• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제52권12호
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• pp.1321-1326
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• 2009

Prevalence of obesity in Korean children and adolescents has dramatically increased since the last 10-20 years. It is important to initiate prevention efforts early in childhood because prevalence of obesity in adolescence is the strongest predictor of its prevalence in adulthood. Intrauterine life, infancy, and preschool years may comprise the critical periods that are essential for the long-term regulation of energy balance therefore, obesity-prevention strategies should be initiated in utero and continued throughout childhood and adolescence. Families with high-risk children should be provided early education about maintaining normal weight. Encouraging physical activity and, especially, avoiding inactivity, are key challenges in the prevention of future obesity. Schools should be primarily involved in educating parents to discourage their children from excessively watching TV or playing computer games and eating unhealthy snacks and food. The involvement of medical practitioners is also important, especially, in the case of obese parents, obesity prevention strategies should be promoted from the first visit of pregnant women to the physicians. Health professionals can also be involved in obesity prevention because they are ideally equipped to identify young children at risk of obesity. Community and nation-wide efforts to increase awareness and promote environments that encourage physical activity and healthy nutrition are required.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.99-114
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to investigate foodservice management of snacks as will as to evaluate nutrient intakes of young children from the snacks serried in early childhood educational institute. Two hundred and twenty-three snack items from 14 kindergartens and daycare centers were measured sewing size and analyzed for the nutritional values in addition to the general evaluation of the snack service management practice by the trained personnel. The results were as follow: The contents of most nutrients supplied from the snacks amounted to 10-15% of RDA (recommended dietary allowances for Koreans) except iron and niacin. And there were not any significant differences in the contents of energy, protein, fat and carbohydrate between the morning and afternoon snacks. The energy and protein contents (as the % of RDA) of snacks sewed to children of 1-3 years old were turned out to be significantly higher than that sewed to the children of 4-6 years old since the portion amount of snacks per child was about the same regardless of the age and individual variation. There were significant differences in the contents of nutrient serried from the snacks among 14 kindergartens. Therefore, nutritional guidence including the standard portion amount for the kindergarten snacks considering the age, activities and individual variation should be developed for kindergarten teachers so that they can effectively manage snack service and provide good nutrition for young children.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1185-1200
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: In the United States, one in every 5 children is obese with greater likelihood in low-income households. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic may have accelerated disparities in child obesity risk factors, such as poor dietary intake and increased sedentary behaviors, among low-income families because of financial difficulties, social isolation and other struggles. This study reveals insights into nutrition and health challenges among low-income families of young children in West Texas to better understand needs and develop interventions. SUBJECTS/METHODS: In-depth individual interviews were performed via Zoom among 11 families of children under the age of 3. A semi-structured interview guide was developed to explore 3 areas: changes in (1) dietary intake and (2) sedentary behaviors and (3) families' preferences regarding a parent nutrition education program. Each interview was audiorecorded, transcribed, and coded using MaxQDA software. RESULTS: Eating together as a family become challenging because of irregular work schedules during the COVID-19 pandemic. Most parents stated that their children's dietary habits shifted with an increased consumption of processed foods. Many parents are unable to afford healthful foods and have utilized food and nutrition assistance programs to help feed their families. All families reported that their children's screen time substantially increased compared to the pre-pandemic times. Moreover, the majority of parents did not associate child screen time with an obesity risk, so this area could be of particular interest for future interventions. Meal preparation ideas, remote modality, and early timing were identified as key intervention strategies. CONCLUSIONS: Online nutrition interventions that emphasize the guidelines for child screen time and regular meal routines will be effective and promising tools to reach low-income parents for early childhood health promotion and obesity prevention.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.93-116
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• 2002

