• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1327-1334
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• 2014

Linear form of public works such as roads, railways and rivers, generally used as long work crossing administrative districts, can be several hundreds km length and narrow. These linear forms use SCM sheets, which do not include the quadrangle shape, to make a public announcement of topographical drawing in order to get the work approval. the Integrated measurement channel investigation and cadastral act that are established in 2009 apply the ITRF for the composition of design and construction books and coordinates of topographical map in order to get the work approval. However according to the article 5 of additional clause, while the cadastre is maintaining local coordinates, if there is a technical error in the content of the Public Announcement of Topographical Drawing that used the SCM, the question of responsibility of land borders and the efficacy or not of the announcement is raised as an administrative measure. After analysing the causes and enforcing coordinate conversion and correction taking into account linear form work's features, the result was reflected in the existing SCM. As a conclusion, the present study proposes the improvement of the procedures of the Public Announcement of Topographical Drawing.

• Journal of Cadastre & Land InformatiX
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.139-151
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• 2018

The National Base Map construction consists of the regular correction work of dividing the whole country into two regions and carrying out the modification Plotting by aerial photographs every two years as well as the real time updating work of correcting the major change feature within two weeks by the field survey and the As-Built Drawing. In the case of the Building Layout Drawing of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System(KRAS) used for real time updating work of the National base map, the coordinate transformation error is included in the positional error when applied to the National Base Map based on the World Geodetic Reference System as the coordinate system based on the Regional Geodetic Reference System. In addition, National Base Map is registered based on the outline(eaves line) of the building in the Digital Topographic Map, and the Cadastral and Architecture are registered based on the building center line. Therefore, the Building Object management standard is inconsistent. In order to investigate the improvement method, the network RTK survey was conducted directly on a location of the Building Layout Drawing of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System(KRAS) and the problems were analyzed by comparing with the plane plotting position reference in National Base Map. In the case of the general structure with the difference on the Building center line and the eaves line, beside the location information was different also the difference in the ratio of the building object was different between Building center line and the eave. In conclusion, it is necessary to provide the Base data of the double layer of the Building center line and the outline of the building(eaves line) in order to utilize the Building Layout Drawing of Korea Real estate Administration intelligence System(KRAS). In addition, it is necessary to study an organic map update process that can acquire the up-to-dateness and the accuracy at the same time.

• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.113-139
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to provide informations about cause of failures when students solve word problems by analyzing what errors students made in solving word problems and types of error and features of error according to problem solving strategy. The results of this study can be summarized as follows: First, $5^{th}$ grade students preferred the expressions, estimate and verify, finding rules in order when solving word problems. But the majority of students couldn't use simplifying. Second, the types of error encountered according to the problem solving strategy on problem based learning are as follows; In the case of 'expression', the most common error when using expression was the error of question understanding. The second most common was the error of concept principle, followed by the error of solving procedure. In 'estimate and verify' strategy, there was a low proportion of errors and students understood estimate and verify well. When students use 'drawing diagram', they made errors because they misunderstood the problems, made mistakes in calculations and in transforming key-words of data into expressions. In 'making table' strategy, there were a lot of errors in question understanding because students misunderstood the relationship between information. Finally, we suggest that problem solving ability can be developed through an analysis of error types according to the problem strategy and a correct teaching about these error types.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.49-56
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• 2018

Euclidean distance (ED) between error distribution and Dirac delta function has been used as an efficient performance criterion in impulsive noise environmentsdue to the outlier-cutting effect of Gaussian kernel for error signal. The gradient of ED for its minimization has two components; $A_k$ for kernel function of error pairs and the other $B_k$ for kernel function of errors. In this paper, it is analyzed that the first component is to govern gathering close together error samples, and the other one $B_k$ is to conduct error-sample concentration on zero. Based upon this analysis, it is proposed to normalize $A_k$ and $B_k$ with power of inputs which are modified by kernelled error pairs or errors for the purpose of reinforcing their roles of narrowing error-gap and drawing error samples to zero. Through comparison of fluctuation of steady state MSE and value of minimum MSE in the results of simulation of multipath equalization under impulsive noise, their roles and efficiency of the proposed normalization method are verified.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.20-28
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• 2020

In construction project, an error in quantity information immediately leads to an error in the quotation, highly reliable quantity calculation is required for successful performance of a project. But there is a difficulty in the current situation for the person in charge to review all calculation sheets for quantity review as the quotation work has to be performed in a short period of time. Accordingly, it is thought that a review plan is required to secure reliability on calculated results and the review plan should be able to be carried out within insufficient quotation periods. In the present paper, it is intended to present a plan that enables quantity to be reviewed with the minimum number of persons within the shortest period of time through an algorithm of calculating a verification quantity. The suggested algorithm allows the result of quantity calculation work carried out earlier based on 2-dimensional drawing to be compared, not with an accurate quantity, but within an error range.

