japanese and also in Korean rice cultivation techniques.tivation techniques.

• Archives of design research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.27-36
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• 1999

The history of the Korean textile industry is not very long. Its growth only began from the early 1960's. Since then, its production scale and export volume have enpanded enormosly. The textile industry made a great contribution to Korea's sustained economic growth over the past three decades. While expanding rapidly, however, the Korean textile industry went through many difficulties and problems. To survive through interational competition, the textile produce were manufactured on a subcontract basis and prices were set at too low levels. Consequently the profit margins were very small. To meet international competition for the 21st century, the textile industry requires restructuring and a drastic progress has to be made in textile design and technology. To become internationally competitive, the education system for textile design must be improved. The textile schools must be equipped with better technology and facilities so that students may have a hands-on experience and acquire application skills quickly and effectively. Also students should be given an opportunity to work in the industry as an intern. In order to make all these possible, both the government and the industry must be fully supportive. Textile designing can be considered a cultural reflection. This implies that to develop the textile industry requires the elevation of the people's mind and culture. To improve textile technology and to elevate the standard of textile design, the government and the textile schools must make continued effort together.