• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1993

The purpose of this study is to examine the level of customers' cognition, the patterns of shopping and the level of satisfaction for foods sold in "24-hour market stor", and thus to provide a guideling for establishment of 24-hour market store", and thus to provide a guideline for establishment of 24-hour market store, development of Korean-style food, and enhancement of desirable habit of eating. The study conducted a survey for the young customers (13-19 years old) and the old customers (20-38 years old), the residents in Tague City, for the period Sept. 1-Sept.30. The survey administered to a total of 700 respondents, and finally received 646 ansers. Data analysis incorporates Chi-square test, univariate analysis, Scheffe's test, and correlation analysis, running SPSS Pc+(Statistical Package for Social Science). The results were drawn as follows: In terms of the level of cognition, results show a high level in the aspects of availability, convenience, time-saving in cooking, a variety of goods, easy custody: a medium level in the aspects of taste and sanitation: a low level in the aspects of cheapness and import of foreign food, In terms of customers' shopping patterns, the results show that the respondents answered the most convenience in 24-hour open and nearby location. Shopping was mostly done during the evening time between 18:00 and 22:00, and frequently during the mid-night time. Most of the residents needed a high level in the price. in terms of the level of customers' satisfaction, the results show a high level in the aspects of convenience, packing, and variety ; a medium level in the aspects of taste and sanitation ; a low level in the aspects of nutrition, price, import of foreign goods.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.717-729
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• 2013

Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis (BIA) is a non-invasive and low-cost technique that estimates body composition based on the distribution of water and electrolytes in the body by analyzing body's electrical responses to source voltages. In this work, we carried out a systematic literature review on BIA researches in traditional East Asian medicine (TEAM). For comparison, firstly we introduced the concept and principle of BIA, and offered a general overview of research trends in western medical perspectives. We searched through the databases of Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System and DataBase Periodical Information Academic for the articles published between 1994 and 2013, with keywords such as 'BIA', 'bioelectrical impedance' and 'impedance'. Among the rough-searched 274 articles, we finally selected 21 articles appropriate to the intended research field. The selected articles were categorized into diagnosis in Sasang medicine, impedance analysis in meridian system, and change of body composition after taking herbal medicine. We found that most of BIA researches in TEAM were preliminary and remained in the peripheral levels which is far behind the western medical research activities. Therefore, more efforts are needed to study BIA in association with major subjects such as pattern identification or physiological/pathological phenomena. In addition, methodological breakthrough of BIA is possible by applying the diagnostic concepts of the TEAM in relation to the balance of Qi and Blood.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제54권10호
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• pp.3614-3619
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• 2022

To operate the ion cyclotron resonance heating (ICRH) antennas in a better heating state and produce relatively low impurities, it is necessary to control the antenna spectrum by changing the antenna phasing. As the electrical length of the antenna feeding transmission lines is changing as a matter of the standing wave pattern at the ceramic supports, 90° elbows, T-connectors and antenna loops, we chose to measure the current at the grounding points of the antenna loops by antenna strap probe. The voltage drops along a small, several millimeter-long paths at the end of the antenna loops give a signal that is proportional to the current in the antenna loop. Through the simulation of the antenna strap probe and the actual measurement of the antenna phasing under vacuum conditions, the reliability of the antenna strap probe based diagnostic system have been successfully proved. Moreover, this system was successfully applied to the ICRH daily experiments in the spring of 2021. In the near future, the active real-time feedback control of the antenna phasing system will be developed based on this diagnostic system in the EAST tokamak.

• 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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• 해양환경안전학회 2003년도 추계학술발표회
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• pp.163-166
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• 2003

The seasonal mean wind direction and wind speed in a greater coasting area are investigated using the ECMWF(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) data for 11 years from 1985 to 1995. In winter, the main wind direction in Korea and vicinity, Taiwan and vicinity, and the North Pacific Ocean of middle latitudes is a northwesterly wind, northeasterly wind, and westerly wind respectively. The wind speed is strongest in the East China Sea, the South China Sea, and the North Pacific Ocean of low latitudes(Beaufort wind scale 5-6). A distribution pattern of wind direction in spring and fall is similar to that in winter. Seasonal mean wind speed is strongest in winter and the next is fall. The wind speed in summer is generally weak. However, that in the Indochina and vicinity is strong by the influence of Asian monsoon.

