• Asian Journal of Business Environment
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.23-28
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• 2019

Purpose - With rapid population aging in Korea, changes in the population structure will result in a rise in the fiscal burden. This paper investigates the effects of population aging on fiscal spending based on Korea's province data and country panel data from the OECD. Research design, data, and methodology - We use province-level fiscal data from Local Finance Integrated Open System and the Korean Statistical Information Service and also collect country panel data from the OECD. To investigate the relationship between population aging and fiscal expenditures, our analysis uses the fixed effects model. Results - The empirical analysis based on Korean local finance and country panel data show that population aging has a positive impact on social welfare expenditures and it also has a positive impact on spending related to children and the elderly, implying that population aging may lead to an increase in fiscal spending via an increase in social welfare expenditures and spending related to children and the elderly. Conclusion - These empirical results suggest that countries like Korea that expect to experience rapid population aging need to pay more attention to prepare for the expected increase in age-related spending in the near future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Rural Planning
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.203-212
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• 2013

The aging of farm households has caused serious problems such as productivity slowdown and aggravated income polarization in South Korea. Urban-to-rural migration has been recently suggested as a measure to attenuate the aging of rural population and other related problems. The inflow of migrants for farming can have a substantial effect on agriculture and rural communities while the natural adjustment of rural population caused by birth and death is slow. This paper forecasts population distribution of different provinces using the Origin-Destination (OD) analysis, taking into account both the size and directions of migration. In the analysis, nodes where the migration takes place are divided by the industrial sectors (agriculture and non-agriculture), regions, and ages. The results of a ten-year forecast shows that the aging of total population in most provinces will be intensified, but the portion of people over sixty will decrease in the agricultural sector. This finding implies that migration into rural areas, when occurring by a large extent, can mitigate the aging process and attendant problems.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2000

This study is to investigate and analyze regional patterns of aging in Taejeon Metropolitan city-the overpopulated area of Choong-Cheong Province-by cohort analysis method. According to the population structure transition caused by rapid social and economic changes, Korea has made a rapid progress in population aging since 1970. This trend is so rapid that we should prepare for and cope with aging society. It is not only slow to cope with it in our society, but also there are few studies on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. The data of this study are the reports of Population and Housing Censuses in 1975 and 1985 and General Population and Housing Censuses with 10% sample survey in 1995 taken by National Statistical Office. The research method is to sample as the aging district the area with high aged population rate where the populations over 60 reside among total population during the years of 1975, 1985, 1995 and to sample the special districts of decreasing population where the population decreases very much and the special districts of increasing population in which the population increases greatly, presuming that the reason why aged population rate increases is that non-elderly population high in mobility moves out. It is then verified and ascertained whether it is true or not with cohort analysis method by age. Finally regional patterns in the city are found through the classification and modeling by type based on the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population. The characteristics of the regional patterns show that there is social population transition and that non-elderly population moves out. The aging district with the high aged population rate is divided into high-level keeping-up type, relative falling type below the average of Taejeon city in aging progress, and relative rising type above the average of the city. This district can be found at both the central area of the city and the suburbs because Taejeon city has the characteristic of over-bounded city. But it cannot be found at the new built-up area with the in-migration of large population. The special districts of decreasing population where the population continues to decrease can be said to be the population doughnuts found at the CBD and its neighboring inner area. On the other hand, the special districts of increasing population where the population continues to increase are located at the new built-up area of the northern part in Taejeon city. The special districts of decreasing population are overlapping with the aging district and higher in aged population rate by the out-migration of non-elderly population. The special districts of increasing population are not overlapping with the aging district and lower in aged population rate by the in-migration of non-elderly population. To clarify the distribution map of the aging district, the special districts of decreasing and increasing population and the aging district are divided into four groups such as the special districts of decreasing population group-the same one as the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population group, the special districts of increasing population group, and the other district. With the cohort analysis method by age used to investigate the definite increase and decrease of aging population through population transition of each group, it is found that the progress of population aging is closely related to the social population fluctuation, especially that aged population rate is higher with the out-migration of non-elderly population. This is to explain each model of CBD, inner area, and the suburbs after modeling the aging district, the special districts of decreasing population, and the special districts of increasing population in Taejeon city. On the assumption that the city area is a concentric circle, it is possible to divide it into three areas such as CBD(A), the inner area(B), and the suburbs(C). The special districts of increasing and decreasing population in the city are divided into three districts-the special districts of decreasing population(a), the special districts of increasing population(b), and the others(c). The aging district of this city is divided into the aging district($\alpha$) and the others($\beta$). And then modeling these districts, it is probable to find regional patterns in the city. $Aa{\alpha}$ and $Ac{\beta}$ patterns are found in the CBD, in which $Aa{\alpha}$ is the special district of decreasing population and is higher in aged population rate because of aged population low in mobility staying behind and out-migration of non-elderly population. $Ba{\alpha}$, $Ba{\beta}$, $Bb{\beta}$, and $Bc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the inner area, in which neighboring area $Ba{\alpha}$ pattern is located. $Bb{\beta}$ pattern is located at the new developing area of newly built apartment complex. $Cb{\beta}$, $Cc{\alpha}$, and $Cc{\beta}$ patterns are found in the suburbs, among which $Cc{\alpha}$ pattern is highest in population aging. It is likely that the $Cc{\beta}$ under housing land readjustment on a large scale will be the $Cb{\beta}$ pattern. As analyzed above, marriage and out-migration of new family, non-elderly population, with house purchase are main factors in accelerating population aging in the central area of the city. Population aging is responsible for the great increase of aged population with longer life expectancy by the low death rate, the out-migration of non-elderly population, and the age group of new aged population in the suburbs. It is necessary to investigate and analyze the regional patterns of population aging at the time when population problems caused by aging as well as longer life expectancy are now on the increase. I hope that this will help the future study on population aging of the geographical field in Korea. As in the future population aging will be a major problem in our society, local autonomy should make a plan for the problem to the extent that population aging progresses by regional groups and inevitably prepare for it.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.464-469
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• 2013

