• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.186-191
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• 2012

In this paper, we present a pH measurement method that uses a microcantilever-array-based biosensor system. It is composed of microcantilever array, liquid cell, micro syringe pump, laser diode array, position sensitive detector, data acquisition device, and data processing software. Four microcantilevers are functionalized with pH-sensitive MHA(mercaptohexadecanoic acid) as a probe, while three microcantilevers are functionalized with HDT(hexadecane thiol) as reference. We prepare PBS(phosphate buffered saline) solutions of different pH and inject them into the liquid cell with a predefined volumetric speed at regular time intervals. The functionalized mircocantilevers in the liquid cell deflect as a self-assembled monolayer on the microcantilever binds with probe molecules in the solution. The difference in deflection between the MHA-covered probe microcantilever and the HDT-covered reference microcantilever was used to compensate for thermal drift. The deflection difference clearly increases with increasing pH in the solution. It was shown that when the pH values of the PBS solutions are high, there were large variations in the deflection of microcantilevers, whereas there were small variations for low pH value. The experimental results show that the microcantilever array functionalized with MHA and HDT can detect pH value with good repeatability.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.214-217
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• 2017

An IGBT (insulated gate bipolar transistor) device has an excellent current-conducting capability. It has been widely employed as a switching device to use in power supplies, converters, solar inverters, and household appliances or the like, designed to handle high power. The aim with IGBT is to meet the requirements for use in ideal power semiconductor devices with a high breakdown voltage, an on-state voltage drop, a high switching speed, and high reliability for power-device applications. In general, the concentration of the drift region decreases when the breakdown voltage increases, but the on-resistance and other characteristics should be reduced to improve the breakdown voltage and on-state voltage drop characteristics by optimizing the design and structure changes. In this paper, using the T-CAD, we designed the NPT-IGBT (non punch-through IGBT) and FS-IGBT (field stop IGBT) and analyzed the electrical characteristics of those devices. Our analysis of the electrical characteristics showed that the FS-IGBT was superior to the NPT-IGBT in terms of the on-state voltage drop.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.12-16
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• 2009

Current sensing in power semiconductors involves sensing of over-current in order to protect the device from harsh conditions. This technique is one of the most important functions in stabilizing power semiconductor device modules. The sense FET is very efficient method with low power consumption, fast sensing speed and accuracy. In this paper, we have analyzed the characteristics of proposed sense FET and optimized its electrical characteristics to apply conventional 450 V power MOSFET by numerical and simulation analysis. The proposed sense FET has the n-drift doping concentration $1.5{\times}10^{14}cm^{-3}$, size of $600{\um}m^2$ with $4.5\;{\Omega}$, and off-state leakage current below $50{\mu}A$. We offer the layout of the proposed sense FET to process actually. The offerd design and optimization methods are meaningful, which the methods can be applied to the power devices having various breakdown voltages for protection.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
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• v.48 no.6
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• pp.516-527
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• 2011

This paper considers a numerical analysis of ship maneuvering performance in the high amplitude incident waves by adopting linear and nonlinear ship motion analysis. A time-domain ship motion program is developed to solve the wave-body interaction problem with the ship slip speed and rotation, and it is coupled with a modular type 4-DOF maneuvering problem. Nonlinear Froude-Krylov and restoring forces are included to consider weakly nonlinear ship motion. The developed method is applied to observe the nonlinear ship motion and planar trajectories in maneuvering test in the presence of incident waves. The comparisons are made for S-175 containership with existing experimental data. The nonlinear computation results show a fair agreement of overall tendency in maneuvering performance. In addition, maneuvering performances with respect to wave slope is predicted and reasonable results are observed.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.344-355
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• 2020

Tropical cyclone scale vortices and associated Rossby waves were investigated numerically using high-resolution barotropic models on the global domain. The equations of the barotropic model were discretized using the spectral transform method with the spherical harmonics function as orthogonal basis. The initial condition of the vortex was specified as an axisymmetric flow in the gradient wind balance, and four types of basic zonal states were employed. Vortex tracks showed similar patterns as those on the beta-plane but exhibited more eastward displacement as they moved northward. The zonal-mean flow appeared to control not only the west-east translation but also the meridional translation of the vortex. Such a meridional influence was revealed to be associated with the beta gyre and the Rossby wave, which are formed around the vortex due to the beta effect. In the case of the basic zonal state of climatological mean, the meridional translation speed reached the maximum value when the vortex underwent recurving.

