• 식물조직배양학회지
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• 제27권4호
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• pp.309-315
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• 2000

Panax ginseng is an important medicinal plant that has been used worldwide for geriatric, tonic, stomachic, and aphrodisiac treatments. Ginsenosides contained in the ginseng root are the main substances having active functions for human body. The price of ginseng is very expensive due to a complex process of cultivation, and the yield of ginseng is limited, which cannot meet the demand of the increasing market. Researchers have applied plant biotechnology to solve the problems but there are still things to be determined towards ginsenoside production by large-scale adventitious root culture. In this experiment, 5 to 20 liter bioreactors were employed to determine optimal conditions for adventitious root culture and ginsenoside production of Panax gineng. Callus was induced from the ginseng root on MS agar medium containing 1.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ 2,4-D and 0.1 mg. $L^{-1}$ kinetin. Then the callus was cultured on MS agar medium supplemented with 2.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ IBA, 0.1 mg. $L^{-1}$ kinetin, and 30 g. $L^{-1}$ to induce adventitious roots. The maximum root growth and ginsenoside production were obtained in 1/2 MS medium. 2.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ naphthalene acetic acid resulted in greater root growth than 2.0 mg $L^{-1}$ indole-3-butyric acid. Ginsenoside content increased with 2.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ benzyl adenin or kinetin. High concentrations of benzyl adenin (above 3.0 mg. $L^{-1}$ ) decreased the adventitious root growth and ginsenoside productivity. N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ inhibited the ginsenoside accumulation, while high concentrations of $K^{+}$, $Mg_{2}$$^{+}$, and $Ca_{2}$$^{+}$ increased it. N $H_{4}$$^{+}$ at 0.5 and 1.0 times of the normal amount in 3/4 SH medium resulted in the greatest biomass increase, but the highest ginsenoside productivity was obtained when N $O_{3}$$^{-}$ was used as the sole nitrogen source in the medium. Most microelements at high concentrations in the medium inhibited the root growth, but high concentrations of MnS $O_4$enhanced the root growth. Root dry weight increased with increasing sucrose concentrations up to 50 g. $L^{-1}$ , but decreased from 70 g $L^{-1}$ Ginsenoside productivity was maximized at the range of 20 to 30 g. $L^{-1}$ sucrose. In the experiment on bioreactor types, cone and balloon types were determined to be favorable for both adventitious root growth and ginsenoside production. Jasmonic acid was effective for increasing ginsenoside contents and Rb group ginsenosides mainly increased. These results could be employed in commercial scale bioreactor cultures of Panax ginseng.x ginseng.

• 고려인삼학회:학술대회논문집
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• 고려인삼학회 1988년도 학술대회지
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• pp.129-132
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• 1988

인삼은 한국, 일본, 소련, 북미에서 재배되고 있다. 이들 생산지역의 미세기상을 각각 조사해 보면, 인삼의 생육에 필요한 필수조건을 갖고 잇으며 각 지역에 따라 미세기상은 다른 방법으로 조절되고 있다, 한국, 중국에서의 최근연구자료를 비교해 보면 인삼생산에 맞는 여러가지 미세기상 조건들을 구명 할 수 있을 것이며, 여러가지 해가림 재료에 따른 일광차단에 관한 연구도 미세기상 조건구명의 한가지 방법이 되고 있다. 북미에서는 나무와 polypropylene 해가림 재료가 사용되지만, 중국에서는 마른 풀을 엮은 이엉사이에 polyvinylchloride film을 넣어 해가림을 한다. 이러한 해가림 재료들이 인삼생육과 수량에 미치는 효과는 뿌리생육에 있는 것 같으며, 생육기간 중 대부분 뿌리의 생육 적온에 미치지 못하고 있다. 년근별 생육자료를 분석해 보면, 근권의 토양온도가 지상부와 뿌리의 건물 분배에 미치는 효과를 구명하는데 유용할 것이다.

• 한국육종학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.201-205
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• 2008

고구마는 주로 식용으로 이용되고 있지만, 당면 제빵 제과와 같은 식품가공용이나 에탄올 등 공업원료용 그리고 지상부의 특성을 이용한 관상용으로도 이용이 가능하다. 본 연구는 고구마의 잎색이나 잎모양, 개화성 등 지상부의 다양한 특성을 이용한 관상용 고구마를 선발하여 고구마의 이용도를 높이고자 하였다. 식용으로 재배되는 고구마는 극심한 한발이나 저온과 같은 주위 환경의 영향으로 드물게 꽃이 피는 경우도 있지만 일반적으로 꽃이 피지 않는다. 그러나 개화성 고구마 '모닝퍼플'은 일장에 무관하게 줄기가 자라면서 액아에서 화총이 형성되어 계속적으로 개화하는 특성이 있다. '모닝퍼플'은 화기특성으로 화색은 담자색이고, 꽃잎크기는 4.5 cm, 꽃부리통은 0.9 cm, 꽃길이는 4 cm, 화판 모양은 8각형이다. 지상부 특성으로 줄기길이는 186 cm, 줄기색은 녹색, 잎모양은 단결각, 잎자루색은 녹색을 띠고 있다. 개화특성으로 개화 기간은 90일, 주당화수는 108개, 꽃자루수는 95개, 꽃자루길이는 5~1 cm, 꽃받침은 5개이다. 모닝퍼플은 실내 및 도로변 화분에 식재하여 관상용으로 이용이 가능하다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.485-495
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• 2016

