• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.149-155
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• 2004

Purpose: To investigate the effects of tissue inhomogeneity corrections on the dose delivered to prostate cancer patients treated with Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT). Methods and Materials: For five prostate cancer patients, IMRT treatment plans were generated using 6 MV or 10 MV X-rays. In each plan, seven equally spaced ports of photon beams were directed to the isocenter, neglecting the tissue heterogeneity in the body. The dose at the isocenter, mean dose, maximum dose, minimum dose and volume that received more than 95% of the isocenter dose in the planning target volume ( $V_{p>95%}$) were measured. The maximum doses to the rectum and the bladder, and the volumes that received more than 50, 75 and 90% of the prescribed dose were measured. Treatment plans were then recomputed using tissue inhomogeneity correction maintaining the intensity profiles and monitor units of each port. The prescription point dose and other dosimetric parameters were remeasured. Results: The inhomogeneity correction reduced the prescription point dose by an average 4.9 and 4.0% with 6 and 10 MV X-rays, respectively. The average reductions of the $V_{p>95%}$ were 0.8 and 0.9% with the 6 and 10 MV X-rays, respectively. The mean doses in the PTV were reduced by an average of 4.2 and 3.4% with the 6 and 10 MV X-rays, respectively. The irradiated volume parameters in the rectum and bladder were less decreased; less than 2.1 % (1.2%) of the reduction in the rectum (bladder). The average reductions in the mean dose were 1.0 and 0.5% in the rectum and bladder, respectively. Conclusions: Neglect of tissue inhomogeneity in the IMRT treatment of prostate cancer gives rise to a notable overestimation of the dose delivered to the target, whereas the impact of tissue inhomogeneity correction to the surrounding critical organs is less significant.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.15-24
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• 2013

Purpose: In Asan Medical Center, Two parallel opposite beams are employed for total body irradiation. Patients are required to be in supine position where two arms are attached to mid axillary line. Normally, physical compensators are required to compensate the large dose difference for different parts of body due to the different thicknesses compared to the umbilicus separation. There was the maximum dose difference up to 30% in lung and chest wall compared to the prescription dose. In order to resolve the dose discrepancy occurring on different body regions, the feasibility of using Fieid-in-Field Technique is investigated in this study. Materials and Methods: CT scan was performed to The RANDO Phantom with fabricated two arms and sent to Eclipse treatment planning system (version 10.0, Varian, USA). Conventional plan with physical lead compensator and new plan using Field-in-Field Technique were established on TPS. AAA (Anisotropic Analytical Algorithm) dose calculation algorithm was employed for two parallel opposite beams attenuation. Results: The dose difference between two methods was compared with the prescription dose. The dose distribution of chest and anterior chest wall uncovered by patient arms was 114~124% for physical lead compensator while Field-in-Field Technique gave 106~107% of the dose distribution. In-vivo dosimetry result using TLD showed that the dose distribution to the same region was 110~117% for conventional physical compensator and 104~107% for Field-in-Field Technique. Conclusion: In this study, the feasibility of using FIF technique has been investigated with fabricated arms attached Rando phantom. The dose difference was up to 17% due to the attached arms. It is shown that the dose homogeneity is within ${\pm}10%$ with the CT based 3-dimensional 4 step FIF technique. The in-vivo dosimetry result using TLD was showed that 95~107% dose distribution compared to prescription dose. It is considered that CT based 3-dimensional Field-in-Field Technique for the total body irradiation gives much homogeneous dose distribution for different body parts than the conventional physical compensator method and might be useful to evaluate the dose on each part of patient body.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Medical Physics Conference
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• 2002.09a
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• pp.154-156
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• 2002

Brachytherapy has a long history in the treatment of cancer. However, the treatment planning technique for brachytherapy has lagged somewhat behind the corresponding developments for external beam therapy as far as the imaging technique is concerned. Currently, the orthogonal-film-based treatment planning is performed at most institutions even though the CT-based planning is available. The aim of this study is to evaluate the CT-based vs. the orthogonal-film-based treatment planning in cervix cancer. The doses to point A, point B, rectum and bladder points according to ICRU 38 were calculated for the two methods above. In addition, the volumetric studies such as 3D dose computation and DVH were obtained for the CT-based planning. For the bulky tumor, the isodose lines of point A prescription were not fairly covered for the CTV. The CT -based dose planning can overestimate the maximum dose delivered to bladder and rectum by 30%. The CT-based planning has several advantages over the orthogonal-film-based such as 3D dose display, DVH, and more accurate target delineation. It is suggested that the prescription point in cervix cancer be revised especially for the bulky tumor.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2018

