• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.43 no.11
• /
• pp.1774-1784
• /
• 2014

The purpose of this study was to determine obstructive factors and performance level of the HACCP system among elementary schools in Gyeongbuk province. E-mail survey targeted 320 dieticians, and recovery rate was 74.1%. Consequently, 227 responses were analyzed. The questionnaire was composed of 58 items under four sections (general characteristics, dieticians' perceived HACCP performance level, dieticians' perceived CCP performance level, and obstructive factors of HACCP system implementation). The item with the highest rate of HACCP performance level was 'HACCP training for foodservice employees in schools ($4.02{\pm}0.70$)' while the lowest counterpart was 'implementation of HACCP team meeting, reporting, and maintenance ($2.74{\pm}0.99$)'. The performance level of the item 'HACCP training for foodservice employees in schools' was perceived as highest when the number of students eating school meals was greater than 1,101 (P<0.05). Moreover, CCP 4 ($4.44{\pm}0.53$) and CP 5 ($4.44{\pm}0.51$) showed the best performance, whereas CCP 1 showed the lowest performance level ($3.90{\pm}0.60$). Therefore, reinforcement of hygiene instruction in menu planning is perceived as necessary. CCP 1, CCP 6 (P<0.05), and CCP 3 (P<0.001) showed significant differences in performance based on the number of students eating school meals. Further, according to results regarding obstructive factors of HACCP system execution, 'general factor' was the most severe obstructive factor in the application of HACCP ($3.46{\pm}0.62$). Among the 'factors pertaining to dieticians', the item 'hardship of proper monitoring and micro-management due to overwhelming workload' was most influential ($3.46{\pm}0.96$). Furthermore, the item 'low budget allocation by educational offices ($3.90{\pm}0.88$)' was influential among the 'factors pertaining to school administrations'. In conclusion, the results of this research can help solve obstructive factors of elementary school food services and provide knowledge that is essential for the proper implementation of HACCP.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2008

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the educational needs for nurses who care for terminal cancer patients and their families. To identify top needs along with key issues in consideration to develope hospice training program and provide specific recommendations. Methods: A cross-sectional design with nurses from nine universities' hospice specialist courses and seven cancer centers was used. Data were collected via e-mail or mail service from March to April in 2008. One hundred seventy three questionnaires were returned (return rate: 73.6%), and 156 questionnaires were eventually analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of Mason and Ellershaw's The Self-efficacy in Palliative Care (SEPC) and self-reporting confidence and educational needs in hospice care. Results: The mean age of the participants was 37.94 years, 82.1% were staff nurses, and 44.9% completed over six months hospice education. Mean$\pm$standard deviation score for total SEPC was $2.67{\pm}.62$, which was lower than average (score 3), with communication score being the lowest ($2.49{\pm}.69$). The lowest self-reporting confidence score was $2.03{\pm}.77$ in hospice administration and management, followed by providing complement therapy ($2.34{\pm}.77$), bereavement care ($2.34{\pm}.71$), lymph edema management ($2.35{\pm}.79$), and care planning ($2.36{\pm}.81$). The participants reported that additional education is needed in all topics, with pain management score being the highest ($3.71{\pm}.50$), followed by pain and symptom evaluation ($3.67{\pm}.52$), care for dying ($3.67{\pm}.52$), and communication and counseling ($3.63{\pm}.53$). There were significant subgroup differences in SEPC and self-reporting confidence between groups who completed 6 months hospice education or not, however, no significant difference in educational need between the groups. Conclusion: This study showed the need for developing hospice training program to improve compentency of nurses in hospice palliative care.

• Information Systems Review
• /
• v.7 no.2
• /
• pp.229-255
• /
• 2005

The Korea Development Bank promoted a total outsourcing for IT operation in 1999 for the first time in the banking industry. The Korea Development Bank became the center of public attention because the most banks were unwilling to take an outsourcing with external sources for the reason of financial operation accidents, securities, and threats of strikes. After the introduction of the total IT outsourcing, the Korea Development Bank has continuously diagnosed the problems of the IT outsourcing and adopted various proper complements for the enhancement of the IT outsourcing. As the result of the enhancement, the IT outsourcing of the Korea Development Bank marched into the joint liability operation period after going through the outsourcing operation period and the co-operation period. The joint liability operation which is the most leading outsourcing system which is adopted by the Korea Development Bank for the first time in the banking industry. Through the joint liability operation, the Korea Development Bank could accept the most up-to-date IT, concentrate internal manpower on the core capability, and secure flexibility of manpower. Also, the bank changed the relationship between the bank and the external sources from the one-sided relationship between a producers and a consumer to the joint liability relationship on which both sides are responsible for the operation, and could integrate the internal capacity with the professional know-how of the external IT outsourcing company. In this paper, we testified the soundness and validity for the worries of banks about the total IT outsourcing with external sources. And, we arranged the advantages and outcomes of the total IT outsourcing with external sources compared to the IT outsourcing with internal sources. Moreover, we expect that we can improve the closed financial IT outsourcing industry structure and raise the world competitive power of domestic IT outsourcing companies by correcting wrong ideas on the IT outsourcing with external sources.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.49 no.3
• /
• pp.187-202
• /
• 2017

The Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science publishes the Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science (KJCLS) as the official journal for the Korean Association of Medical Technologists. This year, 2017, marks the 50th anniversary of KJCLS. The original name was "the Korean Journal of Medical Technologists" (Volume 1, 1967~Volume 26, 1994), which was replaced with the "Korean Journal of the Clinical Laboratory Science" (Volume 27, 1995~Volume 35, 2003) and "the Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science" (Volume 26, 2004~Present). The purpose of this study was to provide a framework for further development of KJCLS. In 1998, the National Research Foundation of Korea began the journal assessment service. The major domestic databases are KCI, KOFST, and KAMJE; the major international databases are SCI Index; SCI Core, SCI-Extended), SCOPUS, MEDLINE, and PUBMED. KJCLS has been registered with KCI of the National Research Foundation of Korea since 2014. More than 1,300 articles have been published, which all have made tremendous contributions to the field. To index KJCLS in the journal databases, we measured the value to understand the vocational level and social position. KJCLS is faced with a great challenge; immense effort will be needed to accomplish the original goal of KJCLS to become an internationally recognized journal. Ultimately, the goal of the Korean Society for Clinical Laboratory Science and the Korean Association of Medical Technologists should be to register KJCLS in databases such as KCI and SCOPUS.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.49-66
• /
• 1969

Eri-silkworm is known as a tropical insect where as poly-voltine type in that area. It eats caster oil plant leaves which are cultivated as an every year cultivatable seed oil use in this country, even though it grows for many years in tropical countries. That is why, farmers have freedom for its cultivation in any year if they want. Therefore, eri-silkworm rearing service is flexible for its diet procurment as wish of farmer. The eri-cocoon price or economical fluctuation may be reactable for the rearing work not like as mulberry cocoon. Fortunately, it also eats cynthia tree leaves. Standing from such a easy condition, the authors have studied about this problem since 1963 to develope a culturing method of eri-silkworm rearing in this country and the authors brought out the matters to be produced as an industry scale. Here, the authors summarized their works of the results covering with thirty three work tables. The obtained results are as follows.

• Journal of Korea Game Society
• /
• v.4 no.4
• /
• pp.11-18
• /
• 2004

The on-line games in the past were played by only two persons exchanging data based on one-to-one connections, whereas recent ones (e.g. MMORPG: Massively Multi-player Online Role-playings Game) enable tens of thousands of people to be connected simultaneously. Specifically, Korea has established an excellent network infrastructure that can't be found anywhere in the world. Almost every household has a high-speed Internet access. What made this possible was, in part, high density of population that has accelerated the formation of good Internet infrastructure. However, this rapid increase in the use of on-line games may lead to surging traffics exceeding the limited Internet communication capacity so that the connection to the games is unstable or the server fails. expanding the servers though this measure is very costly could solve this problem. To deal with this problem, the present study proposes the load distribution technology that connects in the form of local clustering the game servers divided by their contents used in each on-line game reduces the loads of specific servers using the load balancer, and enhances performance of sewer for their efficient operation. In this paper, a cluster system is proposed where each Game server in the system has different contents service and loads are distributed efficiently using the game server resource information such as CPU utilization. Game sewers having different contents are mutually connected and managed with a network file system to maintain information consistency required to support resource information updates, deletions, and additions. Simulation studies show that our method performs better than other traditional methods. In terms of response time, our method shows shorter latency than RR (Round Robin) and LC (Least Connection) by about 12%, 10% respectively.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.355-362
• /
• 1999