Through a questionnaire survey of 607 respondents over 20 years old currently residing in Seoul, general conditions, items and amount of daily diet, preference of dining-out and instant food, and concern for health were surveyed and the results are as follows. A large portion of respondents, at 36.2% of all respondents, were 20 years old, 57.7% of them graduated from high school or over, and most of them(61.9%) were over middle-class level of living standard. More than half (50.9%) of whom paid less than 10% for dining-out took breakfast as a rule, and 38.3% of whom regularly took meals and 37.3% of them took their regular daily routines. But among whom spent more than 31% for dining-out 46.2% of them took snacks between meals every day. Also, among whom spent more then 31% for dining-out, about 25.6% of them usually dined out every day. On concerns for health, among whom spent less than 10% of dining-out expense, 53.9% of them took exercise almost every day and 32.8% for 30 minutes, and 34.6% of them were generally healthy and 67.5% of them had normal blood pressure. But among whom spent more than 31% for dining-out expenses, 10.3% of them were not healthy, 15.4% had higher blood pressure and 20.5% had lower blood pressure, thus those portion were relatively higher compared with the former group. From those research results, therefore, group who spent lower dining-out expenses were older people with lower educational and living level but regularly took breakfast and exercise. Thus, their daily schedules were routine and took regular meals with healthy condition. The group with lower dining-out expense took right food pattern and kept healthy condition, and, therefore, it implied that dining-out gave significant influence to food pattern of grown-ups. Therefore, nutrition education for grown-ups might be necessary again and our foods as a diet should be re-evaluated and re-highlighted. To formulate the practical nutrition education in early childhood, practical, systematic, and continuous nutrition education might be required and effective and multidimensional education programs should be developed. In addition, various menus of breakfast with diverse materials, wide range of nutrition, and being convenient and time-saving must be studied in the near future.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.979-989
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between dietary behavior and temperament & character in preschool children, and to offer basic data that can be applied for nutrition education and counseling. A total of 211 parents of preschool children aged 3~5 years performed the Korean version of Preschool Temperament and Character Inventory (K-psTCI), a questionnaire based on Cloninger's seven-factor model of personality, along with a questionnaire about the dietary behaviors of their children. K-psTCI represented seven factors such as harm avoidance (HA), novelty seeking (NS), reward dependence (RD), persistence (P), self-directedness (SD), cooperativeness (CO), and self-transcendence (ST). The subjects were divided into either the high rank group or low rank group based on the mean score of each factor. The high rank group of HA showed significantly less physical activity and less appetite than the low rank group of HA. The children in the high rank of NS were more likely to have picky eating and a late night snack. The children in the low rank of SD or CO were more likely to have undesirable dietary behaviors, such as picky eating, too much snacking, and lower appetite than those in the high rank of SD or CO. In conclusion, individual temperament & character in preschool children may be associated with their dietary behavior, and understanding temperament & character in children may be important facts to screen and to develop an effective nutrition education program for children.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.927-938
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• 2008

The principal objective of this study was to identify the dietary and physical activity patterns of obese preschoolers, and to determine the association between child obesity and mother's' dietary habits or thoughts regarding dieting/weight. This is a cross-sectional, community based study, and 305 preschoolers who attended kindergarten in Seoul and its surrounding area were selected. The measurements of dietary habits both in preschoolers and their mothers, physical activities of preschoolers, and daily servings of foods were based on parents' self report. Weight and height were used to calculate WLI (weight length index) in preschoolers and BMI (body mass index) in their mothers. The subjects were divided into two groups 245 normal weight preschoolers (including underweight 15.1% and normal weight 65.6%) and 59 obese subjects (overweight 14.4% and obese 4.9%). With regard to dietary habits in normal and obese preschoolers, we noted significant differences in 5 questions, such as mostly eating heavy meals, one serving size, eating speed, overeating, and obsession about eating. No differences in daily servings of major foods and snacks, except fruits and potatoes, were noted between normal and obese children. Among 13 questions regarding mothers' dietary habits, only 3 questions-"preferred to instant foods", "finish meals within 15 minutes", "use nutritional information for selecting foods" were significantly different between normal and obese subjects. The total scores of mothers' dietary habits was significantly and negatively correlated with number of mother's dieting experiences or mother's BMI, but was not correlated with preschooler's obesity.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.482-495
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the eating behavior and food preference of preschool children in day care facilities. Subjects of this study were 192 young children who lived in Sungnam city, Gyeonggi-Do. The results are summarized as follows: The parents reported that 34% of the children ate 'unbalanced diet'. And 16% of the children ate small portions of food. The parents picked up several reasons for their children's 'unbalanced diet' such as 'dislike of the tastes(29.2%), 'texture in the mouth(28.6%)', 'smell of food(18.2%)' Fifty-six percent of parents took 'to change the cooking methods' as the best way to make their children have good eating habits in their home. The highest score of preference among the children was noodles with bean sauce and kimbab for staple food, stews seaweed soup for soups and stews, bulgogi and fried chicken for side dish. The young children's preference score fur side dish made with meats were higher than made with vegetables. This study made a suggestion to parents of children ages 4 to 6 and to teachers in preschool that they prepare for foods made with vegetables.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.102-113
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• 2010