After city of Busan has been entered to the aging society in 2000, the city has the highest aging rate among 7 representative cities in 2011. Moreover, while entire population and number of average household are decreasing, over 65 years old of elderly population is rapidly increasing. So, it is possible to enter the super-aged society, where aging rate would be about 20% after 2020. The purpose of this study is that older housing-related analysis is consisted of dong-unit, and this led microscopic analysis has become necessary. Surveys from 2000 through 2010, census aggregate (output area) unit of spatial analysis was conducted. Take advantages of this, aging population and area, soaring area, high-density areas, such as the region of interest were primary extracted, and microscopic location and spatial distribution patterns were analyzed. Upon analysis, aging population is concentrated in the city and adjacent area, the highlands, and 10 years of increasing rate was more than 30 times in certain aggregate. Regarding the characteristic of these areas, the original city center, Busan, especially concentrated and intensified in aging population. Also, 2000 to 2010, the overall distribution pattern of Busan has identified aging population that is increasingly being distributed. This is the result, which is confronted with previous research result. Entering a super aged-society for the future is accordance with migration of social costs and improve the quality of life of elderly. And this could be the basic information to use the spatial dimension for the corresponding.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.402-416
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• 2013

This paper investigates both the changing spatial patterns of aging population during 1985 to 2010 and their interrelationship with the residential features of elderly households in 2010. The aging level of a region is classified into three different ones such as aging region (7~14%), aged region (14~20%) and super-aged region (over 20%). Residential features of elderly households are examined by such variables as housing type, housing ownership, and house age. Aging process has started from peripheral regions distanced away from Seoul. There are strong tendency that aging households reside in single unit house owned by oneself over 20 years-old aged houses, which shows more strong patterns toward peripheral regions in SMR.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.433-438
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• 2004

In this paper, we at first describe the linear age-dependent population system. In addition, we introduce the nonlinear population system. Using these age-dependent population systems, we evaluate the stability of these age-dependent population systems and determine the optimal birth rates that realize a target distribution which relaxes an aging population. In this paper, we focus on Japan's population and we use the amount of demographic statistics of Japan in year 2000.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.29-36
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• 2018

