• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.45-50
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• 2004

Ca/P 비가 각각 1.62, 1.67, 1.72인 수산화아파타이트(Hydroxyapatite, HA) 세라믹스를 제조하고, HA 표면에서 수용액에 의하여 일어나는 용해현상을 고찰하였다. 수용액에서 3일간 침적시킨 경우 입계에서부터 용해가 시작되었으며, 침적시간이 10일로 증가하면서 이러한 입계용해에 의한 HA 세라믹스의 미세구조적 분해 현상은 비화학양론적 조성, 즉 Ca/P 비가 1.62 또는 1.72인 시편에서 두드러지게 나타났다. 주목할만한 것은, 용해가 진행되는 동안 세라믹스의 표면에는 골식세포의 흡수 과정에서 흔히 볼 수 있는 표면 결함(lacunae)과 매우 유사한 모양을 갖는 원형의 빈 공간(cavity)이 형성되었다.

• 한국응용약물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국응용약물학회 1996년도 춘계학술대회
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• pp.282-282
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• 1996

The purpose of this study was to prepare the nifedipine dry elixir (NDE) and coated nifedipine dry elixir (CNDE) containing nifedipine ethanol solution for improving the dissolution rate and bioavailability of nifedipine. NDE containing nifedipine and ethanol in wall materials of dextrin was prepared using a spray-dryer and then NDE was coated with eudragit acrylic resin to make CNDE. Shape and size of the NDE and CNDE were monitored by scanning electron micrograph and laser particle size analyzer In vitro dissolution tests were performed in simulated gastric and intestinal fluid. Bioavailability of NDE and CNDE were compared with drug powder suspension and commercial soft capsule after oral administration of the preparations to rats. NDE and CNDE are spherical in shape. Cross-sectional view of dry elixirs indicates the large inter cavity containing ethanolic drug solution in shell. Geometric mean diameter of NDE and CNDE is about 6.64 and 8.70 $\mu\textrm{m}$, respectively. Drug dissolution rate within first 5 min from NDE increased dramatically irrespective of dissolution medium. However, CNDE showed a particularly retarded dissolution rate in pH 1.2 simulated gastric fluid compared with NDE. The bioavailability of nifedipine in the NDE was increased dramatically compared with drug powder suspension. CNDE reduced initial burst-out plasma peak compared with NDE. CNDE as a sustained release delivery system could reduce the initial burst-out plasma peak due to controlling the release rate of nifedipine from NDE and maintain the effective plasma level over a longer period within therapeutic window with enhanced bioavailability of nifedipine.

• 약학회지
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.175-184
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• 1995

The interaction of omeprazole(OMP) with $\gamma$-cyclodextrin($\gamma$-CyD) was investigated by solubility study and the complexation was confirmed by means of UV/VIS spectrophotometer, circular dichroism, differential scanning calorimeter, and $^{1}$H nuclear magnetic resonance spectra. The stability, dissolution rate, and partition coefficient of the complex were measured. The results present that the benzimidazole moiety and a part of pyridine ring containing sulfur atom of OMP might be included into the cavity of $\gamma$-CyD and the formation type of inclusion complex appeared to be B$_{s}$. The stoichiometric ratio of OMP to $\gamma$-CyD in the complex was found to be 1:1 and the stability constant of the complex found to be 97.1 M$^{-1}$. And the dissolution rate of OMP was markedly increased by inclusion complex formation with $\gamma$-CyD, and so it was above 90% in 5 min. from solid complex. Oil to water partition coefficient of OMP-$\gamma$-CyD complex was 60, which is significantly higher than that of OMP itself, 36.4. The degradation rate constant of OMP were greater than OMP-$\gamma$-CyD complex in aqueous solutions of various pHs, and the half lives of OMP and OMP-$\gamma$-CyD at pH 9 were 279.2 and 509.9 days, respectively, showing that the complex was more stable than OMP, therefore it was thought that OMP was stabilized by inclusion formation with $\gamma$-CyD.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.331-340
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• 1993

Inclusion complex of omeprazole(OMZ) with hydroxypropyl-$\beta$-cyclodextrin(HP-$\beta$-CD) was prepared by freeze-drying method. The complexation was confirmed by means of UV, CD, IR, DSC, XRD and $^{1}$H-NMR spectra. The benzimidazole moiety of OMZ might be found to be included into the cavity of HP-$\beta$-CD and the inclusion complex appeared to be $A_{L}$ type. The stoichiometric ratio of OMZ : HP-$\beta$-CD was found to be 1:1, and the stability constants of the inclusion complex by solubility and UV method were about 34 and 45 M$^{-1}$, respectively. The dissolution of OMZ was significantly enhanced from powder and. yablet of OMZ-HP-$\beta$-CD complex when compared to those of OMZ alone, and oil-to-water partition coefficient of OMZ-HP-$\beta$-CD complex was significantly higher than that of OMZ alone. Therefore, it was expected that the bioavailability of OMZ could be improved markedly by inclusion complexation of OMZ with HP-$\beta$-CD.

