• 한국작물학회지
• /
• 제46권1호
• /
• pp.22-28
• /
• 2001

The induction of enzymes and the accumulation of their end products associated with self-defense mechanism in rice were investigated. When rice leaves were irradiated with UV light, activities of diterpene cyclase, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and cinnamic acid 4-hydroxylase (CA4H) were induced and rice phytoalexin, momilactone A was accumulated. The content of p-coumaric acid in rice leaves was closely correlated with self-defense or allelopathic potential against barnyardgrass. UV-challenged rice leaves gave rise to the inhibition of barnyardgrass growth.

• 약학회지
• /
• 제49권3호
• /
• pp.244-248
• /
• 2005

From the methanol extract of Rhododendron brachycarpum four triterpenes, three phenylpropanes and a diterpene alkaloid were isolated. Their structures were identified as glutinol (1), 3$\beta$-hydroxyurs-12-ene (2), $\beta$-sitosterol (3), (E)-P-hydrox-ycinnamic acid hexadecylester (4), (-)-rhododendrol (5), (+)-rhododendrol (6), 3$\beta$-hydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid (7) and gray-anotoxin I (8) by spectroscopic methods. Compound 8 showed moderate cytotoxicity against five cultured human tumor cell lines with $ED_{50}$ values of $3.21\~4.05 {\mu}g/ml$. The other compounds were of marginal activity against the tested cell lines.

• 한국자원식물학회지
• /
• 제13권2호
• /
• pp.89-94
• /
• 2000

Cephalotaxus koreana Nakai is endemic species of Korea. Since old days, the fruits have been used as a parasiticide and leaves have been used for a pierced wound by insects. The essential oil components from its aerial parts and stem bark by steam distillation were investigated. Several compounds were characterized by GC-Mass spectra. It was found that the leaves, stembark and flowers contain the compounds of essential oils, 1-octene-3-ol, hexadecanoic acid; $\alpha$-pinene, $\Delta^3$-carene mainly, linalylacetate, $\beta$-cubebene, 3,4-octadine-7-methyl , ferruginol(stem bark) and $\alpha$-pinene mainly, $\beta$-pinene , cyclopropane-1,1-dimethyl-2-(3-methyl-1,3-butadienyl), etc. This Cephalotaxus spp. contains the first components of ferruginol(M.W.286.03, $C_{20}H_{30}O)$ which belong to diterpene.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• 제25권3호
• /
• pp.197-206
• /
• 2021

Carnosol is a phenolic diterpene phytochemical found in rosemary and sage with reported anti-microbial, anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of carnosol on the lineage commitment of mouse bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (mBMSCs) into osteoblasts and adipocytes. Interestingly, carnosol stimulated the early commitment of mBMSCs into osteoblasts in dose-dependent manner as demonstrated by increased levels of alkaline phosphatase activity and Alizarin red staining for matrix mineralization. On the other hand, carnosol significantly suppressed adipogenesis of mBMSCs and downregulated both early and late markers of adipogenesis. Carnosol showed to induce osteogenesis in a mechanism mediated by activating BMP signaling pathway and subsequently upregulating the expression of BMPs downstream osteogenic target genes. In this context, treatment of mBMSCs with LDN-193189, BMPR1 selective inhibitor showed to abolish the stimulatory effect of carnosol on BMP2-induced osteogenesis. In conclusion, our data identified carnosol as a novel osteoanabolic phytochemical that can promote the differentiation of mBMSCs into osteoblasts versus adipocytes by activating BMP-signaling.

• 대한약학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 대한약학회 2003년도 Proceedings of the Convention of the Pharmaceutical Society of Korea Vol.1
• /
• pp.298.1-298.1
• /
• 2003

The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of acanthoic acid on liver injury induced by either tertiary-butyl hydroperoxide (tBH) or carbon tetrachloride in vitro and in vivo. Acanthoic acid, (-)-pimara-9(11),15-diene-19-oic acid, is a diterpene isolated from the root bark of Acanthopanax koreanum. In in vitro study, the cellular leakage of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) with 1.5 mM tBH for 1 j, were significantly inhibited by treatment with acanthoic acid(25 and 5mg/mL). (omitted)

• Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.246-250
• /
• 2003

양하(Zingiber mioga Roscoe) 근경의 에탄을 추출물을 재료로 Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis 및 B. cereus에 대한 activity-guided fractionation을 실시하여 항균성 물질 세가지준 얻었다. 항균력실험 결과, 화합물 I과 111은 세가지균주 모두에 활성이 있었고, 화합물 II에서는 B. subtilis과 B. cereus에서만 활성이 나타났다. 그 중에서 가장 활성이 강한 화합물 I을 Bioscreen C로 optical density(600 nm)를 측정하여 증식억제실험을 한 결과 10 ppm 처리시 B. subtilis과 B. cereus에서 72시간동안 강한 증식억제효과를 나타내었으며, S. aureus에서는 25 ppm 처리시 72시간동안 완전증식억제효과를 나타내었다. $1^H-NMR$, ${13}^C-NMR$, DEPT,$1^H-1^H$ COSY, HMQC, HMBC 및 IR 스펙트럼 등을 분석한 결과 화합물 I, II, III은 labdane-type diterpene인 $(E)-8{\beta}(17)-epoxylabd-12-ene-15,16-dial(C_{20}H_{30}O_3,\;MW=318)$, $galanolactone(C_{20}H_{30}O_3,\;MW=318)$ 그리고 galanal A($C_{20}H_{30}O_3,\;MW=318$)로 각각 동정되었으며, 이들은 양하의 근경에서는 처음 분리된 것이다.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제43권4호
• /
• pp.494-503
• /
• 2015