• 한국제4기학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.6-11
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• 2008

Vegetation change reconstructed by pollen analysis is effective to clarify natural conditions such as climate and soil as well as intensity of human activity. Pollen analysis in Korea is difficult to obtain peaty soil sedimented by low relief geomorphollogically and formation age is usually confined to obtain information during young Holocene as well as little absolute age data. Isopollen map was constructed in order to analyze the change of vegetation environment time-spatially during Holocene based on the 30 data with age dated from 78 results from pollen analysis in Korea. The indicatives for vegetation environment were the main trees in Korea such as Alnus, Pinus, Quercus and AP/NAP during the periods of 6,000 y.BP, 4,000 y.BP, 3,000 y.BP, 2,000 y.BP, 1,000 y.BP. As a result, the regional time-spatial patterns of vegetation distribution appeared clearly on the isopollen map. The dominant vegetation stage was repeated in the different pattern e.g. the dominance between Alnus and Quercus at West Coast and between Pinus and Quercus at East Coast competitively.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.383-394
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• 2014

The surface sediments from the manganese nodule exploration area of Korea in the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone were investigated to understand the resource potential of and emplacement mechanism for rare earth elements (REEs). The sediments are categorized into three lithological units (Unit I, II and III from top to bottom), but into two groups (Unit I/II and Unit III) based on the distribution pattern of REEs. The distribution pattern of REEs in Unit I/II is similar to that of Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), but shows a negative Ce anomaly and enrichment in heavy REEs (HREEs). In Unit III, the HREE enrichment and Ce anomaly is much more remarkable than Unit I/II when normalized to PAAS, which are interpreted as resulting from the absorption of REEs from seawater by Fe oxyhydroxides that were transported along the buoyant plume from remotely-located hydrothermal vents. It is supported by the PAAS-normalized REE pattern of Unit III which is similar to those of seawater and East Pacific Rise sediments. Meanwhile, the PAAS-normalized REE pattern of Unit I/II is explained by the 4:1 mixing of terrestrial eolian sediment and Unit III from each, indicating the much smaller contribution of hydrothermal origin material to Unit I/II. The studied sediments have the potentiality of a low-grade and large tonnage REE resource. However, the mining of REE-bearing sediment needs a large size extra collecting, lifting and treatment system to dress and refine low-grade sediments if the sediment is exploited with manganese nodules. It is economically infeasible to develop low-grade REE sediments at this moment in time because the exploitation of REE-bearing sediments with manganese nodules increase the mining cost.

• 환경생물
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.67-80
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• 2006

환경특성이 초미소 식물플랑크톤의 분포에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해 서태평양의 열대와 아열대 수역(TSWP)과 동해에서 2002년 9월 조사를 하였고, 동중국해 대륙붕수역 (C-ECS)은 2003년 8월에 조사를 수행하였다. 초미소 식물플랑크톤은 flow cytometry 방법을 이용 Synechoroccus, Prorhlorococcus 그리고 picoeukaryotes의 3개체군으로 구분 계수하였다. 물리화학적 환경이 상이한 3곳의 조사수역 별로 초미소 식물플랑크콘들의 수직분포, 100m 수심까지 적분된 풍도를 비교하였다. 분석결과 synechococcus와 Prochlorococcus의 적분된 개체수는 3곳의 조사수역에서 서로 상반되는 결과를 보였다. Synechococcus는 TSWP에서 정점평균 $84.5X10^{10}\;cells\;m^{-2}$의 풍도를, C-ECS에서 $305.6X10^{10}\;cells\;m^{-2}$를 동해에선 $124.5X10^{10}\;cells\;m^{-2}$의 풍도를 보여 영영염이 풍부한 지역에서 풍도가 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 이에 반해 Prochlorococcus는 빈 영양 환경의 TSWP에서 $504.5X10^{10}\;cells\;m^{-2}$의 가장 높은 풍도를 보였으며, 영양염 환경이 양호한 C-ECS에서 낮은 풍도를 보이는 독특한 분포양상을 나타냈다. Picoeukaryotes는 Synechococcus와 유사한 지역적 변화를 보였으나 풍도는 약 1/10정도를 나타냈다. Synechococcus와 picoeukaryotes는 모든 정점에서 출현한 반면 Prochlorococcus는 일반적으로 C-ECS와 동해의 저염 환경에서 출현하지 많았다. Synechococcus와 Prochlorococcus의 수층별 평균 풍도의 수직분포는 표면 혼합층에서 유사한 수준을 보이다 이심에서 급격한 감소를 나타냈다. 그러나 TSWP에선 풍도의 급격한 감소가 나타나지 많고 100 m 수심까지 높은 풍도를 나타냈다. Picoeukaryotes는 C-ECS에서 100 m까지 유사한 수준의 풍도를 보였으며, 동해의 $20\sim30\;m$ 수심에선 최대 풍도층이 나타났다.

