• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.55-63
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• 2001

N fertilizer recommendations to optimize with consideration to maximum crop yields, maximum profits, and minimum N losses to ground or runoff water, an advisory system. Nitrogen Expert System (NES), was developed. The system was to estimate the optimal rate of N fertilizer application cornfields in Illinois. NES was constructed using Smart Elements, a knowledge-based system that manages the expertise of human experts. NES was reinforced by addition of the effect of a productivity index (PI), soil organic matter content (SOM), and pre-sidedressing of nitrate concentration (PSNT) to the optimal N fertilizer recommendation. NES contains 49 rules, 1 class, 14 objects, and 2 properties. NES was successfully operated, showing N recommendations with inputs of three soil properties including PI, SOM, and PSNT. NES can reduce N loss to the environment, but adherence to the recommendations may also reduce farmers income. Therefore, NES will be more effective by evaluating both environmental damage assessment and other economic agricultural management parameters and other soil physico-chemical parameters.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose is to provide basic information for establishing improvements on performance-based pay's evaluation method of health teachers. Methods: For subjects, 200 teachers at public elementary schools and 200 health teachers at public elementary schools in Gyeonggi-do were conveniently sampled, and then surveyed through a questionnaire. The questionnaire was to recognize recognition of teachers working under the teacher's performance-based pay system, which was quoted in the questionnaire of Choi ji-hye (2005) and Lee mi-gyeong (2008). Inquiry for the recognition of teachers on evaluation of health teacher's performance-based pay system and improvements on the performance-based pay's evaluation method of health teachers were used after consultation with five incumbent health teachers and a review with the thesis director. Results: The performance-based pay's evaluation method of health teachers has the same method with general teachers in schools, so it is not fair to evaluate the performance of health teachers. The ways to improve the performance-based pay evaluation method of health teachers is as follows: first, the approval on improving 'the number of class hours' which is a detailed item of a teacher's performance evaluation criterion to 'the number of health lesson hours per week and the number of students visiting the school infirmary per week'; second, improving 'life guidance' into 'counseling results of medically-treated students, parents of students and personal hygiene guidance'; third, improving 'a teacher in charge' into 'awarding of points by being recognized as a health teacher in charge of all students and considering the economic situation of the region,; forth, improving 'difficulty of position' into 'the number of health-teacher's annual promotion task items and the treatment number of issuing and receiving of official documents', and improving the 'task difficulty' into 'importance and urgency of emergency patient management, risk level and urgency of infectious diseases and avoiding work in charge' appeared to be more than 90% respectively. Conclusion: The performance-based pay system of teachers being carried out every year should be executed by preparing fair evaluation criteria suitable for task properties and the role of health teachers with different evaluation criteria compared to general teachers.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.37-62
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• 2021

The purpose of this study is to develop a project-based teaching-learning instruction to solve the problems in family life. The developed process can be a practical plan to activate environmental education centered on living environment problems curriculum of Home Economic Education[HEE]. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, the curriculum of HEE and environmental education categories were compared and analyzed. The study selected 10 themes and developed a project-based HEE teaching-learning instruction with 8 sessions. The characteristics of the developed teaching-learning instruction are as follows. First, HEE curriculum included environmental knowledge, values and attitudes, competence, and practice and participation in environmental education and related categories in achievement standards and learning elements. Second, since HEE curriculum has a teaching-learning instruction plan based on project-based learning that allows learners to recognize and solve problems themselves was developed based on the real life-centered learning themes related to environmental education. It was also proposed that the subject of HEE has a high correlation with environmental competence and environmental practice, and thus environmental contents that can raise students' interests in society and environment should be added to the HEE curriculum. The teaching-learning instruction developed in this study can be used for classes such as HEE classes or free semeste. A follow up study would need to test the educational effects of this teaching and learning plan by implementing it to the actual class.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.86-107
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• 2014

The large stone cist tomb 8501 of Lingcheng prefecture Xiaoheishigou, according to Chinese chronology, was built during the late Western Zhou period. However in this tomb not only Chinese Zhongyuan style bronze ceremonial vessels but also indigenous style bronze ceremonial vessels and instruments and hybrid bronze ceremonial vessels with a mixture of both indigenous and Chinese styles were excavated in large numbers. The bronze ceremonial vessel assemblage of Xiaoheishigou, in comparison with the decorum regulations and bronze cauldron and coffer system of the Chinese Zhongyuan region of the same time period, belong to that of the lowest status category. However, in contrast to the lowest class category tombs of the Chinese Zhongyuan region, in this tomb, with the exception of cauldrons and coffers, the remaining food and wine vessels of the assemblage match the standard of emperors and feudal rulers of vassal states. This is reinforced by the burial of musical instruments. Of the bronze ceremonial vessels of Xiaoheishigou large stone cist tomb 8501, the indigenous and hybrid styles, in consideration of manufacture technology seem to have been manufactured locally. However, the form, pattern and also the standards of the Western Zhou style bronze ceremonial vessels are identical to those of the Chinese Zhongyuan region and therefore it is clear that they were manufactured in Western Zhou. The reason for these precious ceremonial vessels which were manufactured and used in the many individual vassal states of the Chinese Zhongyuan region being buried in Xiaoheishigou, seems to have been the result of economic exchange and friendly political relations between the Xiaoheishigou and other groups rather than these vessels having been plundered by the Xiaoheishigou group. A distinct cultural sphere existed between the Upper Xiajiadian culture and Western Zhou which interacted frequently with both sides.