This study aims at suggesting directions to make children's parks considering the actual groups using them by comparative analysis of age distribution in residents within area of use and locations of children's parks with regards to changes in population structure of low birth rate and aging. Cheongju was selected for the study, and the current status of children's parks and population structure were categorized into six stages and the investigation and analysis were conducted by statistics by population group and by using Arc GIS Program. As a result of the analysis, children under 13 were 13.1% of the entire population in Cheongju and share of middle-aged and aged group including middle-aged was 31.3%. Park area per one children under 13 was 5.9㎡ and based on walking use area(250m), average number of parks available by autonomous district was eight. As a result of the analysis of characteristics of distribution of children's parks, they are densely located in old downtowns or the distribution density was relatively high in newly developed areas such as Osong-eup or Ochang-eup. However, outer rural areas have no children's parks or relatively low rate. As a result of the analysis on population structure and co-efficient of park location, in nine autonomous districts, aged group is increasing, leading to decrease use of children's parks. If resident rate aged group is higher in the region where a children's park is located, it is necessary to re-compose the existing one to different one or to change purposes of parks to be planned. Also, in the area with similar rates in both children's group and aged group, composing complex parks for both of them could be considered. This study has limitations by not conducting field studies about the current status of use of children's parks in areas where the population structure has been changing and not suggesting specifically new types of parks according to changes in population structure. It is necessary to conduct the following studies about relationship between children's parks and policies for composing parks responding to changes in population structure in neighboring regions in future.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.12 no.12
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• pp.25-33
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• 2021

Purpose: This paper estimates the impact of the epidemic crisis on election outcomes through investigating the effect of Covid19 crisis on election results of 21st General Election held in April 15th 2020 in Korea. Research design, data and methodology: This study employs Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method using district-level data from Seoul and Gyeonggi province available at National election data in Korea. Results: Despite the current crisis in Korea, Covid-19 has had positive effects on voter turnout on average, after controlling for other factors. On the other hand, the effect of Covid-19 on the voter turnout was negative in districts with a larger aging population and higher health insurance premiums. In addition, Covid-19 negatively impacted vote shares for the incumbent party, while its rival party saw gains in their votes. Conclusion: The effect of Covid-19 election outcomes in Korea is distinct from other countries due to the nationwide acknowledgment of the Korean government's achievement in managing the epidemic. This implies that the crisis management ability of a government is crucial in gaining support for an incumbent party in future elections. Countries facing upcoming elections need to implement acceptable Covid-19 restriction policies as well as economic support for compensation to reap similar benefits.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.37-49
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• 2020

Currently, the average aging rate has reached 14.8% in our country, despite the residents are aging or over the average aging rate has reached 31.8% with a population of less than 100,000. Various convenience facilities are concentrated in the town center, causing inconvenience to use. The main purpose of this study is to analyze the accessability of living convenience facilities in this area. This study builds on the population aging of the research target area and distribution of living facilities for the elderly based on MDIS data of the regional survey of the National Agriculture, Forestry and Fishing Survey of the National Statistical Office, and QGIS was used to visualize the status of the elderly, distribution of convenience facilities for the elderly, hot spot maps, and distance analysis, and also technical statistical analysis was conducted. As a result of the analysis, it was confirmed that the distribution and distance of living convenience facilities for the elderly in the area where the elderly lived a lot was located in a location that caused severe inconvenience to the use of the elderly. This suggests the necessity of the change facilities type and spatial reorganization by raising the need for space policy changes on the spatial distribution of elderly convenience facilities, reflecting the serious aging of small towns such as the study area.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.45-57
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• 2023

To assess land subsidence estimation and preparedness in the Geum River basin, this study applied GIS techniques and identified six key areas. The Geum River basin has experienced an increase in heavy rainfall since late 2010, and four study areas have shown an increase in groundwater levels. Land subsidence primarily occurred from June to September, with higher rainfall years in 2020 and 2023. Approximately 83.6% of land subsidence in Chungcheongbuk-do province occurred in Cheongju-si, mainly attributed to aging sewage pipes. The regions experiencing population growth have likely led to the construction of underground infrastructures and sewer pipes. Thus, it is considered that various factors, including sewage pipe leaks, precipitation, slope gradient, low drainage density, and groundwater level fluctuations, have contributed to land subsidence. Improving land subsidence estimation involves incorporating additional natural factors and human activities.