• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.6
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• pp.789-792
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• 2015

Samples of fishery products were tested for radioactivity by using the intake frequency data from Korea Health Statistics. The radioactivity of $^{40}K$, $^{137}Cs$, $^{134}Cs$, and $^{131}I$ was analyzed using gamma spectrometry with a simplified sample pre-treatment procedure. The radioactivity range for $^{40}K$ was 21.9-3050 Bq/kg, whereas the radioactivities of $^{137}Cs$, $^{134}Cs$, and $^{131}I$ were under minimum detectable activity which were in the range of 0.140-1.97, 0.0900-1.89 and 0.124-1.94 Bq/kg, respectively, for the three species. The results suggest that the Fukushima accident did not have a significant impact on domestic fishery products, which were analyzed during the period from 2013 to 2015. Additionally, there seemed to be no significant impact of additional exposure dose by the analyzed radionuclides.

• Journal of Korea Foresty Energy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2006

Properties of wood charcoal made from the domestic wood species at $300-900^{\circ}C$ have investigated to understand the correlation between carbonization temperature and chemical and physical characteristics of wood charcoal. In terms of charcoal yield at particular carbonization temperatures, it was drastically decreased until the temperature reaches up to $600^{\circ}C$ and the decrease ratio of yield was reduced at higher temperatures. As the carbonization temperature increased, pH of the wood charcoal increased so that it became basic at last. The wood charcoal prepared at $600{\sim}700^{\circ}C$ showed the highest caloric value and those of wood charcoals made at higher temperature became plateau at a little lower level than the peak. The caloric value of Japanese larch charcoal was a bit higher than that of Red oak charcoal. The carbon content in the wood charcoal was increased as the carbonization temperature increased, whereas the hydrogen content was decreased. Specific surface area of the wood charcoal became larger with increase in temperature up to $600^{\circ}C$ but it was decreased or reduced in the increasing ratio after, and then it rose again at higher temperature than $800^{\circ}C$. Absorption capacity of the wood charcoal against iodine and gaseous acetic acid became greater as the carbonization temperature increased. Japanese larch charcoal presented higher absorption capacity than Red oak charcoal. As the above results, it is revealed that carbonization temperature affects the chemical and physical properties of wood charcoal. Therefore, to use wood charcoal with maximum effect it should be prepared at optimum temperature for proper use.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.61-71
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• 2006

This study was carried out to investigate chemotaxonomical correlation an d the chemical constituents of domestic Quercus sp. leaves. The leaves of Q. mongolica, Q. aliena, Q. serrata, Q. acutissima, Q. dentata and Q. variabilis were collected in the experimental forest of Kangwon National University. The combined extracts were successively fractionated with n -hexane, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate using a separation funnel. A portion of the ethyl acetate and $H_2O$ soluble materials of each species were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using various aqueous MeOH and EtOH-hexane as washing solvents. Spectrometric analysis such as NMR and MS, including TLC, were performed to characterize the structures of the isolated compounds. Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-gallocatechin, kaempferol, astragalin, astragalin-6"-O-gallate, isoquercitrin, isoquercitrin-6"-O-gallate and myricetin were isolated from Q. mongolic a leaves. Gallic acid, kaempferol and quercetin were characterized from Q. acutissima leaves. Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, (+)-gallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin, kaempferol, quercetin, guajaverin and tamarixin were identified from Q. dentata leaves. Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, kaempferol, quercitrin, isoquercitrin and myricetin were purified from Q. serrata leaves. Gallic acid, (+)-catechin, astragalin, astragalin-6"-O-gallate and isoquercitrin were isolated from Q. variabilis leaves. Gallic acid was isolated from all the leaves and could be a taxonomic index on Quercus spp..

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.346-357
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• 2013

In this study, it was conducted to produce wood pellets using domestic forest thinning residues and examine their quality according to Korean pellet quality standard. Raw materials were composed of larch and mixed broad leaves species. Based on the small-end diameter (6 cm), they were classified into four different types of raw materials such as LM (larch with middle diameter), LS (larch with small diameter), MM (mixed broadleaf with middle diameter), and MS (mixed broadleaf with small diameter). After crushing and drying process, wood pellets were produced by a ring-die type pelletizer using each raw material. Wood pellets made from four different types of raw materials were tested for their quality such as calorific value, moisture content, ash content, inorganic matters and so on. As results of quality analysis, the calorific values of all wood pellets were higher than 198 kcal/kg, and satisfied with the first grade of Korea wood pellet standard. The ash content was slightly increased after pelletizing. Mechanical durability of wood pellets was highly dependent on the types of raw materials. The quality differences among wood pellets were turned out due to different physical and chemical characteristics of raw materials even though the same pelletizing condition was applied.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.127-131
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• 2016

