• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.75-94
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• 2009

Since XML emerged as a standard for data exchange on the web, it has been established as a core component in e-Commerce and efficient query processing over XML data in ubiquitous computing environment has been also receiving much attention. Recently, the techniques were proposed whereby an XML document is fragmented into XML fragments to be streamed and the mobile clients receive the stream while processing queries over it. In processing queries over an XML fragment stream, the average access time significantly depends on the order of fragments in the stream. As such, for query performance, an efficient organization of XML fragment stream is required as well as the indexing for energy-efficient query processing due to the reduction of tuning time. In this paper, a technique of XML fragment stream organization based on query frequencies, fragment size, fragment access frequencies, and an active XML-based indexing scheme are proposed. Through implementation and performance experiments, our techniques were shown to be efficient compared with the conventional XML fragment stream organizations.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.33-48
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• 2006

Since the emergence of XML as the standard for data exchange on the Web, XML warehousing technology is required to efficiently support Web business applications such as e-Commerce. When the RDBMS is employed as the storage for XML warehouse, XML materialized views of the XML warehouse could be provided by leveraging the materialized views of the RDBMS Because XML documents are mapped into relational tuples, an XML query defining an XML materialized view needs to be transformed into SQL. If relational materialized views were defined with the transformed SQL statements, the XML materialized view could be obtained just by XML-tagging the tuples of the corresponding relational materialized views. The foremost advantage of such a scheme is that the RDBMS does take care of XML materialized view consistency except XML tagging whenever their source XML documents are updated. In this paper, we proposed such a scheme of providing XML materialized views, and implemented it using a commercial RDBMS equipped with materialized view facility in Java on Windows 2000 Professional environment. XML documents in TPC-W, Web e-Commerce Benchmark, were used in performance experiments. The experimental results showed that our proposed scheme for XML materialized views was very effective.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.111-129
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• 2014

The main purpose of this study is to analyze the disputes concerning the 1982 moratorium on commercial whaling and the standing rights of other natural objects. Basically, the debates has arisen from the very nature of whales and other natural resources, that is to say, a mixed good of consumptive and non-use value. The debates between pro- and anti-moratorium states regarding whaling may not find out a peaceful solution without compromise or negotiation since any international institution for official settlements does not exist. If the pro-states could provide anti-states with a certain type of economic incentive which is side payments, anti-states might offer self-restraint not to whale. Here, it would be considered to apply Kaldor-Hicks compensation principles to this problem. Since 1965, some countries such as the United States and Japan began to recognize the standing right of natural objects. Even though rejected, the newt case in Korea was brought to the Supreme Court. If a standard of living increases significantly to a higher level(i.e. more than per capita income US$30,000), there would be a tendency of valuing natural objects and their beauty more and more highly.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.57-73
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• 2017

In the current competitive marketplace of real estate business, tenant satisfaction measurement is one of the important indicators to monitor competitiveness in industrial property development. It has become an industry standard to measure tenant satisfaction, commonly called customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction has become the widely used metric to manage customer loyalty (Keiningham, Gupta, Aksoy, & Buoye, 2014). The aim of this research is to determine the impact of property management services on tenants' satisfaction with the three identified variables i.e. facility management, perceived quality and lease management. Structural equation modeling (SEM) is applied to build constructs and test the hypotheses with the collected survey samples. Of the three variables, facility management is the most influential factor that leads to tenant satisfaction with industrial buildings. Next, perceived quality is another important factor that contributes to tenants' pleasure. Compared with these two, lease management fares worse, having the least extensive effect on tenant satisfaction, and could be disregarded. The ultimate impact of tenant satisfaction is about tenant retention and recommendation. The overall findings of this research will potentially help real estate developers to develop a better property management system, leasing program and tenant retention strategy.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.39-52
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• 2022

This study examines whether accounting conservatism can support real earnings management by reducing accrual earnings management techniques. The net impact of conservative reporting on earnings management is also analyzed. It is assumed that moderating the role of conservative financial reporting during uncertainty can mitigate earnings management practices. For our analysis, 5354 firm-year observations for the period 2007-2020 of nonfinancial companies listed on the Pakistan Stock Exchange are applied. To measure conservatism in the non-financial sector of Pakistan, Khan and Watts' (2009) model is used to provide evidence that conservatism is a way to restrict earnings management during uncertainty. "Prospector" and "Defender" Business strategy is applied for measuring firm-level uncertainty. To measure accrual earnings management Modified Jones (1995) model and Dechow and Dichev (2002) approach and Kasznik (1999) model are applied, and for real earnings management Roychowdhury model is applied which follows three approaches to measure real earnings management i.e. cash flow manipulation, Overproduction, and discretionary expenses. The estimations support our hypothesis by providing statistically significant proof that conservative financial reporting in a developing economy like Pakistan may be used to overcome the net impact of earnings management during uncertainty. Our results provide critical and practical implications for investors, researchers, and standard setters.