본 연구는 초임계 이산화탄소 추출법과 증류법에 의해 얻어진 편백 정유의 수율과 화학적 조성의 변화를 비교분석 하였다. 초임계 이산화탄소 추출은 $40^{\circ}C$, 100~400 bar의 압력범위에서 수행하였다. 편백 정유의 성분 분석은 GC-MS를 이용하여 수행하였다. 초임계 이산화탄소 추출 시 300 bar 압력에서 4.4%의 최대수율을 얻었으며 이는 증류법에 의해 얻어진 1.9% 수율에 비해 높았다. 초임계 이산화탄소 추출에 의해 얻어진 추출물은 증류법에 의한 정유에 비해 sesquiterpene류의 함량이 높았다. Sesquiterpene류는 초임계 이산화탄소 추출물의 약 39%~46%를 구성하고 있으며 monoterpenes, diterpene, lignan순으로 함유되어 있다. 추출압력에 따라 각 성분의 함유율은 차이를 보였다. 따라서 초임계 이산화탄소 추출조건은 편백 정유의 수율과 함유성분에 중요한 영향을 주는 것으로 보인다.

• BMB Reports
• /
• 제50권11호
• /
• pp.566-571
• /
• 2017

Weight loss ${\geq}5$ percent is sufficient to significantly reduce health risks for obese people; therefore, development of novel weight loss compounds with reduced toxicity is urgently required. After screening of natural compounds with anti-adipogenesis properties in 3T3-L1 cells, we determined that kahweol, a coffee-specific diterpene, inhibited adipogenesis. Kahweol reduced lipid accumulation and expression levels of adipogenesis and lipid accumulation-related factors. Levels of phosphorylated AKT and phosphorylated JAK2, that induce lipid accumulation, decreased in kahweol-treated cells. Particularly, kahweol treatment significantly increased AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation. We revealed that depletion of AMPK alleviated reduction in lipid accumulation from kahweol treatment, suggesting that inhibition of lipid accumulation by kahweol is dependent on AMPK activation. We detected more rapid reduction in blood glucose levels in mice administrated kahweol than in control mice. We suggest that kahweol has anti-obesity effects and should be studied further for possible therapeutic applications.

• 대한약침학회지
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.89-92
• /
• 2017

Aconitum Heterophyllum (A. Heterophyllum) is an indigenous medicinal plant of India and belongs to the family Ranunculaceae. A. Heterophyllum is known to possess a number of therapeutic effects. For very ancient times, this plant has been used in some formulations in the traditional healing system of India, i.e., Ayurveda. It is reported to have use in treating patients with urinary infections, diarrhea, and inflammation. It also has been used as an expectorant and for the promotion of hepatoprotective activity. The chemical studies of the plant have revealed that various parts of the plant contain alkaloids, carbohydrates, proteins and amino acids, saponins, glycosides, quinones, flavonoids, terpenoids, etc. In the present study, a comprehensive phytochemistry and pharmacognosy, as well as the medicinal properties, of A. Heterophyllum are discussed. Scientific information on the plant was collected from various sources, such as electronic sources (Google scholar, Pubmed) and some old classical text books of Ayurveda and Ethnopharmacology. The study also presents a review of the literature on A. Heterophyllum, as well as the primary pharmacological and other important findings on this medicine. This review article should provide useful information to and be a valuable tool for new researchers who are initiating studies on the plant A. Heterophyllum.

• 셀메드
• /
• 제4권3호
• /
• pp.15.1-15.14
• /
• 2014

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. F.) Wall. Ex Nees (Family: Anthaceae) is a traditionally known Ayurvedic medicinal plant. Several well-controlled clinical trials conducted during recent years have consistently reconfirmed that Andrographis paniculata extracts are effective in suppressing cardinal symptoms of diverse inflammatory and infectious diseases. Despite extensive efforts though, many questions concerning bioactive constituents of such extracts and their modes of actions still remain unanswered. Amongst diverse diterpene lactones isolated to date from such extracts, andrographolide is often considered to be the major, representative, or bioactive secondary metabolite of the plant. Therefore, it has attracted considerable attention of several drug discovery laboratories as a lead molecule potentially useful for identifying structurally and functionally novel drug. Critical analysis of available preclinical and clinical information on Andrographis paniculata extracts and pure andrographolide strongly suggest that they are pharmacologically polyvalent and that they possess adaptogenic properties. Aim of this communication is to summarize and critically analyze such data, and to point out some possibilities for more rationally exploiting their adaptogenic properties for discovering novel therapeutic leads, or for obtaining pharmacologically better standardized phyto-pharmaceuticals.