• East Asian mathematical journal
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.547-564
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate 5th graders' performance for mixed operational problem. For this purpose. two kinds of studies were conducted: a descriptive study by pencil and paper tests(32 problems) and a clinical study by interviews. The conclusions drawn from the results obtained in this study were as follows: First, students were highly scored in pencil and paper tests(M=85.25%). But that score is not up to scratch. Because the problem was composed of simple calculations and if students calculate problems from only let side, they gel 75% right answer, etc. Second, most of students solved mixed operational problems by text-based way, but some students solved flexibly. There are several error types. The main error type is students' following the wrong order of calculations. Some students have obstacles to express their thought with numerical expressions. So they make errors. Third, students solve mixed operational problems with various strategies. For examples, they solve problems by describing calculation procedures, drawing lines to indicate the order of calculations, carrying out two numerical expressions, etc.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.12 no.10
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• pp.40-49
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• 1995

This paper presents the performance and problems in analysis method and testing system of Electronic Speckle Pattern Interferometry (ESPI) method, in measuring two - dimensional in-plane displacement. The anyalysis result of measurement by ESPE is quite comparable to that tof measurement by strain gauge method. This implies that the method of ESPE is a very effective tool in non-contact two-dimensional in-plane strain analysis. But there is a controversal point, measurment error. This error is discussed to be affected not by ESPE method itself, but by its analysis scheme of the interference fringe, where the first-order interpolation has been applied to the points of strain measured. In this case, it is turned out that the more errors would be occurred in the large interval of fringe. And so this paper describes a computer method for drawing when the height is available only for some arbitrary collection of points. The method is based on a distance-weighted, last- squares approximation technique with the weight varying with the distance of the data points.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.259-268
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• 2017

Formal Safety Assessment (FSA) has been mostly implemented on the hardware aspects of vessels. Although there are guidelines regarding human error FSAs, there have not been many assessments in such areas. To this end, this study seeks to use precedent studies for the safe operation of DP vessels, conducting an FSA regarding human error of DP LOP (Loss of Position) incidents. For this, the study referred to precedent studies for the frequency of DP LOP incidents caused by human errors, adding the severity of LOP incidents, and then applying them to the Bayesian network. As a result, the study was able to confirm that among DP LOP incidents caused by human errors, the drive-off from skill-based errors was 74.3% and the drive-off from unsafe supervision was 50.5%. Based on such results, RCOs (Risk Control Options) were devised through a brainstorming session with experts coming up with proposals including providing mandatory DPO training, installing DP simulator on the vessels, drawing up measures to understanding the procedures for safe operation of DP vessels. Moreover, it was found that mandatory DPO training is reasonable in terms of cost benefits and that while installing a DP simulator is not suitable in terms of cost benefits, it can significantly reduce risks when operating DP vessels.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.51 no.2
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• pp.109-131
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• 2024

This review aims to examine safety concerns in pediatric dental care and underscore the need for comprehensive patient safety initiatives within the Korean Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. Drawing insights from the prevailing patient safety policies of the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, case reports, and systematic reviews, this review elucidates issues such as dental fires during sedation, ocular complications from local anesthesia, and surgical emphysema. This review highlights the significance of safety toolkits encompassing infection control, medical error reduction, dental unit waterline infection, and nitrous oxide safety in pediatric dental settings, underscoring the need to foster a safety culture. Furthermore, this study explores the curriculum for pediatric dentistry residency programs, emphasizing concepts such as high-reliability organizations and mortality and morbidity conferences. The study suggests the need for initiatives to enhance patient safety, including establishing safety committees, expanding reporting systems, policy development, and supporting research related to patient safety. In conclusion, this study underlines key messages, emphasizing the utmost priority of patient safety, acknowledging the inevitability of human error, promoting effective communication, and cultivating a patient safety culture. These principles are vital for advancing patient safety in pediatric dental care and improving outcomes among pediatric patients.

• The Korean Journal of Applied Statistics
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.453-462
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• 2017

Double propensity score adjustment is an analytic solution to address bias due to incomplete matching. However, it is difficult to estimate the standard error of the estimated treatment effect when using double propensity score adjustment. In this study, we propose two bootstrap methods to estimate the standard error. The first is a simple bootstrap method that involves drawing bootstrap samples from the matched sample using the propensity score as well as estimating the standard error from the bootstrapped samples. The second is a complex bootstrap method that draws bootstrap samples first from the original sample and then applies the propensity score matching to each bootstrapped sample. We examined the performances of the two methods using simulations under various scenarios. The estimates of standard error using the complex bootstrap were closer to the empirical standard error than those using the simple bootstrap. The simple bootstrap methods tended to underestimate. In addition, the coverage rates of a 95% confidence interval using the complex bootstrap were closer to the advertised rate of 0.95. We applied the two methods to a real data example and found also that the estimate of the standard error using the simple bootstrap was smaller than that using the complex bootstrap.