• Maritime Security
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.43-70
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• 2021

This study started from questioning our general view that the Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) is a natural result of Japan being a prosperous and island country. Japan's naval power collapsed after World War II. The initial power of the JMSDF, founded in 1954, was very small and not different from the Republic of Korea Navy (ROKN), mostly consisting of ships given by or borrowed from the US. Although growing into the world's second-largest economy and the geographical characteristics of an island nation acted as an opportunity to increase naval forces, there were also difficulties in the early stage, such as a temporary severance with the Japanese Navy, strategic thinking centered on land forces, and an economic crisis caused by the oil crisis. As a result, the JMSDF has become a world-class naval power and is developing into a four helicopter carrier operating system, which may change the basic concept of exclusive defense. There are various factors behind the growth of Japan's naval power, but this study explores how to develop Korean naval forces by analyzing how Japan developed their escort fleet, the core of the JMSDF, focusing on the eight (艦)-eight (機) fleet system, which was the basic logic behind building the JMSDF.

• The Journal of Korean Philosophical History
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• no.31
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• pp.113-141
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• 2011

Everyone knows the importance of environmental education, which is essentially required especially today. In particular, the education could influence greatly students who have to get in their class and they might build their own thought on the basic concept regarding environment and ecosystem through their elementary school period. But the current elementary education has not the independent subject of 'environment' but only refers to other courses some dealing with it, leading to the highly possible failure of achieving comprehensive and concrete approaches toward environmental education. In that sense, it will be meaningful that based on existing academic discussions and approaches about various environmental issues facing our society, we seek desirable directions for environmental education at primary school for sustainable development that is needed in this era and its possible applications. The concept of sustainable development that puts an importance on the harmony between the development of environment and its preservation should be rather the one which helps to satisfy desires of the future and now generation together and also emphasizes that environmental protection should be primarily considered even in the situation in which economic development could be seen necessary. Therefore, the key to environmental education for sustainable development lies in building the attitude respecting 'life and nature' and such value will be accomplished through education.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.181-215
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• 2017

The study found that the origins of modern Korean welfare regime are closely related to the political and economic order of the U.S. military rule between 1945 and 1948. The creation of developmental state in 1960s and 1970s can not be imagined from the standpoint of the U.S. military rule. The U.S. military government dismantled the labor movement and the farmers' movement, and dealt a devastating blow to leftist political forces. Through this process, the U.S. military government turned the political landscape of the Republic of Korea, which was dominated by left-wing political forces in August 1945, completely transformed into the political landscape dominated by right-wing political forces. Moreover, it would not have been possible without the physical force of the US military government to transplant American capitalism instead of the social (democratic) state that the majority of the Korean people wanted. Through farmland reform, the traditional landowning classes were broken down, the revolutionary farmers turned into conservative peasants, and the distribution of factories owned by the Japanese led to the birth of a new capitalist class that was subordinated to the state. From the viewpoint of the welfare regime, the most significant meaning of the US military government is that it laid the foundations for the developmental state in the 1960s and 1970s in Korea.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.404-414
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• 2021

This study was to investigate the differences of functional health status and medical service experience and needs between general and vulnerable older people in community. This study is a cross-sectional descriptive research. The data obtained through direct visit surveys from November to December 2016. The target population of the study was older people over 65 years old, the final study subjects were 444 older people residing in one district of Seoul. The chi-square test was conducted to confirm the difference in their functional health areas and medical service experiences, and the necessity of medical service utilization in accordance to the social class. In the experience of abnormality in functional health, the vulnerable older people had higher experience in cognitive function, nutrition, hydration, pain, and falling than the general older people. The rate of experience of using medical service to solve the cognitive function problem for general older people was 31.9%, higher than that of the vulnerable older people. In contrast, the medical service utilization needs of the vulnerable older people in the pain management category was significantly higher than that of the general older people. In setting policy of public medical service programs for general and vulnerable older people in community may be differentially developed based on this study. In order to improve the medical accessibility of the vulnerable older people, public medical institutions should be actively supported to overcome obstacles to medical use due to economic barriers.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.819-825
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• 2020

This study explored the possibility of psychological testing as a way to proactively support underachieving students. Among the four-year college students that participated in our study, 43 students who participated in the academic warning support program for the second semester of 2019 and 30 students who had no academic warning experience used the data from the study personality type test. For data analysis, technical statistics, t-test, and correlation analysis were performed using jambi 1.1.9.0 to obtain the Pearson correlation. Studies have shown that the two classes of students differ in their learning behavior patterns. A student with a bachelor's degree warning scored high in the rest of the class, except for rebelliousness, perfection, mixed thoughts, hard work, satisfaction, single-mindedness and type satisfaction. This can be seen as a factor in the psychological conflict, such as the discrepancy between what one likes and what one studies, and lack of available support. It has been confirmed that psychology, emotional parts and economic support are needed as well as learning skills. In addition, this study is expected to provide basic data for proper preemptive support in schools, such as the prevention of dropouts and counseling programs.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.107-116
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• 2022

Local management trade ports are small-sized trade ports, which require active operation to strengthen the local cities' economic power and enhance the local industries' added value. In addition, local management trade ports should berth ships larger than the existing ships to increase efficiency and keep up with the international trend where ships are becoming larger. Furthermore, they should also prepare operating standards. This study selected Okgye Port among local management trade ports. We performed a mooring safety simulation evaluation according to the scenario where a 50,000 DWT vessel is moored at the current 20,000 DWT class pier. The emergency departure criteria were 27kts at 3.2s of wave period and 22kts at 5.0s of wave period at the existing pier. Results showed that mooring limit condition increased by about 50% to 41kts at 3.2s of wave period and 36kts at 5.0s of wave period. This study can be used for strengthening mooring facilities and setting operational standards for safe port operation when large ships are berthing.