• 한국전통조경학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.55-67
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• 2014

조선시대 경강 동호지역은 역사와 문화적 요소가 풍부하여 역사문화경관의 명승명소가 많았으나 현대 한강은 자연경관에 비해서 문화성과 역사성이 낮은 것으로 인식되고 있다. 본 연구는 한강이 지니고 있는 역사문화적 요소를 한강의 경관에 적용하고자 조선시대 문화공간의 경관 특성을 린치의 시각적 이미지요소에 적용하여 경관특성을 살펴보았다. 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 동호를 시각적 이미지 요소에 적용했을 때 '통로'로서 높게 인식되었고 가장자리를 의미하는 '경계'의 명료성 또한 동호가 높게 인식되었다. 방향 전환점인 '결절점'은 두모포가 인지도에서 우수하게 나타났다. 린치의 시각적 이미지 요소에서 '랜드마크'를 문화공간에 적용했을 때 경강 동호, 압구정, 제천정이 우월한 인지도를 보임으로써 역사문화경관의 지명도와 명성은 시각적 이미지 요소에 비례하는 것으로 파악되었다. 문화공간의 패턴, 구조, 의미가 명료하고 정체성이 확실할수록 '랜드마크'와 '지역'요소가 높게 인식되었다. 공간의 지명도가 높을수록 역사문화경관의 인지도가 높았다. 그러므로 한강의 역사문화경관 복원 시 시각적 인지도를 고려하여 조사하고 사례연구 함으로써 장소의 복원과 함께 역사성과 문화성에 대한 인지도를 높일 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2022

Objectives: Bee venom (BV) is a widely used therapy in Traditional East Asian Medicine (TEAM). We previously reported that BV was clinically effective for treating Parkinson's disease, that phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) was the main component of BV, and that it induced regulatory T cells (Tregs) by binding CD206 on dendritic cells (DCs). Therefore, we aimed to reconfirm our findings in human blood samples and investigate the relationship between CD206⁺ DCs and clinical syndrome differentiation in TEAM. Methods: We surveyed 100 subjects with questionnaires on cold-heat patternization and obtained their blood samples. The obtained human peripheral blood monocytes (hPBMCs) were washed with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). After resuspension with ex vivo media, numbers of cells were counted. Tregs were counted after culturing the samples in a 37℃ CO₂ incubator for 72 h. Results: We divided the subjects into a relatively high CD206⁺ group or a relatively low CD206⁺ group. The heat factor scores of high CD206⁺ group were significantly higher than that of low CD206⁺ group (high vs low: 239.2 ± 54.1 vs 208.4 ± 55.1, p=0.023). After culturing with PLA₂, Tregs increased in the high CD206⁺ group but decreased in the low CD206⁺ group. Conclusion: In this study, we reconfirm that CD206⁺ DCs induced Treg differentiation by incubating human blood samples with PLA₂ and that they showed an association with syndrome differentiation, especially with heat patterns, in TEAM. A heat pattern in TEAM might be one indication for PLA₂ therapy because its score was elevated in the high CD206⁺ group.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.88-97
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• 1999

동중국해 북부해역의 클로로필-a의 분포특성과 해양환경과의 관계를 밝히기 위하여 1995년$\~$1997년 3개년간 매년 2, 5, 8, 11월에 해양조사를 실시하였다. 수온과 염분은 전 조사월에 중국연안인접해역에서 낮아 동고서저의 분포를 보였으며, 수온약층과 염분약층이 50m 수층을 중심으로 8월에 강하게 형성되었다. 용존산소는 8월에 평균 3.77ml/$\iota$로 가장 낮았으며 특히, 중국연안인접해역의 저층을 중심으로 2.0ml/$\iota$이하의 저산소층이 분포하였다. 투명도는 5월에 가장 높으며 2월에 가장 낮았다. 총질소와 인산인은 11월에 가장 높고 규산규소는 8월에 가장 높아 계절적으로 변동 양상이 달랐다. 총질소, 규산규소는 주로 저염수가 분포하는 중국인접연안역을 중심으로한 해역에서 높게 나타났다. 특히 염분이 가장 낮은 8월에 총질소와 규산규소의 농도가 높게 나타났다. 이와 달리 인산인은 비교적 고른 분포양상을 보였다. 클로로필-a는 동계인 2월에 0.372$\mu$g/$\ell$로 가장 낮게 나타났고, 8월에는 평균 0.512$\mu$g/$\ell$로 가장 높게 나타났다. 또한 수층별 연평균 값은 10m 수층에서 0.632$\mu$g/$\ell$로 가장 높게 나타났으며 수층이 깊어질수록 점차적으로 낮아졌고 저층인 150m 수층에서 다시 0.243$\mu$g/$\ell$로 높아졌다. 계절별 평균 클로로필-a의 수직분포에서 2월에는 표층에서 5월에는 30m 수층, 8월에는 10m 수층에서, 11월에는 10m 수층에서 최대 값을 보였다. 또한, 투명도가 평균 15.7 m로 가장 깊은 5월에 클로로필-a의 최대 농도 분포층도 30m로 가장 깊었다 이는 클로로필-a의 수직적 분포와 투명도가 밀접한 관계가 있음을 의미한다.