• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.71-86
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• 2007

This study aims at looking into the use of oriental medical services in treating disease and patient's attitude of oriental medicine by social classes. The first to be explored through this study is medical accessibility, classifying them by age, gender and job. Second is to examine kinds of oriental medical services and expenses incurred in treating the disease. Third is to compare satisfaction for the services offered and investigate into relations between disease and oriental medicine through cross-analysis by class, and provide fundamental materials for enhancing accessibility to oriental medical centers for treating chronic diseases. The 1,376 households for the period of time from Apr. to Jun. 2005, were asked to answer to the questionnaires offered. The conclusion from the survey can be summarized as follows. Medical services for the onset of disease were less offered to females, older group, low schooling, and low-income bracket. It is attributable to an economic cause, in both genders. The in- and outpatients' rate were found higher in groups of female, older age, low-income and blue-color workers. Use of oriental medical centers were higher in outpatients than inpatients probably for low-income brackets were less frequently put on regular physical checkups, more exposing to diseases. Each hospitalization was found over six days longer in average; 19.7 days for oriental medical hospitals, 12.5 for hospitals. The hospital charges that patients should pay for one hospitalization showed 909,000 won in oriental medical hospitals, much higher than 518,000 won in hospitals. Outpatients were also found to pay more for oriental medical services; 55,000 won for oriental medical hospitals, 19,000 for hospitals. As to outpatients' satisfaction, oriental medical hospitals were generally found to be a little more satisfactory than general hospitals; 11.2% of respondents answered Very Satisfactory. Satisfaction to services offered to outpatients showed 82.2% of respondents responded to Over Satisfactory for herb clinics, 76% for general hospitals. For future intention to use oriental medical services, females, over 51 years old, lower education and income, and blue color workers showed more intention to use them. To be more competitive in treating chronic diseases, it is necessary that oriental medical services become more accessible through extending its coverage of insurance into more medical herbs and their prepared packs, as well as mapping out extensive publicity strategies to make known to the public about high efficacy of medical herbs and their safety.

• 한국균학회소식:학술대회논문집
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• 한국균학회 2015년도 춘계학술대회 및 임시총회
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• pp.38-38
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• 2015

Throughout the world, clubroot disease is one of the most damaging diseases affecting Brassica oleracea. In order to perform QTL analysis of CR (clubroot resistance) loci in B. oleracea, we constructed a map, and analyzed CR-QTLs using the mean phenotypes of F3 progenies from the cross of a resistant double-haploid cabbage line (Anju) with a susceptible double-haploid broccoli line (GC). We identified one major QTL, pb-Bo(Anju)1 in C2 from Anju and four minor QTLs; pb-Bo(GC)1 in O5 from GC, pb-Bo(Anju)2, -3, -4 in C2, C3, and C7 from Anju, respectively. Additionally, we found that the accumulation of Pb-Bo(Anju)1 allele and the minor CR-QTLs is essential for resistance against various six isolates. Our finding markers closely linked to the CR-QTLs will help marker-assisted selection for CR. At present, we are undergoing toward map-based cloning for Pb-Bo(Anju)1 gene. The preliminary experiment delimited Pb-Bo(Anju)1 locus, encompassing among 450kB.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제18권9호
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• pp.1510-1517
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• 2008

Expresssed sequence tag (EST) analysis was developed from three cDNA libraries constructed from cells of the digestive tract, gonad, and liver of sea squirt. Randomly selected cDNA clones were partially sequenced to generate a total of 922 ESTs, in which 687 unique ESTs were identified respectively. Results of BLASTX search showed that 612 ESTs (89%) have homology to genes of known function whereas 75 ESTs (11%) were unidentified or novel. Based on the major function of their encoded proteins, the identified clones were classified into ten broad categories. We also identified several kinds of immune-related genes as identifying novel genes. Sequence analysis of ESTs revealed the presence of microsatellite-containing genes that may be valuable for further gene mapping studies. The accumulation of a large number of identified cDNA clones is invaluable for the study of sea squirt genetics and developmental biology. Further studies using cDNA microarrays are needed to identify the differentially expressed transcripts after disease infection.

