• 대한한방소아과학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.217-225
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• 2008

Objectives : Prevalence of night eating habit associated with substance use and obesity is increasing rapidly in children and adolescents. Further, staying up late and eating snacks late at night were known as leading health risk behaviors for children, suggesting the potential adverse effect of night-eating habit on children. However, only few reports had been issued on the effect of night-eating habit on gastrointestinal symptom and SUI-TAI(水滯) symptom of children. Therefore, we aimed to investigate clinical characteristics of children by night-eating symptom status. Methods : Parents were asked to give a detailed answer to a systemized medical history questionnaire concerning night-eating habit, gastrointestinal symptom and SUI-TAI symptom of their children. Medical records of 28 children treated in the Department of Pediatrics, Hospital of Oriental Medicine, were the subject of this study. Clinical characteristics of two groups of children who with no night-eating habit and frequent night-eating group(eating at night more than 3 times per week) were analysed. In addition, the correlation analysis between clinical characteristics were performed. Results : Children with frequent night-eating habit(n=7, more than 3 days of night-eating a week) were observed to have more aggravated gastrointestinal symptom and SUI-TAI symptom compared with those without night-eating habit(n=13). In parallel, the association of gastrointestinal symptom and SUI-TAI symptom was demonstrated(n=28). Conclusions : It is notable that deranged gastrointestinal function and aggravated SUI-TAI symptom were observed among children generally regarded as healthy. Therefore, endeavors to correct night-eating habit as well as to treat aggravated gastrointestinal and SUI-TAI symptoms are needed for the promotion of health of children.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.209-221
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• 2023

This study aimed to provide fundamental data that could guide high school students' night eating behavior by investigating habits of their night eating consumption during COVID-19 pandemic (From 2021/5/13 to 5/20). Association between their eating habits and the Nutrition Quotient for Korean Adolescents (NQ-A) were also explored. This study included a total of 604 students, among whom 441 students were identified as night eating consumers. Among all subjects, 30.5% consumed night eating 3~4 times a week, 27.3% consumed 1-2 times a week, and 27.0% did not consume any night eating at all. The high-night eating group had a higher score of total NQ-A than the non-night eating group for both male (p<0.05) and female (p<0.001) students. This was because male students in the high-night eating group reported significantly higher rates of daily dinner consumption compared to non-night eating group. Furthermore, both male (p<0.05) and female (p<0.001) students showed a significant increase in 'Moderation'. 'Diversity' was also significantly increased in female studies (p<0.05) as subcategories of dietary habits according to night eating frequency. These findings highlight the need for practical research to develop nutritional guidelines for night eating that reflect preferences of students while providing adequate nutritional habits.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.563-576
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate night-time eating habits, and dietary habit and nutrient intake of university students in a particular area of Chungnam. We surveyed night-time eating status, frequency, and preference for eating foods at night in 458 university students. We divided the subjects into two groups according to their night-time eating habits and gender and compared dietary behavior, lifestyle, and nutrient intake between the groups. In total, 77.1% of the students ate a night-time snack. The major reason why they ate a night-time snack was hunger. The cost of the night-time snacks was 3,000~10,000 won and they ate mostly with their friends. The order of frequent night-time eating foods was beverage, milk and its products, snacks, flour foods, and fruits. The subjects with a night-time eating habit skipped breakfast, went to bed late, and drank alcohol more than subjects without a night-time eating habit. Total and animal fat intake of subjects with a night-time eating habit in both men and women were significantly higher than subjects without a night-time eating habit. In conclusion, night-time eating by university students may be a bad habit from the viewpoint of skipping breakfast, drinking alcohol, and eating a high fat diet. Therefore, in support of proper dietary management, it is necessary to form positive dietary habits, including night-time eating.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.721-732
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary behavior and late-night eating habit of university students in Daejeon. Questionnaires were collected from 432 students and statistically analyzed according to residence type. One thirds of students took meals irregularly and skipped breakfast because of no time. Both Relative self-boarding and dormitory boarding group skipped breakfast more frequently than home group(p<0.01). The carbonated drink was most frequently chosen during late-night eating. The most favorite alcoholic beverage was soju and 54.7% of students drank soju 1~2 times per week near campus. Almost half of them took late-night foods 1~2 times per week at home(51.8%), near campus(25.8%), near home(15.6%), down town(6.9%). The percentage of late-night eating near campus was higher in dormitory boarding group than both home group and relative self-boarding group(p<0.001). Late-night foods were selected based on taste in 1~2 man won and enjoyed with 2~3 friends until 12 pm. The more in relative self-boarding group chose late-night foods based on taste than both home and dormitory boarding group(p<0.05). The main intake method for late-night foods was delivery. The results of this study suggest that nutritional education is required for relative self-boarding group to change dietary behavior and to select proper late-night foods for their health.