The natives of the genus Corbicula have shown worldwide dispersion in recent times, which has caused great ecological and economic impacts on the introduced ecosystems. The species reported from the genus have been consumed as food and explored for medicine with pharmacological activity. Consequently, the demand of Corbicula sp. in the South Korean domestic market has increased and so also it's associated import to the country. However, due to the absence of identification keys of imported Corbicula, the market is facing confronting situations. We hypothesized that the mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene (CO-I) based molecular profiling could be a necessary technique for identification of Corbicula sp. in the South Korea domestic market. The genetic analysis identified both Corbicula japonica and Corbicula fluminea from the market foods. C. japonica and C. fluminea are inhabitants in Korea, but C. fluminea production has decreased in Seomjingang river basin. Therefore, C. fluminea identified from this study, is expected to be imported from China and would have a mixed sales in Seomjingang river side basin.

• Proceedings of KOSOMES biannual meeting
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• 2006.11a
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• pp.221-237
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• 2006

Domestic laws such as Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law which has been made and amended according to the conclusions and amendments of various international conventions, especially by MARPOL 73/78, were reviewed and compared with major contents of international conventions, and several alternative measures for legislating new laws or amending existing laws such as Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law in accordance with new contents and recent amendments of existing and new international conventions were proposed. Annex VI of MARPOL 73/78 has been recently accepted in Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law which should be applied to ships which are the moving point sources of air pollution at Sea rather than in Korea Air Environment Conservation Law which should be applied to automobiles and industrial installations which are the line and/or point sources of air pollution in land. International Convention for Ship's Ballast Water/Sediment Management should be accepted in Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law or by a new law in order to prevent domes marine ecosystem and costal environment from the invasion of harmful exotic species through the discharge of ship's ballast water. International Convention for the Control of Harmful Anti-Fouling Systems on the Ships should be accepted in Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law which should be applied to ships which are navigating in open sea and coastal waters rather than in Korea Noxious Chemicals Management Law. Basel Convention which shall regulate and prohibit inter-nations movements of noxious chemical substances should be accepted in Korea Marine Pollution Prevention Law in order to prevent the movement and transfer of scrap-purpose tanker ships containing bilge water of oil/water mixtures and chemicals remained on board from advanced countries to developing and/or underdeveloped countries and to conserve global marine environment after all.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.359-374
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the chemotaxonomical correlation and chemical constituents of domestic Quercus spp. barks. The barks of Q. mongolica, Q. aliena, Q. serrata, Q. acutissima, Q. dentata, and Q. variabilis were collected in the experimental forest of Kangwon National University. The combined extracts were successively fractionated with n-hexane, methylene chloride and ethyl acetate using a separation funnel. A portion of the ethyl acetate and H2O soluble materials of each species were chromatographed on a Sephadex LH-20 column using various aqueous MeOH and EtOH-hexane as washing solvents. Spectrometric analysis such as NMR and MS, including TLC, were performed to characterize the structures of the isolated compounds. Ellagic acid (0.03 g), (+)-catechin (4.59 g), taxifolin (3.35 g), and glucodistylin (20.52 g) were isolated from Q. mongolica bark. Gallic acid (0.18 g), (+)-catechin (8.52 g), (+)-gallocatechin (0.09 g), taxifolin (0.54 g), and glucodistylin (3.28 g) were characterized from Q. acutissima bark. Gallic acid (0.38 g), ellagic acid (0.11 g), (+)-catechin (2.01 g), (+)-gallocatechin (0.12 g), and glucodistylin (0.39 g) were identified from Q. dentata bark. Ellagic acid (1.51 g), (+)-catechin (21.91 g), and glucodistylin (3.91 g) were purified from Q. aliena bark. Ellagic acid (0.84 g), (+)-catechin (0.82 g), taxifolin (4.02 g), and glucodistylin (21.50) were isolated from Q. serrata bark. Gallic acid (0.24 g), caffeic acid (0.05 g), (+)-catechin (0.32 g), and glucodistylin (0.65 g) were purified from Q. variabilis bark. (+)-Catechin and glucodistylin were isolated from all the barks. Glucodistylin can be a taxonomic index on Quercus spp.

• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.506-529
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• 2013

Nagoya protocol, alias ABS adopted in UN Convention on Biodiversity in 2010, has prompted governments in many countries to prepare strategic plans with regards to both the conservation of domestic bio-resources and the use of those with foreign origin. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of policy responses of Korean governments to ABS (Access and Benefit Sharing) and to make suggestions for a more integrative and efficient governance system for related ministries and institutions. Our analysis indicates that while most ministries have designated laws specifying various measures for the conservation of domestic bio-resources such as protected biological species or natural areas, just a couple of them have instituted measures governing the use of those resources and the benefit-sharing arising from it. We conclude that policy responses of Korean government are more focused on the conservation of bio-resources leaving the use of them ill-addressed. The study, thus, suggests that measures of 'bio-resource user country' be instituted in addition to those of 'bio-resource supplier country'. For instance, with regards to the use of bio-resources the roles and remits of related ministries had better be clarified and coordinated. The uncertainty over the explicit indication of 'place of origin' of bio-resources as a requirement of patent grant need to be cleared as well.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.35 no.5
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• pp.411-418
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• 2020

In this study, we reviewed a group of marine biotoxins, namely yessotoxins (YTXs), focusing on their causative organisms, contaminated shellfish, domestic and foreign management status, and analytical methods. Although YTXs have not yet been reported in any cases of seafood contamination in South Korea, it is necessary to implement preemptive measures through continuous monitoring because there is a potential risk, due to the introduction of toxic microalgae associated with climate changes and the introduction of contaminated seafood from various countries. YTXs are produced by dinoflagellates, such as Protecratium reticulatum, Gonyaulax polygramma, Gonyaulax spinifera, and Lingulodinium polyedrum, all of which are species found along Korea's coastal areas. Analysis of YTXs in shellfish samples is mainly performed by use of LC-MS/MS after methanol extraction and SPE cartridge clean-up (HLB or strata-X). In the case of lipophilic marine biotoxins, including YTXs, pectenotoxins, and azaspiracids, the extraction and purification procedures are similar. Thus, it seems that the simultaneous analysis of several lipophilic marine biotoxins in shellfish samples is possible, and optimization is necessary. In addition, continuous monitoring studies on causative marine microalgae for YTXs in Korean coastal waters and contaminations in domestic and imported seafood are needed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.321-329
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• 2003

In order to provide data on N-nitrosamine (NA) and sanitation in fish available in domestic markets, this study analyzed the levels of NA and its precursors in 9 samples of sea breams and yellow croakers, 12 samples of red-flesh fish, 38 samples of white fish, 5 samples of Alaska pollacks and cod, and 8 species of imported fish. Sea breams and yellow croakers had nitrite concentrations ranging from non-detectable (ND) to 7.4 mg/kg, red fish ND to 5.3 mg/kg, white fish ND to 18.7 mg/kg, Alaska pollacks 0.3 to 2.2 mg/kg, and imported fish from 0.4 to 12.8 mg/kg. Nitrates in sea breams and yellow croakers ranged from 1.2 to 41.19 mg/kg, red fish 0.6 to 26.1 mg/kg, white fish 4.3 to 75.9 mg/kg, Alaska pollacks 0.4 to 3.1 mg/kg, and imported fish ND to 16.0 mg/kg. DMA concentrations were 69.8 to 219.9 mg/l00 g in sea breams and yellow croakers, 4.1 to 336.3 mg/l00 g in red fish, 1.3 to 331.9 mg/l00 g in white fish, 15.7 to 312.3 mg/l00 g in Alaska pollacks, and 1.0 to 71.8 mg/l00 g in imported fish. TMA concentrations in sea breams and yellow croakers, red fish, white fish, Alaska pollacks and imported fish were 43.8∼496.2, 12.3∼127.0, 2.0∼525.9, 15.4∼122.4, and 4∼70.6 mg/l00 g, respectively. For NA in fish distributed in local markets, only N-nitro-sodimethylamine (NDMA) was detected, and its concentrations ranged from 4.7 to 73.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in sea breams and yellow croakers, 2.2 to 56.5 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in red fish, ND to 143 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in white fish, 3.8 to 33.3 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in Alaska pollacks, and 2.1 to 102.2 $\mu\textrm{g}$/kg in imported fish.