This experiment was conducted to evaluated the effect of maturity at harvest and wrap colors on the quality of round baled rye(Secal cereale L.) silage at the forage experimental field, Grassland and Forage Crops Division, National Livestock Research Institute, Suwon in 1998. The experiment was consist of split-plot design with three repications. The main plots were three different harvesting stages : boot, heading, and flowering stages, the subplots were wrap colors : white, black, and light green color. Acid detergent fiber(ADF) and neutral detergent fiber(NDF) of rye silage were increased with delayed harvesting date, but there were no significant differdence among wrap colors. However, average in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) of rye silage with white color wrap tended to have higher than those of other colors. The silage pH of heading stage was highest (5.12), and that of flowering stage was lowest (4.57) in different harvest stages. Among tested wrap colors, white color wrap resulted on lowest pH than others (p<0.05), but there were no significant difference between black and light green color. Dry matter (DM) content of rye silage were increased as harvest stage progressed (p<0.05). However, DM content of white color was highest among warp colors, but there was signifiant difference (p<0.05). Ammonia-N content of silage harvested at boot stage was the highest in harvest stage, but there was no difference between heading and flowering stages. Among wrap colors tested, ammonia-N content of black color was highest, but there was no significant difference. The number of lactic acid bacteria of white colors was highest in different colors, and that of flowering stage was highest among harvest stage. Acetic and butyric acid contents were decreased as harvest stage progressed, and lactic acid was increased from 6.33 to 7.98%. However, wrap colors did not influence lactic acid concentration. Among different wrap colors, outside temperature of rye silage was affected by air temperature, but effect of inside temperature was minimal. Black color wrap increased inside temperature by $3{\sim}5^{\circ}C$. The results of this study indicate that rye should be harvested for round bale silage after heading stage. The quality of rye silage wrapped white and light green color will increase slightly.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.19 no.5
• /
• pp.618-625
• /
• 2018

With the passing of time, exposed concrete structures are affected by a range of environmental, chemical, and physical factors. These factors seep into the concrete and have a deleterious influence compared to the initial performance. The importance of identifying and preventing further performance degradation due to the occurrence of deterioration has been greatly emphasized. In recent years, evaluations of the target life have attracted increasing interest. During the freezing-melting effect, a part of the concrete undergoes swelling and shrinking repeatedly. At these times, chloride ions present in seawater penetrate into the concrete, and accelerate the deterioration due to the corrosion of reinforced bars in the concrete structures. For that reason, concrete structures located onshore with a freezing-melting effect are more prone to this type of deterioration than inland structures. The aim of this study was to develop a high performance mortar mixed with a mineral admixture for the durability properties of concrete structures near sea water. In addition, experimental studies were carried out on the strength and durability of mortar. The mixing ratio of the silica fume and meta kaolin was 3, 7 and 10 %, respectively. Furthermore, the ultra-fine fly ash was mixed at 5, 10, 15, and 20%. The mortar specimens prepared by mixing the admixtures were subjected to a static strength test on the 1st and 28th days of age and degradation acceleration tests, such as the chloride ion penetration resistance test, sulfuric acid resistance test, and salt resistant test, were carried out at 28 days of age. The chloride diffusion coefficient was calculated from a series of rapid chloride penetration tests, and used to estimate the life time against corrosion due to chloride ion penetration according to the KCI, ACI, and FIB codes. The life time of mortar with 10% meta kaolin was the longest with a service life of approximately 470 years according to the KCI code.

• Journal of Distribution Research
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.1-27
• /
• 2012

Conceptualization of store image have been suggested in the past by many marketing scholars. The dominant perspective about store image is treated as the results of a multi-attribute model. Store image is expressed as a function of the salient attributes of a particular store that are evaluated. Though, there is a little confusions about what elements compose the store image, most scholars agree that merchandise, service, atmosphere, physical facilities, comfort, and location are generally accepted elements as store image. A considerable researches support that shopping can provide both hedonic and utilitarian value. Hedonic shopping value reflects the value received from fantasy and emotive aspects of shopping experience, while utilitarian shopping value reflects the acquisition of products. These two types of shopping value can affect shopping satisfaction. This study examines the relationships among stores images(store atmosphere, salespeople services, facilities, product assortment, and store location), shopping values(utilitarian shopping value and hedonic shopping value), and shopping satisfaction based on discount stores (E-Mart, Home plus, and Lotte Mart). The author hypothesized that five store image components affect shopping values, and these shopping values affect shopping satisfaction. The author focused on the roles of perceived retail crowding between these relationships. Specifically, the author hypothesized that perceived retailing crowding moderated the relationship between shopping values and shopping satisfaction. The author also hypothesized the direct effect of perceived retail crowding on shopping satisfaction. Finally, the author hypothesized that five store image components affect directly shopping satisfaction. Research model is presented in