• 한국가정과교육학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2001

The purpose of the study is to investigate the relationships between the BMI and food preference. eating behaviors. and nutrition knowledge score among the middle school male and female students. A total of 394 students from 4 different middle school in Seoul were participated in this study. The students were categorized into 3 groups by BMI : under-weight(〈20). ideal(20$\leq$BMI〈25). and overweight($\geq$25) groups. The data on food preference. eating behavior. and nutrition knowledge were collected by a questionnaire. All data were analyzed by means as frequency. percentage. mean and standard deviation. F-test. $\chi$$^2$-test. and correlation analysis. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. BMI average of the male students was 21.4 About 45% of the students were in ideal weight group. 40% were in under-weight group. and 15% were in overweight group according to BMI. 2. About 62% of the participants wanted to lose weight : 43% of the male students. and 82% of the female students. And 33% of the students wished to lose more than 7kg of body weight. 3. Preference score for animal protein foods was the highest in overweight group. On the other hand. preference score of vegetables was the highest in under-weight group. 4. All 3 BMI groups eat more foods on dinner compared to lunch or breakfast. Eating amount score of between-meal was highest(eat more) in under-weight group. and the lowest(eat less) in overweight group. But the percentage of students who eat snack at night was the highest in overweight group. 5. Among the eating behavior variables. eating frequency of snack at night and eating speed were significantly different among 3 groups. Overweight group eat snack at night less frequently and eating speed is faster than the other groups(p〈.05). 6. Nutrition knowledge score was the highest in overweight group. but the difference was insignificant. It is shown that about 40% of the participants belong to under-weight group. but 62% wished to lose weights. Parents and teachers should watch out the juvenile students'health. especially whether they try to lose weight or maintain unrealistically low weight.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.675-690
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• 2019

Objective: This study investigated the effect of diet and roughage quality (RQ) on dry matter intake, duration and number of daytime and night-time eating bouts, idling sessions and ruminating activities in small ruminants. Methods: In Exp 1 and 2, RQ was improved by urea treatment of veld hay, while diet quality was improved by supplementing with Lucerne hay (Exp 3), sunflower meal and lespedeza (Exp 4), fish meal (Exp 5a), and sunflower meal (Exp 5b). In all experiments goats and sheep were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to experimental diets. Day-time (06:00 to 18:00 h) and night time (18:00 to 06:00 h) feeding behaviour activities were recorded. Results: RQ affected rumination index in Exp 1, but not in Exp 2, 3, and 5. Time spent eating and ruminating was affected by RQ (Exp 1, 3, and 4), period of day (all experiments) and their interaction (Exp 1). Intake rates (g/bout and g/min) were similar across diets. Period of day affected the duration of rumination sessions (Exp 1, 2, and 3); diet or RQ affected the duration of eating bouts (Exp 3) and rumination sessions (Exp 1 and 2). RQ had a significant effect on the duration of eating sessions in Exp 3 only, whilst period of day affected this same behaviour in Exp 2 and 3. Generally, goats and sheep fed on roughage alone ruminate at night and eat more during the day but those fed a roughage and supplemented with Lucerne hay spent more time ruminating than eating. Time spent eating and ruminating had positive correlations to crude protein and feed intake. Intake rates had strong positive correlations to intake. Conclusion: Chewing time, number of eating and ruminating sessions, and duration of eating bouts are physiologically controlled in small ruminants, though chewing time requires isometric scaling during modelling of intake.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2014

Background: This study examined the relationships between stress responses and lifestyle, including sleeping and eating behaviors, in Japanese workers according to sex. Methods: Questionnaires about stress responses and lifestyle were completed by 3,017 workers in a financial enterprise (41.5% men, 58.5% women). Data were collected in Japan in August 2011. Participants were classified into stress and nonstress groups. Relationships between stress responses and lifestyle were investigated using logistic regression analysis with stress response as a dependent variable. Results: There were 254 (8.4%) participants in the stress group and 2,763 (91.6%) in the nonstress group. The results showed that sleeping for shorter periods [odds ratio (OR) = 2.97, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.58-5.60] was associated with stress responses in women, whereas we found no relationship between stress responses and lifestyle among men. However, working overtime was associated with stress responses in men (OR = 2.71, 95% CI: 1.43-5.15). Eating at night was associated with stress responses in the univariate analysis (men: OR = 2.10, 95% CI: 1.16-3.80; women: OR = 1.61, 95% CI: 1.09-2.39). Conclusion: This study showed that stress responses were related to lifestyle among women but not among men. Among women, stress responses were related to sleeping for shorter periods, whereas they were related to working long hours among men. In addition, stress responses were related to eating at night in the univariate analysis, although this relationship was not seen in the multivariate analysis, in either sex.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.278-287
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• 2024

