The development of stream ecology, especially the progress of that field in North America, has been briefly reviewed, and stream studies in Korea were analyzed through literature survey. During the last two decades, theoretical advances in stream ecology and understanding of the structure and function of stream ecosystem were made from the studies mainly in North America. Early studies (1960-1970) focused on determination of the environmental factors controlling the distribution and abundance of organisms dwelling in streams. Introduction of conceptual development, such as the functional feeding concept, river continuum concept, and nutrient spiraling was notable in the late 70's and the 80's. For last 20 years, experimentation approaches to apply ecological principles were very fruitful in the understanding of community structure. Even though studies on the stream ecosystem is Korea have a long history, most of works were concentrated on limited subjects: water quality, abundance and distribution of aquatic insects and fishes. Basic ecological attributes of stream organi는 and test of ecological principles have rarely been a subject of research topics. We must concentrate our effort to enhance our understanding of stream and river ecosystem through qualitative, experimental and interdisciplinary approaches.
Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
/
v.11
no.2
/
pp.114-122
/
2008
Roof greening recently emerged to be an important issue of environmental policies in a city. To cover roofs of buildings with green vegetation gives chances not only to improve urban environmental function but also provides the opportunities of environmental learning and convenience for users in the building. This study aimed to give directions for roof greening plan to designers by acknowledging the relationships between ecological and utilizational effectiveness. 10 sites and 15 variables were adopted to measure the relationships. As a result, no positive correlations was found between them. One of the results in correlation analysis among variables, however, showed that the roof gardens have high utilizational effectiveness only when a green roof was made by focusing on ecological functions in addition to the concepts that will guarantee user's convenience such as accessibility, entrance and exit, facilities for convenience and learning. The results implies that a green roof has to be designed considering multi-functional effects. Correlation between species of vegetation and the number of daily users, average staying hours, and attending level for environment educational programs were not significant. These findings imply that when a green roof has to be take high utilizational effectiveness, both plentiful vegetation species and design concepts for users' convenience are should be considered.
This research put most emphasis on setting the guidelines for improvement through character analysis of landscape ecology to cope with ecological malfunction of the woodland surrounded in cultivated areas. The results are as follows. 1) As a result of character analysis of the woodland in cultivated area in point of landscape ecology in five case sites, the size of case site 3 is the largest as $3,000m^2$ and it is shown that a colony of pine trees which is valuable in terms of ecological, scientific, historic and cultural senses. 2) As a result of analysis on expansibility of woodland in cultivated area, case site 1 is 0.25, the lowest, flexibility is 4, the highest. In order to improve ecological function in woodland, it is regarded that maintaining curve form rather than straight one. 3) As a result of analysis of morphological diversity, case site 5 shows 1.3, the highest. However, the condition of vegetation and emergence frequency of species indicates low value degree. 4) Based on the result of analysis of landscape ecological character like above, the number of guidelines for the woodland in cultivated area is three and vegetation is four.
Despite its ecological importance of wetlands in our life, wetlands around cities and villages have been steadily disappearing. It is mainly due to either natural geological changes or man-made causes such as permitted land zone changes for the purpose to convert to agriculture land. This study aims to establish a comprehensive database of wetlands using GIS in a historic conservation city Gongju City. The systemic data management would enable to identify distribution of wetlands and their ecological attributes, and to estimate the conservation value of the wetlands. The data base will be able to use in strategic way to preserve the local ecological areas for local residents and tourists and manage the quality of wetlands in the historic and conservation city. For the purpose, it is suggested organising a wider network with not only local residents but local authorities and relevant stakeholders would be beneficial. This study also recommends that long-term strategic plan to preserve the existing wetlands. This study findings as a seminal case example can be used to apply to other geographical areas of the country and can contribute to create a national ecological nature map as well as evaluate the attributes and quality of natural ecosystem service of the region.