• Journal of Ocean Engineering and Technology
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.386-392
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• 2018

It is necessary to predict hydrodynamic derivatives when assessing the maneuverability of a submarine. The force and moment acting on the vehicle may affect its motion in various modes. Conventionally, the derivatives are determined by performing captive model tests in a towing tank or applying a system identification method to the free running model test. However, a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method has also become a possible tool to predict the hydrodynamics. In this study, virtual captive model tests for a full-scale submarine were conducted by utilizing a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solver in ANSYS FLUENT version 18.2. The simulations were carried out at design speed for various modes of motion such as straight forward, drift, angle of attack, deflection of the rudder, circular, and combined motion. The hydrodynamic force and moment acting on the submarine appended rudders and stern stabilizers were then obtained. Finally, hydrodynamic derivatives were determined, and these could be used for evaluating the maneuvering characteristics of the submarine in a further study.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.337-341
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• 2016

Purpose: Evaluation of atmospheric conditions for proper timing of spray application is important to prevent off-target movement of crop protection materials. Susceptible crops can be damaged downwind if proper application procedure is not followed. In our previous study, hourly data indicated unfavorable conditions, primarily between evening 18:00 hrs in the evening and 6:00 hrs next morning, during clear conditions in the hot summer months in the Mississippi delta. With the requirement of timely farm operations, sub-hourly data are required to provide better guidelines for pilots, as conditions of atmospheric stability can change rapidly. Although hourly data can be interpolated to some degree, finer resolution for data acquisition of the order of 15 min would provide pilots with more accurate recommendations to match the data recording frequency of local weather stations. Methods: In the present study, temperature and wind speed data obtained at a meteorological tower were re-sampled to calculate the atmospheric stability ratio for sub-hour and hourly recommendations. High-precision evaluation of temperature inversion periods influencing atmospheric stability was made considering strength, time of occurrence, and duration of temperature inversion. Results and Discussion: The results indicated that atmospheric stability could be determined at different time intervals providing consistent recommendations to aerial applicators, thereby avoiding temperature inversion with minimal off-target drift of the sprayed liquid.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4606-4623
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• 2019

Nowadays modern cities develop in a very rapid speed. Buildings become larger than ever and the interior structures of the buildings are even more complex. This drives a high demand for precise and accurate indoor navigation systems. Although the existing commercially available 2D indoor navigation system can help users quickly find the best path to their destination, it does not intuitively guide users to their destination. In contrast, an indoor navigation system combined with augmented reality technology can efficiently guide the user to the destination in real time. Such practical applications still have various problems like position accuracy, position drift, and calculation delay, which causes errors in the navigation route and result in navigation failure. During the navigation process, the large computation load and frequent correction of the displayed paths can be a huge burden for the terminal device. Therefore, the navigation algorithm and navigation logic need to be improved in the practical applications. This paper proposes an improved navigation algorithm and navigation logic to solve the problems, creating a more accurate and effective augmented reality indoor navigation system.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.64-68
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• 2022

Herein, we propose a LoRaWAN-based small draft system that can measure the ocean current flow (speed, direction, and distance) in real time at the request of the Coast Guard to develop a device that can promptly find survivors at sea. This system has been implemented and verified in the early stages of rescue after maritime vessel accidents, which are frequent. GPS signals often transmit considerable errors, so correction algorithms using the improved triangulation method algorithm are required to accurately indicate the direction of currents in real time. This paper is structured in the following manner. The introduction section elucidates rescue activities in the case of a maritime accident. Chapter 2 explains the characteristics and main parameters of the GPS surveying technique and LoRaWAN communication, which are related studies. It explains and expands on the critical distance error correction algorithm for GPS signals and its improvement. Chapter 3 discusses the design and analysis of small draft buoys. Chapter 4 presents the testing and validation of the implemented system in both onshore and offshore environments. Finally, Section 5 concludes the study with the expected impact and effects in the future.

• Wind and Structures
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.439-452
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• 2021

The concept of Performance objective assessment is extended to wind engineering. This approach applies using the Database-Assisted Design technique, relying on the aerodynamic database provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). A structural model of a low-rise building is analyzed to obtain influence coefficients for internal forces and displacements. Combining these coefficients with time histories of pressure coefficients on the envelope produces time histories of load effects on the structure, for example knee and ridge bending moments, and eave lateral drift. The peak values of such effects are represented by an extreme-value Type I Distribution, which allows the estimation of the gust wind speed leading to the mean hourly extreme loading that cause specific performance objective compromises. Firstly a fully correlated wind field over large tributary areas is assumed and then relaxed to utilize the denser pressure tap data available but with considerably more computational effort. The performance objectives are determined in accordance with the limit state load combinations given in the ASCE 7-16 provisions, particularly the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) method. The procedure is then repeated for several wind directions and different dominant opening scenarios to determine the cases that produce performance objective criteria. Comparisons with two approaches in ASCE 7 are made.