Objectives: This study investigates the relationship between smartphone usage and eating behavior among elementary school students. Methods: This survey was conducted on 4th- to 6th-grade students at elementary schools in Gangneung from September 6th to September 15th, 2023. Of the 129 copies of the questionnaire that were distributed to 5 schools, 66 copies (51.2%) were returned. Results: Compared to the nationwide statistics, the smartphone ownership rate of elementary school students in Gangneung was lower, but the rate of smartphone overdependence was higher. Smartphone dependence was 21.12 points for study subjects and 26.00 points for the overdependence risk group (Org). Compared to national statistics, the self-control failure factor was higher, so study participants in Gangneung City are thought to have great difficulty with self-control. The Org's weekend smartphone use time of 7.54 hours was significantly more than the general user group (Gug)'s 4.06 hours. The number of days in which the Org consumed late-night snacks per week was 2.92 days, and the Gug had 2.15 days, but the difference was not significant. Eating fast food showed a positive correlation with eating sweet food, eating fatty food, and eating heavily seasoned food. It was found that frequent consumption of fast food is closely correlated with unhealthy eating behavior. Weekend smartphone use time showed a significant positive correlation with smartphone dependence and the number of days late-night snacks consumed per week. Conclusions: Study participants in Gangneung are more dependent on smartphones than national statistics. Smartphone dependence had a negative correlation with healthy eating behavior and a correlation with average unhealthy eating behavior.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.289-301
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the food habits and the dietary intake of female college students at day and night class in the Kyunggido area. The questionnaires were collected from 294 students(151 day class and 143 night class students) out of 350 in total. The results are as follows: Breakfast for day class students and breakfast and dinner of night class students were skipped more than 3 times a week. The main reason was short of time. In the behavior of food intake, the frequency of yellow-green vegetables, milk and seaweeds intake was low in all respondents. 18.4% of night class students ate out 3 times a day. In the kind of menu for eating out, Korean food was the most frequent. snack food the second, and fast food came last. 23.9% of students ate something 2 or 3 times a day between meals. The main reason for eating between meals was the desire to eat for day class students, and hunger for the night time students. Consumption of coffee was 0.76 cup a day Daily mean of calory intake was 1.394 kcal and the ratio of carbohydrate. protein lipid was 61:14:25. The intakes of iron and niacin of the day class students were higher than those of night class students. There was no significant difference in intake of other nutrients between day and night class students. Intake of calcium and iron did not reach 50% of Korean RDA.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.342-350
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• 2010

This study investigates differences in middle school male students' anthropometric variables and dietary habits using BMI (Body Mass Index) classifications. $\chi^2$ -test for frequency and ANOVA test for mean value and duncan value were used to analyze results. Averaged results of three groups of middle school male students' anthropometry including height (normal group 164.4 cm, overweight group 165.0 cm, obese group 167.0 cm), weight (normal group 56.0 kg, overweight group 70.0 kg, obese group 83.2 kg) and waist circumference (normal group 20.7 cm, overweight group 79.8 cm, overweight group 89.6 cm) were resulted. Classification of obese group was based upon 2007 growth charts using BMI criteria. This study indicates the normal weight group boys have over-eating related dietary habits and the obese groups have less calorie dietary habits. They answered oppositely to normal recognition. The obese group reflected dietary problems, such as preferences for sweet fruit rather than normal group males. Dinnertime of the groups were significantly different and obese group's earlier dinnertime can influence on their late night snack eating. Forty precent of obese male group like fruits as late night eating food. Three meal amount of three groups were significantly different, as obese group answered they ate same amount at every meal. It can mean obese group ate more amount of food in every meal. Overweight and obese male students have dietary problem of fast eating and answers of unbalanced eating were higher in normal group. These could mean obese group eats well in every food and fast eating habit could lead a lot of food eating habit. Obese group chooses out-going food of less calorie and frequency of fast food eating was lower than normal group. In result, obese group answered that they have less calorie related dietary habits, it could mean their answers were false or fixed dietary habit. Therefore, more researches should be followed.