Various methodologies have been proposed in discussions of sustainability to meet the needs and sustenance of both civilization and the ecosystem. Among them, the modern concept of biomimicry is emerging as a way to meet both the concepts of sustainable 'development' and 'society', due to its philosophical position encompassing the human-centered world view and the non-human-centered view of ecocentrism. Therefore, in the field of design in which it is necessary to take responsibility for environmental and social problems, this could be a good way to solve these issues. Biomimicry design can generally be divided into three stages: form, function, and ecosystem. From the point of view of ecological sustainability, ecosystem imitation is the most advanced and appropriate design approach that can solve the problems or even prevent them. Accordingly, this study derived a biomimicry design approach in the ecosystem imitation stage based on the concepts of biomimicry, ecological sustainability, and ecological aesthetics. The detailed approaches are 'imitation of the natural providence', 'imitation of the ecosystem's creation process', and 'imitation of the ecological cycle'. This study investigated and presented cases, such as the design imitating the ecological mechanism of microorganisms and the work using mark-making based on the derived design approach, because it could be too conceptual and idealistic by itself. Through this, we explored a method of applying and visualizing the concept of biomimicry in textile design at the ecosystem imitation level and showed its feasibility, although it still has difficulties in practical use.
Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
/
v.28
no.1
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pp.70-82
/
2000
This is a study to generate a theoretical base for the development of wildlife corridor as a solution to the problems of wildlife population size reduction and declining bio-diversity resulting from the fragmented habitats caused by road constructions. This study seeks to examine and define techniques in very aspect of wildlife corridor including planning, site selection, design and development, and maintenance through an actual application. The results of this study are as follows. 1) The wildlife corridor should be developed in an approach supplementing a landscape ecological approach and a restoration ecological approach bilaterally. To this end, systematic methodology and process are required. 2) It was restored an ecosystem as close as possible go to the forest ecosystem before road development. In addition, in order to allow it to function as an ecological corridor, topography restoration, stream development, and ecological plantation were implemented. 3) The result of monitoring activities that continued for one year since the development confirmed the migration and inhabitation of a number of animals including small mammals. It is judged that it functions as a corridor in fragmented habitats as initially expected. 4) Through continuous monitoring in the future, the effects of corridor development on ecological restoration need to be reviewed in a long-term perspective. There is also a need to develop and refine a comprehensive maintenance plan for wildlife corridors and their surroundings. Based on such study results, actual data on the development of wildlife corridor should be accumulated. In follow-up studies, after continuous monitoring for a long period of time, the effects of wildlife corridor development should be evaluated comprehensively and wildlife corridor applicable to Korea should be standardized by correcting disclosed problems.
Park, Yong-Su;Kim, Dae-Heui;Cho, Dong-Gil;Kim, Kwi-Gon
Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
/
v.9
no.3
/
pp.26-38
/
2006
For both a healthy environment and sustainable development, we frame a habitat assessment method, concerning biodiversity and physical characteristics. With the method, we set up and extract conservation areas from Peace Valley Resort Development Areas which can function as habitats. Absolute and relative assessment items which are the size of area, habitation of species with conservation value, distribution of communities, functions of habitats, ratio of non-native plants, connectivity of habitats, vegetation layers of forests and age of forests, and water systems are considered on newly extracted conservation areas, and the habitat value assessment was calculated on the items in a 3-point scale. By comparing and examining 3 existing proposals for extracted conservation areas, we assess existing proposals, make an alternative proposal, and try to verify the possibility of applicability to extracted conservation areas. Proposal A and C must not be adopted since almost all conservation areas would be developed in the proposals. Proposal B, consisting of 53% development areas and 47% non-development areas, does not have enough development areas, so high density building arrangements should be encouraged in order to preserve conservation areas. Therefore, proposal B would be the best in ecological terms among the 3 proposals, if 3 conditions are considered : 1) new extracted conservation areas should be conserved; 2) 10~15m wide green-zones on both sides of the water system, which can play a role as ecological corridors, should be considered in development areas; 3) building arrangement should not interrupt the ecological corridors.
Park, Jun-Kyu;Kang, Tae Gyu;Lee, Ji-Eun;Kim, Ji-Eun;Kim, Younghyun;Do, Yuno
Proceedings of the National Institute of Ecology of the Republic of Korea
/
v.3
no.1
/
pp.32-40
/
2022
The trade-off between morphology and physical function may vary according to ecological traits. Taking a quantitative approach, we attempted to analyze the differences in the skeletal shape of the lower body and limbs in relation to the ecological traits of four anuran species (Dryophytes japonicus, Glandirana rugosa, Pelophylax nigromaculatus, and Lithobates catesbeianus) occurring in South Korea. Body size, locomotor mode, microhabitat, trophic positions, and predator defense mechanisms were selected for the ecological traits of the anurans. The pelvis, ilium, and urostyle, which are associated with locomotor performance, were selected for the skeletal shape of the lower body. The ratio of limbs, which is related to locomotor mode and microhabitat, was confirmed by analyzing the skeletons of the forelimbs (radio-ulnar and humerus) and hindlimbs (femur and tibiofibular). Both landmark-based geometric morphometrics and traditional methods were used for skeletal shape comparison. The skeletal shape of the lower body was completely different among the four species, whereas the ratio of the limbs was only different in D. japonicus. The skeletal shape of the lower body may be related to body mass and predator defense mechanisms, whereas the ratio of the limbs was related to the locomotor mode and microhabitat. Quantifying these morphological differences among various species can help elucidate the mechanisms of behavioral and morphological changes in response to ecological effects.
Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
/
v.14
no.1
/
pp.11-22
/
2011
This study was established to build and suggest the Ecological Performance Standards for replaced wetlands as the mitigation strategies for the construction projects. The request performance and assessment factors and standards were derived by bibliographic review and verified by the field survey for the reference wetlands. And the weights for each factor were derived by AHP(Analytical Hierarchy Process) method. The results are as follows : 1) Assessment factors were induced by in-depth research of many wetland assessment models and benchmarks evaluated ecological functions. This study proposed final 12 assessment factors through ecological specialist and experts interviews added with literature analysis. 2) 10 natural wetlands were selected as Reference Wetlands as the measure to propose assessment factors and assessment criteria. Those reference wetlands are well-conserved inland natural wetlands classified to the one having worthy to conserve (grade "high") according to RAM(Rapid Assessment Method). Reference wetlands chosen by the study are Parksilji, Jeongyangji, Mulkubi, Bawineupkubi, Jilnalneup, Jinchonneup, Doomoso, Haepyung wetland, Whangjeong wetland, and Whapo wetland. The research developed assessment criteria for the performance assessment factors based on several explorations of the reference wetlands. 3) "Requiring performance" of replaced wetlands is defined as "to carry out similar or same ecological functions provided by natural wetlands", in overall. The detailed requiring performances are as follows; ${\bullet}$ to play a role of wildlife habitats ${\bullet}$ to have biological diversity ${\bullet}$ to connect with other ecosystems ${\bullet}$ to provide water environment to perform good ecological functions 4) The assessment factors for required performance are categorized by wildlife habitat function, biological diversity, connectivity of adjacent ecosystem, and water environment. Wildlife habitat category is consisted of wildlife habitat creation, size of replacement wetland, and site suitability. Biological diversity category contains the number of plant species, the number of wildlife species, and number of protected species as the sub-factors. Connectivity of adjacent ecosystem is comprised of wildlife corridor, green network and distance from other ecosystem. Finally, water environment make up with water quality, depth of water body, and shape of waterfront. 5) Finally, every assessment factors were verified and weighted by the AHP methods and the final standards were proposed. The weights of factors of requiring performance suggested as habitat (0.280), connectivity (0.261), diversity (0.260), hydraulic environment (0.199). And those of detailed sub-factors are site suitability (0.118), protected species (0.096), distance to neighbor ecosystem (0.093), habitat creating (0.091), green corridor (0.090) etc.
Major cities have strengthened their efforts to improve the environmental function of the urban forest through aspects of quantity and quality. Yet, it is difficult to propose both long-term improvement and management policy direction continuously due to a lack of evaluating method that social needs could be reflected. After all, effective strengthening of the function of an urban forest, composed of social and biotic environments, is essential to create evaluation criteria. Such data reflects a quantity variation and identifies the distribution and habitation of biotic sources as well. An assessment of utilization possibilities presents such values as a green connectivity, an ecological healthiness, and usage and access opportunities. Consequently, this research was executed to create an urban forest sustainability index that proposes a management and policy direction based on the evaluation of quantity and quality aspects. This study was processed by the following steps: a degree of importance of ecological aspect, a sub-classification index choice, and an examination of adequacy. This research was conducted from premises that urban forest had another functions comparisons to a natural forest. As a result, a criteria of sustainability should be considered to evaluate an ecological aspect, as well as the social and management aspects regarding human disturbance. This research is designed to develop an evaluation index for ecological aspect. In order to evaluate the ecological healthiness of an urban forest, a vegetation index considers aspects of related rarity, damage possibility, naturalness, area, and diversity. In a wildbird index-related study, forest duration and area were selected. Finally, a variance analysis is presented, inclusive of stability, naturalness, diversity, potentiality, and possibility of wildlife inhabitation, which is indicative of an urban forest sustainability index.
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