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of dietary cultured wild ginseng root (CWGR) supplementation on goat milk composition and ginsenoside profiles. Sixteen Saanen dairy goats were allocated to two balanced groups based on lactation period, body weight ($38.6{\pm}3.2kg$), and dairy milk yield ($2.85{\pm}1.2kg$), and were kept in separate pens. Goats were fed a total mixed ration (TMR) feed (2.3 kg/d, dry matter basis) and 1.5 g of CWGR powder was supplemented in the experimental diet. The total feeding period was 3 weeks, and milk and blood samples were collected on the last three days of the experimental period. There was no effect of CWGR on daily milk yield and milk composition (fat, protein, lactose, and solid-not-fat). However, the CWGR-treatment group had significantly higher plasma IgG and protein contents than the control group (P < 0.05). Significant amounts of ginsenosides were observed in the milk of the CWGR-treatment group, whereas ginsenosides were not detected in the milk of the control group. In conclusion, dietary CWGR was a useful regimen to produce functional goat milk enriched in ginsenosides.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제44권1호
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• pp.98-103
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• 2011

The System of Rice Intensification (SRI) is a new concept of increasing the yield of rice produced in farming. Therefore, we investigated the impacts of planting density on nutrient uptake as affected by SRI under no-till cropping system. The field was prepared as a randomized complete block design with three treatments: $10{\times}10$ cm, $20{\times}20$ cm and $30{\times}30$ cm planting densities. The root dry mass was significantly increased in the wider planting densities (p<0.05%). The highest grain yield was obtained in $20{\times}20$ cm planting density plot (p<0.05%) due to higher plant density per unit area and spikelets number per panicle. The total uptake amounts by rice plant were significantly higher in $20{\times}$20 cm planting density plot as 94.8 kg $ha^{-1}$ for T-N and 29.9 kg $ha^{-1}$ for P than other planting densities plots, but K and Mg uptake were significantly higher in $10{\times}10$ cm planting density plot (p<0.05%). In this study, our findings suggest that SRI should be considered as a new practice for the rice productivity.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2020

Background: Angelica gigas Nakai, that belong to the Umbelliferae family, is one of the traditional medicinal plants in Korea. Its roots have been used to treat gynecological diseases. In this study, growth characteristics and index components were compared with the forest microclimate at several forest sites. Methods and Results: A. gigas was planted in three climatic zones according to the temperature (southern temperature zone - Hamyang, central temperature zone - Bonghwa, and northern temperature zone - Jeongseon) and growth characteristics were investigated in comparison with the forest microclimate. Our results indicated that the root diameter and length, and fresh and dry weight were the highest in Jeongseon. The total content of decursin was the highest in Jeongseon (9.52%), followed by those in Hamyang (8.07%) and Bonghwa (7.48%), respectively. Additionally, the yield of decursin (1.39 g) was the highest in Jeongseon. Conclusions: The yield and index components were influenced by the microclimate in the forests, and it was assumed that high altitude and low temperature affected the increase in growth and index components. These results will be useful as basic data to study the correlation among environmental conditions, growth, and index components.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.282-287
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• 1999

본(本) 시험(試驗)은 1997년(年)부터 1998년(年)까지 2년간(年間) 사각 pot를 이용하여 식양토, 미사질양토, 사양토 등 3토성(土性)을 처리하여 년수별 생육과 수량 및 품질에 미치는 영향을 알고자 시험하였던 바 얻어진 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 토성처리간 년수별 길경(桔硬) 경장의 경시적(輕視的) 변화를 보면 1년생(年生)은 7월(月) 10일(日)에서 8월(月) 10일(日) 사이, 2년생(年生)은 5월(月) 20일(日)에서 6월(月) 20일(日) 사이에서 최고로 성장 하였고 엽수, 분얼수, 분지수는 식양토가 양호하였으며, 사양토, 미사질양토 순(順)으로 많았다. 1년생(年生) 길경(桔硬)의 출현기 는 토양처리간 차이가 없었고 개화기는 식양토가 가장 빠르고 엽수 및 분얼수도 많았으며 주근장, 지근수, 주근경도 식양토가 사양토, 미사질양토보다 크고, 2년생(年生)도 같은 경향을 보였다. 건근수량(乾根收量)은 식양토에서 1년생(年生)은 274kg/10a, 2년생(年生)은 934kg/10a로 가장 많았고, 다음이 사양토. 미사질양토 순(順)이었고, 주근(主根) 표피색(表皮色)은 식양토는 담갈색, 사양토, 미사질양토 갈색이었으며, 주근육색(主根肉色)은 식양토가 황백색이였다. 길경(桔硬) 1년색(年生), 2년생(年生)의 엑스 함량은 사양토가 1년생(年生) 47. 1%, 2년생(年生)은 36.3%로서 가장 높았고, 다음이 미사질양토, 식양토 순(順)이었으며, 반면에 조(粗)사포닌 함량은 식양토가 1년생(年生)은 3.0%, 2년생(年生)은 3.6%로서 많은 편이었으나 토양 처리간 유의성은 인정되지 않았다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제40권5호
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• pp.574-579
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• 1995