• 한국광물학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.147-159
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• 2002

한 구릉상에 자연적으로 노출된 지표면을 따라 대략 50 cm 이내의 두께를 이루며 분포한다. 풍화된 벤토나이트에는 몬모릴로나이트 외에 7 $\AA$형 할로이사이트가 수반되고 그 하부에 인접하는 벤토나이트에 비해서 상대적으로 원암의 광물성분이 거의 잔류되지 않는 점토광물 위주의 광물조성을 보인다. 전자현미경 하에서 몬모릴로나이트와 할로이사이트는 서로 혼재되기보다는 따로 구획되어 분리된 상태로 산출되는 경향이 있다. 몬모릴로나이트의 엽편상 결정형의 테두리가 다소 변형되어 무딘 편상 결정형의 양상을 보인다. 할로이사이트는 0.3 $\mu$m 내외의 폭과 2 $\mu$m 이내의 길이를 갖는 침상 내지 관상의 결정형을 이루고 흔히 다발형태의 집합체를 형성한다. 전자현미경 관찰을 통한 이들의 미시적 조직 및 산출 관계에 대한 해석에 의하면, 몬모릴로나이트에서 할로이사이트로의 상전이는 혼합층상 구조형 (M/H)과 같은 이들의 중간형 점토광물상을 거치지 않는 형식으로 이루어진 것으로 판단된다. 또한 몬모릴로나이트로부터 할로이사이트로의 변질반응은 산화조건에서 용해 및 침전 반응형식으로 진행되었던 것으로 해석된다 이 풍화변질 과정에서 $SiO_2$를 비롯하여 Na, K 및 Ca과 같은 화학성분들이 심하게 용탈되어 많은 용해공극이 형성되었고, 상대적으로 잔류.농집된 $A1_2$$O_3$와 Fe에 의해서 할로이사이트의 생성여건이 조성되었던 것으로 해석된다.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.138-146
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• 2022

The cavitation and potentiodynamic polarization experiments were conducted simultaneously to investigate the effect of cavitation amplitude on the super austenitic stainless steel (UNS N08367) electrochemical behavior in seawater. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization experiment under cavitation condition showed that the corrosion current density increased with cavitation amplitude increase. Above oxygen evolution potential, the current density in a static condition was the largest because the anodic dissolution reaction by intergranular corrosion was promoted. In the static condition, intergranular corrosion was mainly observed. However, damage caused by erosion was observed in the cavitation environment. The micro-jet generated by cavity collapse destroyed the corrosion product and promoted the repassivation. So, weight loss occurred the most in static conditions. After the experiment, wave patterns were formed on the surface due to the compressive residual stress caused by the impact pressure of the cavity. Surface hardness was improved by the water cavitation peening effect, and the hardness value was the highest at 30 ㎛ amplitude. UNS N08367 with excellent mechanical performance due to its high hardness showed that cavitation inhibited corrosion damage.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.134-140
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• 2008

Micro electrochemical machining (ECM) is conducted on stainless steel 304 using non-toxic electrolyte of citric acid. Electrochemical dissolution region is minimized by applying a few hundred second duration pulses between the tungsten SPM tip and the work material. ECM characteristics according to citric acid concentration, feeding velocity and electric conditions such as pulse amplitude, pulse frequency, and offset voltage are investigated through a series of experiments. Micro holes of $60{\mu}m$ in diameter with the depth of $50{\mu}m$ and $90{\mu}m$ in diameter with the depth of $100{\mu}m$ are perforated. Square and circular micro cavities are also manufactured by electrochemical milling. This research can contribute to the development of safe and environmentally friendly micro ECM process.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.179-185
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• 2001

Through the observation of wear scar of two ceramic materials, microstructural wear mechanisms was investigated. As for the $Al_2O_3$-5 vol% SiC nanocomposite, the grain boundary fracture was suppressed by the presence of SiC nano-particles. The intragranular SiC particles have inhibited the extension of plastic deformation through the whole grain. Part of plastic deformation was accommodated around SiC particles, which made a cavity at the interface between SiC and matrix alumina. On the other hand, gas-pressure sintered silicon nitride showed extensive grain boundary fracture due to the thermal fatigue. The lamination of wear scar was initiated by the dissolution of grain boundary phase. These two extreme cases showed the importance of microstructures in wear behavior.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.101-108
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• 2007

Fixation of lead contaminants in the solidification/stabilization using Portland cement has been investigated by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and compressive strength. The presence of lead was observed to produce lead carbonate sulfate hydroxide ($Pb_4SO_4(CO_3)_2(OH)_2$), lead carbonate hydroxide hydrate ($3PbCO_3{\cdot}2Pb(OH)_2{\cdot}H_2O$) and two other unidentified lead salts in cavity areas and was observed to significantly retard the hydration of cement. By 28 days, howevere, the XRD peaks of most of the lead precipitates have essentially disappeared with only residual traces of lead carbonate sulfate hydroxide and lead carbonate hydroxide hydrate evident. After 28 days of curing, hydration appears well advanced with a strong portlandite peak present though C-S-H gel peaks are not particularly evident. Lead species produced with the dissolution of lead precipitates are fixed into the cement matrix to be calcium lead silicate hydrate (C-Pb-S-H) during cement-based solidification.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-6
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• 2007

Objectives : The purpose of this study is that the protective effects of habmayou on acetaminophen (AP)-induced hepatotoxicity were investigated in mice. Methods : Before administering AP mice supplied with only water were left alone for 18 hours. after concentration and dissolution in poly ethylglycol AP 400mg per 1kg of mouse weight, we injected AP titrated density with a physiological saline solution into the abdominal cavity of mouse to induce hepatotoxicity. we researched mortality rate and the shape of liver tissue of mouse. Results : Treatment with habmayou (250 mg/kg, p.o.) 0.5 h after AP administration significantly prevented an increase in plasma alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities and AP-induced hepatic necrosis, and also reduced AP-induced mortality from 46% to 0%. In addition, oral treatment with habmayou significantly prevented AP-induced depletion of glutathione (GSH) contents. However, habmayou treatment, by itself, did not affect hepatic GSH contents. Conclusion : These results show that the hepatoprotective effects of habmayou against AP overdose may be due to its ability to block the bioactivation of AP by regeneration of hepatonecrotic cells.