• 한국생물정보학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생물정보시스템생물학회 2003년도 제2차 연례학술대회 발표논문집
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• pp.221-228
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• 2003

This paper presents a novel method that can identify the individual's haplotype from the given genotypes. Because of the limitation of the conventional single-locus analysis, haplotypes have gained increasing attention in the mapping of complex-disease genes. Conventionally there are two approaches which resolve the individual's haplotypes. One is the molecular haplotypings which have many potential limitations in cost and convenience. The other is the in-silico haplotypings which phase the haplotypes from the diploid genotyped populations, and are cost effective and high-throughput method. In-silico haplotyping is divided into two sub-categories - statistical and computational method. The former computes the frequencies of the common haplotypes, and then resolves the individual's haplotypes. The latter directly resolves the individual's haplotypes using the perfect phylogeny model first proposed by Dan Gusfield [7]. Our method combines two approaches in order to increase the accuracy and the running time. The individuals' haplotypes are resolved by considering the MLE (Maximum Likelihood Estimation) in the process of computing the frequencies of the common haplotypes.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.129-132
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• 2005

It is one of the most important issues to determine a target brain image that gives a common coordinate system for a constructing population-based brain atlas. The purpose of this study is to provide a simple and reliable procedure that determines the target brain image among the group based on the inherent structural information of three-dimensional magnetic resonance (MR) images. It uses only 11 lines defined automatically as a feature vector representing structural variations based on the Talairach coordinate system. Average characteristic vector of the group and the difference vectors of each one from the average vector were obtained. Finally, the individual data that had the minimum difference vector was determined as the target. We determined the target brain image by both our algorithm and conventional visual inspection for 20 healthy young volunteers. Eighteen fiducial points were marked independently for each data to evaluate the similarity. Target brain image obtained by our algorithm showed the best result, and the visual inspection determined the second one. We concluded that our method could be used to determine an appropriate target brain image in constructing brain atlases such as disease-specific ones.

• 보건의료기술평가
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.156-161
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• 2018

Objectives: To evaluate results and workloads of the horizon scanning of the emerging health technology since 2014 to 2016. Methods: In order to analyze the results of the emerging health technology, we identified the number of research procedure between 2014 and 2016. The sixteen findings were calculated annual workload by person, and categorized by medical phase, classification of disease, and healthcare technology. Results: An average of 5.67 personnel were involved over three years, assessment of each emerging healthcare technology was performed for each person of identifying 54 cases, filtering 2.4 cases, prioritizing 0.9 cases were performed. According to the mapping by healthcare technologies, nine medical devices (56.3%), six drugs (37.5%), and one material of the medical treatment (6.3%) were assessed. Among sixteen findings, fifteen cases were health technologies for treatment and only one case for diagnosis. Conclusion: Future plans of the horizon scanning of the emerging health technology is required appropriate manpower in charge each target number of assessment. And a legal basis should be provided for policy reflection rate. Furthermore, an evaluation criteria and procedures should be transparent to avoid a conflict of interest.

• International Journal of Contents
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.1-15
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• 2021

Named entity recognition (NER) is a crucial task for NLP, which aims to extract information from texts. To build NER systems, deep learning (DL) models are learned with dictionary features by mapping each word in the dataset to dictionary features and generating a unique index. However, this technique might generate noisy labels, which pose significant challenges for the NER task. In this paper, we proposed DL-dictionary features, and evaluated them on two datasets, including the OntoNotes 5.0 dataset and our new infectious disease outbreak dataset named GFID. We used (1) a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (BiLSTM) character and (2) pre-trained embedding to concatenate with (3) our proposed features, named the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), BiLSTM, and self-attention dictionaries, respectively. The combined features (1-3) were fed through BiLSTM - Conditional Random Field (CRF) to predict named entity classes as outputs. We compared these outputs with other predictions of the BiLSTM character, pre-trained embedding, and dictionary features from previous research, which used the exact matching and partial matching dictionary technique. The findings showed that the model employing our dictionary features outperformed other models that used existing dictionary features. We also computed the F1 score with the GFID dataset to apply this technique to extract medical or healthcare information.