건답직파 재배시 중간낙수처리가 도복에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 1991년에 동률벼를 공시, 5월 1일에 휴립 세조파하고, 파종후 30일에 심수하고 심수후 20일 부터 10일 간격으로 1∼3회 낙수처리하여 도복관련형질 및 수량을 검토한 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 간장 및 절간장은 낙수회수가 많을수록 짧아지고 간벽은 두꺼워졌으나, 줄기 굵기는 상시심수에서 다소 굵었다. 2. 낙수회수가 많을수록 중심고는 낮아지고 좌절중은 무거워서 도복지수는 적어졌으며, 낙수회수가 많을수록 뿌리량이 많아지고 뿌리의 심층분포비율이 높아지는 경향이었다. 3. 도복은 상시심수에서는 심하게 발생되었으나 낙수회수가 많을수록 경감되어 2∼3회 낙수처리에서는 도복이 발생되지 않았거나 경징하였다. 4. 수량은 등숙후기(출수후 35일)에 도복이 발생되어 상시심수와 낙수처리간에 차이가 없었으나, 현미중의 청미비율은 낙수회수가 많을수록 감소되는 경향되었다. 5. 따라서 건답직파 재배시 심수후 20일부터 10일간격으로 2∼3회 중간낙수 처리하는 것이 도복방지를 위한 적절한 물관리 방법이라고 생각된다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2011

This studies were conducted to investigate the growth responses and yields of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge which were grown with organic cultivation using two organic fertilizers and two green manure crops of hairy vetch and rye in 2008 and 2009. The lengths of stems and roots were not clearly different between organic and conventional cultivations. The root diameters and the branch numbers were slightly thicker and more in all treatments of organic cultivation than that of conventional cultivation in 2008, although they were not significantly different between two cultivating methods in 2009. The dry weights of shoot and root were heavier on organic cultivation than those on conventional cultivation. The T/R ratios were commonly higher in organic culture, showing more clearly in 2008 than 2009. The yields were generally higher in organic cultivation than those in conventional cultivation in 2008 although the effect did not clear on yield in 2009. The organic cultivation using of organic fertilizers and green manure crops would be new method to have safety and qualitative products. The techniques of organic cultivation for Astragalus membranaceus Bunge would be studied more on utilizing the natural organic resources.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제97권5호
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• pp.508-515
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• 2008

Sycamore (Platanus occidentalis L.) seedlings were grown under low light intensity and ozone treatments to investigate the role of the light environment in their response to chronic ozone stress. One-year-old seedlings of Platanus occidentalis L. were grown in pots for 3 weeks under low light (OL, $150{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) and high light (OH, $300{\mu}mol{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$) irradiance in combination with 150 ppb of ozone fumigation. After three weeks of ozone and light treatment, seedlings were placed in ozone free clean chamber for 3 weeks for recovery from ozone stress with same light conditions to compare recovery capacity. Ozone fumigation determined an impairment of the photosynthetic process. Reduction of leaf dry weight (14%) and shoo/root ratio (17%) were observed in OH treatment. OL treatment also showed severe reductions in leaf dry weight and shoot/root ratio by 48% and 36% comparing to control, respectively. At the recovery phase, OH-treated plants recovered their biomass, whereas OL-treated plant showed reduction in leaf dry weight (52%) and shoot/root ratio (49%). OH-treated plants reached similar relative growth rate (RGR) comparing to control, whereas OL-treated plants showed lower RGR in stem height. However, there were no significant differences in response to those treatments in stem diameter RGR at the recovery phase. Ozone treatment produced significant reduction of net photosynthesis in both high and low light treatments. Carboxylation efficiency and apparent quantum yield in OL-treated plants showed significant reductions rate to 10% and 45%, respectively. At the recovery stage, ozone exposed seedlings under high light had similar photosynthetic capacity comparing to control plants. Antioxidant enzymes activities such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and glutathione reductase (GR) were increased in ozone fumigated plants only under low light. The present work shows that the physiological changes occur in photosynthesis-related parameters and growth due to ozone and low light stress. Thus, low light seems to enhance the detrimental effects of ozone on growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme responses.