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship among dietary behavior, meal balance, and clinical symptoms related nutritional status and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder(ADHD) in preschool children. The survey was conducted using questionnaires and the subjects were 3~6 years old preschool children in Samcheok. Subjects were divided into an ADHD dispositions group(n=88) and a normal group(n=129) based on assessments conducted by the children's mother using the Abbreviated Conners's Parent Rating Scale. There was no significant difference in meal frequency, meal speed, meal regularity or meal balance between children with ADHD dispositions and the normal groups. The ADHD disposition group had a higher proportion of children with picky eating(p<0.05), too much snacking(p<0.05) and over eating (p=0.05) habits than the normal group. In addition, the ADHD dispositions group had a higher frequency of clinical symptoms such as 'breathlessness when going up stairs', 'sleeplessness', 'anxiety' and 'tiredness'. Overall, there was a significant relationship between ADHD disposition and dietary problems and clinical symptoms related to poor nutritional status in preschool children. Therefore, to prevent and treat ADHD in preschool children, proper dietary management such as correcting of picky eating, over snacking and overeating is needed.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.839-845
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• 2009

The objective of this study was to examine the eating habit characteristic and developmental outcomes of young children (ages 24 months through 42 months) as well as their mothers' nutritional attitudes and maternal levels of nutrition knowledge. The study also analyzed relationships among the children's eating habits and developmental outcomes and the mothers' nutritional attitudes and nutrition knowledge levels. The subjects included 164 young children who were enrolled in early childhood education and care settings in Seoul and Gyunggi province. The main results were as follows. There were significant correlations among the young children's eating habits and developmental outcomes, specifically between their attitudes towards meals and fine motor skills, communication, social-emotional aspects, and cognitive areas (p<0.01). In addition, there were significant correlations among the young children's eating habits, the mothers' nutritional attitudes and their nutrition knowledge levels (p<0.01).

• 한국보육학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.91-119
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• 2017

이 연구의 목적은 유아의 바람직한 식생활을 형성하기 위해 개발된 순환학습모델에 기반한 식생활 프로그램이 유아의 영양지식, 식행동, 과학과정기술, 과학적 태도에 미치는 효과를 살펴보는데 있다. 이 연구를 위해 G시에 위치한 H어린이집 만 5세반 유아 16명과 만 4세반 유아 중에서 생일이 지나 만 5세가 된 유아 7명을 실험집단으로, G어린이집의 만 5세반 유아 17명과 만 4세반 유아 중 만 5세가 된 유아 7명을 비교집단으로 선정하였다. 프로그램 실시 효과에서 두 집단 간에 의미 있는 차이가 있는지를 알아보기 위하여 SPSS WINDOWS 20.0 프로그램을 사용하여 자료분석을 실시하였다. 유아 식생활 프로그램 실시여부를 독립변인으로, 영양지식, 식행동, 과학과정기술 및 과학적 태도의 사전점수를 공변인으로, 영양지식, 식행동, 과학과정기술 및 과학적 태도의 사후점수를 종속변인으로 하여 공분산분석(ANCOVA)을 실시하였고, 실험집단과 비교집단 각각의 사전 사후 검사시기에 따른 영양지식, 식행동, 과학과정기술, 과학적 태도의 실제적인 향상이 있었는지 확인하기 위해 대응표본 t-test를 실시하였다. 연구결과 실험집단과 비교집단 간에 영양지식, 식행동, 과학과정기술, 과학적 태도의 사전 사후 점수 변화에 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보여, 순환학습모델에 기반한 식생활 프로그램이 유아의 영양지식, 식행동, 과학과정기술, 과학적 태도 증진에 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 보육현장에 적용 가능한 식생활 프로그램을 제시하여 현장 교사가 식생활과 관련하여 겪는 어려움을 지원하고, 식생활과 관련된 변인들과 관련한 연구를 통해 유아기 식생활의 중요성을 제시하며 유아들이 기관에서 교육적으로 의미 있는 식생활을 경험할 수 있도록 하는 기초자료가 될 것으로 본다.