• 한국지역지리학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.464-472
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• 2012

본 연구는 2010~2011년 한국에서 발생한 구제역이 시 공간에서 어떠한 군집 특징을 보이는가를 질병역학적 관점에서 지리정보시스템(GIS) 기반의 공간통계 방법으로 분석한 것으로 다음과 같은 주요 소견을 도출하였다. 첫째, 경기북부의 발생 사례에서는 가축 사육밀도가 높아 주변 농장으로 바이러스 전파가 용이한 환경에서는 구제역이 상대적으로 좁은 공간적 범위에서 시 공간 군집을 이루면서 전파되는 양상을 보였다. 둘째, 여주 이천 안성 등 경기도 남동부지역에서는 전체 구제역 발생 지점이 공간상으로는 밀집해 있지만 시간상으로는 분산되는 양상을 보였다. 셋째, 시간적 범위를 7일로 하였을 때 시 공간 군집의 평균 반경이 25km이고 최소 반경은 5.4km, 최대 반경은 74km로 분석되었다. 또한 구제역 발병 초기에는 군집의 반경이 작지만, 시간이 지남에 따라 군집의 반경이 커진다는 소견에 근거할 때 특정 지점에서 발생한 구제역에 대한 방역계획을 수립할 때 일차적으로 방역 범위에 대한 정확한 평가가 중요함을 시사한다.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권6호
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• pp.530-537
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• 2007

목적: 본 연구는 초기의 피질하 혈관성치매와 알쯔하이머병 환자에서 Tc-99m HMPAO 단일광자방출단층촬영술을 이용하여 국소 뇌 혈류 흐름의 특징적인 양상을 평가하고 두 질환에서의 차이를 비교하고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 피질하 혈관성치매 환자 16명, 알쯔하이머병 46명, 12명의 대조군이 포함되었다. 피질하 혈관성치매와 알쯔하이머병은 NINCDS-ADRDA 와 NINDS-AIREN 기준에 합당하였고, 이들의 연령, 교육연수, 한국형 간이정신상태검사 점수와 치매임상척도 점수를 일치시켰다. 세 군에서 국소 뇌혈류 흐름을 측정하고자 SPM 분석을 이용한 TG-99m HMPAO 단일 광자방출단층촬영술을 실시하였다. 피질하 혈관성치매와 알쯔하이머병에서의 단일광자방출단층촬영술 결과를 정상 대조군과 비교하였고, 이어서 두 질환 간의 차이를 비교하였다. 결과: 대조군과의 SPM분석 결과 피질하 혈관성치매에서는 우측 관자엽, 시상, 좌측 뇌섬엽, 상부 관자이랑, 양측 띠이랑, 이마엽에서 의미 있는 관류저하가 있었고, 알쯔하이머병에서는 좌측 모서리위이랑, 상부 관자이랑, 중심뒤이랑, 하부 마루소엽, 우측 뒤통수관자이랑, 양측 띠이랑에서 관류저하을 보였다(uncorrected p<0.01). 피질하 혈관성치매 환자에서 알쯔하이머병 환자에 비해 우측 해마이랑, 띠이랑, 좌측 뇌섬엽, 양측 이마소이랑 부위에 의미있는 관류저하를 보였다(uncorrected p<0.01). 결론: 본 연구는 피질하 혈관성치매와 알쯔하이머병 환자에서의 관류의 특징과 차이를 보여주었고, 이러한 결과는 질병의 초기단계에서 두 질환을 구별하는데 도움을 줄 수 있을 것으로 생각한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권8호
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• pp.3435-3442
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• 2015

Objective : To provide background information for strengthening cervical cancer prevention in the Pacific by mapping current human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and cervical cancer screening practices, as well as intent and barriers to the introduction and maintenance of national HPV vaccination programmes in the region. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey among ministry of health officials from 21 Pacific Island countries and territories (n=21). Results: Cervical cancer prevention was rated as highly important, but implementation of prevention programs were insufficient, with only two of 21 countries and territories having achieved coverage of cervical cancer screening above 40%. Ten of 21 countries and territories had included HPV vaccination in their immunization schedule, but only two countries reported coverage of HPV vaccination above 60% among the targeted population. Key barriers to the introduction and continuation of HPV vaccination were reported to be: (i) Lack of sustainable financing for HPV vaccine programs; (ii) Lack of visible government endorsement; (iii) Critical public perception of the value and safety of the HPV vaccine; and (iv) Lack of clear guidelines and policies for HPV vaccination. Conclusion: Current practices to prevent cervical cancer in the Pacific Region do not match the high burden of disease from cervical cancer. A regional approach, including reducing vaccine prices by bulk purchase of vaccine, technical support for implementation of prevention programs, operational research and advocacy could strengthen political momentum for cervical cancer prevention and avoid risking the lives of many women in the Pacific.