Cone beam Computed Tomography(CBCT) is an increasing trend in clinical applications due to its ability to increase the accuracy of radiation therapy. However, this leaded to an increase in exposure dose. In this study, the simulation using Monte Carlo method is performed and the absorbed dose of CBCT is analyzed and standardized data is presented. First, after simulating the CBCT, the photon spectrum was analyzed to secure the reliability and the absorbed dose of the tissue in the human body was evaluated using the MIRD phantom. Compared with SRS-78, the photon spectrum of CBCT showed similar tendency, and the average absorbed dose of MIRD phantom was 8.12 ~ 25.88 mGy depending on the body site. This is about 1% of prescription dose, but dose management will be needed to minimize patient side effects and normal tissue damage.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.85-98
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• 2009

In the oriental medicine, the Persicae Semen is a useful material for promoting blood circulation through removement of the extravasated blood in a blood vessel. This study is based on Dongueibogam, which has been widely used for herbal clinic in Korea. And this study is investigated to make sure of the range of Persicae Semen treatment, the nature of disease, the pathology and the dosage of it in Dongueibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the main prescriptions that used in Dongueibogam as a key ingredient. 1. The prescriptions of blending with the Persicae Semen are utilized in 25 fields of treatments such as feces, uterus, blood diseases, etc. 2. The Persicae Semen is used in the treatment of constipation, removement of blood stasis of gynecology. 3. The average mass of the Persicae Semen is 0.352g, the standard limited range of adding the Persicae Semen to medical prescription is 0.5$\sim$40g or 6$\sim$40pieces per dose. But, in most case of treatment medicines, an typical and regular adding dose is the range of 2$\sim$4g. 4. The Persicae Semen is one of basic materials for a fundamental prescription among several herbal remedies for the pathology.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.42-51
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• 2006

This study was investigated to make sure the range of Radix Asparagi treatment. the nature of disease. the pathology and the dosage of it in Dongeuybogam. The consequences were as follows: 1. The Radix Asparagi is used in 11 fields of treatment such as exhaustion, tussis and phlegm. blood diseases. etc 2. The Radix Asparagi is primarily used in the treatment of heart and lung disease, weak and infirm. and controlling hydrate and fever as well as tussis and phlegm. 3. The Radix Asparagi is used for nature of disease which of transmitting between sap and fever. cardiac disease caused by stress. floating fever. debility of blood, malfunction of heart and kidney. and deficiency of vitality. 4. The Radix Asparagi is used in a range of $2g{\sim}16g$ per dose with 4g being the typical dose for most treatments. 5. The Radix Asparagi is used as a fundamental prescription with several herb remedies for the pathology. The Radix Asparagi has been used to moisten the dryness and to keep the balance among fever of heart, lung, and kidney. According to the results. I suggest to use Radix Asparagi in a various pathogenic fields. The Radix Asparagi is able to use to improve not only fatigue. but also diabetes, cataract, and debility of blood.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2000

We performed this study to determine the radioprotective effects of Shi-Quan-Dai-Bu-Tang, as a prescription of traditional Oriental medicine, and its major ingredients. The jejunal crypt survival, endogenous spleen colony formation, and apoptosis in jejunal crypt cells were investigated in mice irradiated with high and low dose of ${\gamma}$-rays. The administration of danggui, baishaoyao, rensan, gancao or baifuling before irradiation protected the jejunal crypts (p<0.005). Shoudehuang, danggui, baishaoyao, rensan and huangqui increased the formation of endogenous spleen colony (p<0.05). Chuanxiong, baishaoyao, rensan and baifuling reduced the frequency of radiation-induced apotosis (p<0.05). The results indicated that the extracts of danggui, baishaoyao, rensan and baifuling may have radoprotective effects in mice irradiated with high and low dose of ${\gamma}$-rays. The radioprotective effect of the prescription, Shi-Qaun-Da-Bu-Tang, was not significant.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.171-183
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• 2005