• Information Systems Review
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.19-31
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• 2002

The JTEL's success case of implementing ERP through ASP is studied in this paper. This paper especially presents the detail processes of implementing ERP through ASP and the advantages of that. Critical success factors in this case study are that pre-prepared ERP template and repetitive prototyping methodology was successfully utilized and that end users involved positively and accepted the standard best-practice processes of the ERP template in this project. These factors reduced ERP training periods and also the whole implementation periods, which made the project time quite short and TCO less. Considering these success factors, ASP method provides the advantages of global e-business IT environment, continuous new IT technologies and flexible response to the business changes to the small and medium firms. Finally, the paper suggests the new direction and possibility for small and medium firms focusing on the core competency and utilizing new system infrastructure through ASP method compared with in-house implementation.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.43-57
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• 2005

The web services concept is rising as a standard to integrate heterogeneous systems in distributed environment based on XML messaging. Recently, for that reason, many companies are trying to use web services for their B2C and B2B business. In order to successfully introduce the web services, it is required to guarantee a differentiated quality of web services. However, most of the current web services cannot provide differentiated policies for requested messages and the existing web servers cannot consider appropriately the quality factors of web services in the service level agreement between provider and consumer. In this paper, we analyzed appropriate quality factors of web services in application level and suggested priority allocation strategy for processes dealing with messages of web services using those factors. This strategy can allocate dynamically a priority to satisfy the service level agreement.

• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.47-59
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• 2016

Parcel service is to deliver goods from one place to the designated destination requested according to user request. Parcel operations such as sorting, distributing, etc. or the managed information are heterogeneous by the companies. Additionally, it is impossible to support interoperability between companies with unformatted data of manual processing. Most parcel package boxes attached to paper typed waybill is attached is delivered to consignee. So, security problems such as personal information leaking are occurred, or extra processing time and logistics costs are needed due to wrong or the damaged information. Business environment of parcel service is rapidly changed as introducing unmanned delivery or the advanced technology such as Internet of Things. User want to know the accurate status or steps from parcel service request to delivery. To provide these requirements, the unified and integrated waybill information for reliable transportation of parcel service is needed. This information will provide to pickup or delivery carrier, warehouse or terminal, and parcel service user per pickup, transport, and delivery stage of parcel delivery service. Therefore, this paper defines the simplified and unified information model for parcel service waybill by analyzing information systems used for logistics unit processes that is occurred to parcel service, and manual work processes, and developing the relevant information of work flows occurred between business processes or transactions with the collected or processed information by from parcel service's stages. It is possible to share these standard model between business entities, and replacing paper typed waybill will improve national life safety as preventing security threats by paper typed waybill. As a result, it will promote the public interest from the stakeholder's perspective.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.211-217
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• 1988

The Main objective of this study is to find consumer attitude toward the Sanitary Regulation of Foods. In view of consumerism, this result will be used in re-regulating the law. Among the Sanitary Regulation of Foods, this study focuses on the Standard of prepackaged Food Labelling, because it is related both with the advertising from the food manufacturer's point of view and with the perception about the food itself from the consumer's point of view. After reviewing the previous studies and related provisions about the Standard of Prepackaged food Labelling, and compare other sanitary regulation of foods in developed countries (U.S.A. and Japan), basic research framework was derived. The research framework focuses on the user perception about the validity of provisions about the Standard of Prepackaged Food Labelling, and on the existance of exaggeration in food advertising using prepackaged foods. Data were collected through questionaires from the sample covering 374 food customers. The data were analyzed by frequency test and the important findings of this study are as follows. Most food consumers consider such provisions as date of manufacturing, circulation time limit, cautions for food handling, price, and manufacturer as important factors in buying food products. Among these factors, the date of manufacturing and circulation time limit are most critical factors, and must be labelled correctly on the prepackaged food cover. But other provisions which do not affect on consumer's buying decision (e.g. business admission number, self standard number) need not be labelled. From this study, we can conclude that the provisions about the standard of prepackaged Food Labelling currently used must be devided into two parts. One is 'mandatory provisions' which must be obeyed by all food manufacturets, and the other is 'autonomous provisions' which need not be obeyed by all food manufacturers. And mandatory provisions need to be regylated more strongly than now.

• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.425-436
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• 2004

A new design field called eDesign appears as if eBiz is an online related business in which an industrialized design creates the individual value added facing a digital revolution. The field of eDesign requires a special design process and management methodology regardless of the fact that human sensitivity will be satisfied through a dehumanized computer technique. However, it is the reality of eDesign that has been dependent upon a simple process or project management tool of general design. In this study, we develop an eDesign platform based on an eDesign process and template mainly focused on eBusiness in order to overcome the wrong situation. The template is a kind of document that has a standardization form. We aim to establish a general process through various case projects, store information using a necessary template, and use for the way of visual communication. We propose a standard of eDesign platform that can be widely applied to the field of design, medium and small enterprises focused on IT businesses or design-team through this project performed as an educational-industrial study. It makes it possible to get a detailed process methodology, which can be applied to many small design related companies that don't have their own process yet, and will be a scale for comparing their own process in which the company has a process of opened standard eDesign with it. In addition, it makes possible a systematic control of the own projects within and outside the firm, accumulating information for the firm through the database, and easy communication. Furthermore, it can be applied to check the process of the project as a checklist, and then it will reduce trial and error repeated for every project that has been done.