Objective : The Korean famous medicinal prescription of Subi-jeon was investigated for their antidepressant effects by tail suspension test, hot plate test, reserpine-induced hypothermia test. In addition, the monoamine oxidase activity was determined in vivo. Methods : The methanol extract reduced dose-dependently the duration of immobility in the tail suspension test, by 31.4 and 34%(p<0.05) at doses of 500mg/kg and 1g/kg, respectively, compared with control group. In comparison with this, the effect of the water extract was very weak. Results : 1. In the hot plate test, the methanol extract potently increased the jump latency time(p<0.05) compared to the control group, exhibiting the inhibition rate of 197% and 256% at doses of 500mg/kg and 1g/kg(per os), respectively, which is more effective than the water extract. 2. Both extracts suppressed the fall of body temperature induced by reserpine(reserpine-induced hypothermia) in a dose-dependent manner, showing the less effect at lower doses and better effect at higher doses compared to the water extract. 3. Both extracts inhibited the brain monoamine oxidase activity in an in vivo assay compared to the control group, the activity of water extract was better than that of the methanol extract. Conclusion : The prescription of Subi-jeon can be useful for the prevention and treatment of depression.

• Quality Improvement in Health Care
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.125-132
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• 2008

Background : The number of outpatient injected anticancer drug is increasing. and the pathway of prescribing, compounding, and injecting anticancer drug is processed very rapidly in out-patient department. Moreover, Dose of anticancer drug is often changed depending on side effect of patients. So we need more effective inspection of anticancer drug prescriptions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the prescription errors for anticancer drugs in Out-Patient Department and to suggest system to prevent them. Method : The study took place at Asan Medical Center from July to September 2007. The pharmacists performed inspection of anticancer drug prescriptions before compounding and injecting. We used protocol-based anticancer drug order program and Electronic Medical Record (EMR). Result : During the study period, we analyzed 4683 prescriptions for out-patient. And we detected 55 medication errors (1.2%). Most common errors included dosage above or below the correct ones (56.3%), followed by incorrect treatment duration. Because most of dosing errors were in the range of usual dosage, it was hard to detect them. So when inspecting the prescription, we considered the medical records of individual patients. As a result, we could raise the efficiency of intervention. Therefore inspection using EMR could possibly reduce the number of anticancer drug errors. Conclusion : we are preventing the medication errors on stability and dosage above or below the maximum therapeutic dose according to the previous inspection system. However most of dosing errors were in the range of usual dosage according to the result of this study. Because of there was interpatient variability of dosage depending adverse effect. For improvement of quality assurance, we suggest inspection system based on patient's medical history.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2009

This report carried out to study 59 prescriptions related to the use of Pueraria thunbergiana bentham in Dongueibogam This study is based on Dongueibogam which has been widely used for herbal clinic in Korea. And this study is investigated to make sure of the range of treatment, nature of disease, the pathology and the dosage of Pueraria thunbergiana bentham in Dongueibogam. The following conclusions were reached through investigations on the prescriptions that used in Dongueibogam as a various role. 1. The prescriptions that Pueraria thunbergiana bentham was taken as a 15 for monarchy, 15 for attendant, 11 for assistance and valet herb are utilized for therapeutic treatments such as cough, fever etc, mainly Sanghan syndromes in the chapter of Wind. 2. The Pueraria thunbergiana bentham was also utilized as a key ingradients in the chapter of Eye and Onyeok epidemic. 3. The most frequent mass of the Pueraria thunbergiana bentham when used as a monarchy herb is 2jeon, and the standard limited range of adding Pueraria thunbergiana bentham to medical prescription is 7pun$\sim$5jeon per dose. But, when used as a attendant herb, an typical and regular adding dose is the range of 3pun5ri$\sim$1yang2.5jeon,and 3pun$\sim$1.5jun in the case of assistant. 4. The phathogenic factors and phathology of Pueraria thunbergiana bentham in the prescription are based on the chapter of Cold when used as a monarchy herb and on the chapter of Wind in the case of attendant herb. 5. The Seungmagalgeontang is the most useful base prescription which use the Pueraria thunbergiana bentham as the main ingredient.