• 제목/요약/키워드: discharge currents

검색결과 148건 처리시간 0.029초

3전극 직류형 PDP의 전기적 특성과 펄스 메모리 구동 (Electrical characteristics and pulse memory operation of 3-electrode DC-PDP)

  • 명대진;손일헌
    • 전자공학회논문지D
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    • 제35D권7호
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    • pp.32-39
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    • 1998
  • This paper presents the experimental results on the 3-electrode DC-PDP which has a common electrode to improve the PDP life cycle. The measured DC characteristic proves the effectiveness of common electrode absorbing about half of discharge currents. The waveforms for pulse memory operation of3-electrode PDP without crosstalk could also be determined from the I-V characteristics. The pulse memory drives of 8*8 cell array show the frequency response fo memory margin and the luminance efficiency of 3-electrode PDP are quite different from genrally known characteristics of 2-electrode DC-PDP.

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부영양화된 해양환경의 수질개선을 위한 해양생태계모델링의 적용 ; 한국의 진해만 (Application of ecosystem modeling for the assessment of water quality in an eutrophic marine environment; Jinhae Bay)

  • 이원찬;박성은;홍석진;오현택;정래홍;구준호
    • 해양환경안전학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 해양환경안전학회 2006년도 추계학술발표회
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    • pp.217-219
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    • 2006
  • This study focused an water quality response to land-based pollution loads and the appropriate pollutant load reduction in Chinhae Bay using an eco-hydrodynamic model. Land-based discharge foam urban areas, industrial complex and sewage treatment plant was the greatest contributor to cause red-tide blooms and summer hypoxia. Tidal currents velocity af the ebb tide was about 10 cm/s stronger than that of the flood tide. A residual current was simulated to. have a slightly complicated pattern with ranging from 0.1 to. 2.7 cm/s. In Masan Bay, pollutant materials cannot flaw from the inner to the outer bay easily because af residual currents flaw southward at surface and northward at the bottom. The simulation results of COD distribution showedhigh concentrations aver 3 mg/L in the inner part of Masan Bay related pollutant discharge, and charge, and lower levels less than 1.5mg/L in the central part of Chinhae Bay. For improvement water quality in Chinhae Bay, it is necessary to reduce the organic and inorganic loads from paint sources by mare than 50% and ameliorate severe polluted sediment.

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춘계와 하계의 영양염 농도와 그 구성비가 식물플랑크톤의 군집구조에 미치는 영향평가 (The Influence of Nutrients Concentration and the Ratio on Phytoplankton Community Structure during Late Spring and Early Summer in Sagami Bay, Japan)

  • 백승호;시모데신지;한명수;키쿠치토모히코
    • ALGAE
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.277-288
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    • 2008
  • The relationship between nutrients and phytoplankton dynamics was investigated daily from 12 April to 22 July 2003 in Sagami Bay, Japan. According to multidimensional scaling (MDS) and cluster analysis, phytoplankton community was divided into four distinct groups. The first group was consisted of centric diatom species, such as Guinardia spp., Detonula spp., Letocylindrus danicus, Skeletonema costatum, Eucampia zodiacus and Chaetoceros spp.. The second and third clusters comprised mainly diatoms and dinoflagellates, respectively. The other cluster was restricted to the samples collected during the last sampling period when the rainfall and river discharge was frequently recorded. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) was applied to analyze four groups respectively, which focused on the effects of nutrients concentration and ratio on phytoplankton variations. Based on CCA analysis, most species of centric diatom were negatively correlated with DSi concentrations and Si/N ratio. Nutrients were strongly limited phytoplankton growth during the summer when the rainfall was not observed, whereas river discharge by rainfall and counterclockwise coastal currents (although the surface circulation pattern is often altered by Kuroshio Current, the counterclockwise coastal currents are generally dominant) has brought phytoplankton population accumulation and triggered the micoalgae growth in western part of the bay. Phosphorous (P) was strongly limited after significantly increases in the phytoplankton abundances. However, silicate (Si) was not a major limiting factor for phytoplankton production, since Si/DIN and Si/P ratio did not create any potential stoichiometric limitation. This indicates that high Si availability contributes favorably to the maintenance of diatom ecosystems in Sagami Bay.

A Study of Transient Estuarine Circulation in the Chunsu Bay, Yellow Sea: Impact of Freshwater Discharge by Artificial Dikes

  • Jeong, Kwang-Young;Ro, Young Jae;Kang, Tae Soon;Choi, Yang Ho;Kim, Changsin;Kim, Baek Jin
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제26권3호
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    • pp.242-253
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    • 2020
  • This study examined the ef ects of freshwater discharge by artificial dikes from the Kanwol and Bunam lakes on the dynamics in the Chunsu Bay, Yellow Sea, Korea, during the summer season based on three-dimensional numerical modeling experiments. Model performances were evaluated in terms of skill scores for tidal elevation, velocity, temperature, and salinity and these scores mostly exceeded 90 %. The variability in residual currents before and after the freshwater discharge was examined. The large amount of lake water discharge through artificial dikes may result in a dramatically changed density field in the Chunsu Bay, leading to an estuarine circulation system. The density-driven current formed as a result of the freshwater inflow through the artificial dikes (Kanwol/Bunam) caused a partial change in the tidal circulation and a change in the scale and location of paired residual eddies. The stratification formed by strengthened static stability following the freshwater discharge led to a dramatic increase in the Richardson number and lasted for a few weeks. The strong stratification suppressed the vertical flux and inhibited surface aerated water mixing with bottom water. This phenomenon would have direct and indirect impacts on the marine environment such as hypoxia/anoxia formation at the bottom.

Hydrocarbon Plasma of a Low-Pressure Arc Discharge for Deposition of Highly-Adhesive Hydrogenated DLC Films

  • Chun, Hui-Gon;Oskomov, Konstantin V.;Sochugov, Nikolay S.;Lee, Jing-Hyuk;You, Yong-Zoo;Cho, Tong-Yul
    • 반도체디스플레이기술학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2003
  • Plasma generator based on non-self-sustained low-pressure arc discharge has been examined as a tool for deposition of highly-adhesive hydrogenated amorphous diamond-like carbon(DLC) films. Since the discharge is stable in wide range of gas pressures and currents, this plasma source makes possible to realize both plasma-immersion ion implantation(PIII) and plasma-immersion ion deposition(PIID) in a unified vacuum cycle. The plasma parameters were measured as functions of discharge current. Discharge and substrate bias voltage parameters have been determined for the PIII and PIID modes. For PIID it has been demonstrated that hard and well-adherent DLC coating are produced at 200-500 eV energies per deposited carbon atom. The growth rates of DLC films in this case are about 200-300 nm/h. It was also shown that short(∼60$\mu\textrm{s}$) high-voltage(> 1kV) substrate bias pulses are the most favorable for achieving high hardness and good adhesion of DLC, as well as for reducing of residual intrinsic stress are.

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저항회로의 개폐불꽃에 의한 폭발성 가스의 점화한계에 관한 연구 (A Study on The Ignition Limit of Flammable Gases by Discharge Spark of Resistive Circuit)

  • 이춘하
    • 한국가스학회지
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    • 제1권1호
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    • pp.106-112
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    • 1997
  • 본 연구는 직류 저항회로의 개폐불꽃에 의한 폭발성 가스의 점화한계를 실험적으로 고찰하였다. 실험은 IEC형 불꽃점화 시험장치의 폭발용기에 폭발성 가스(메탄-공기 프로판-공기, 에틸렌-공기, 수소-공기)를 각각 넣고 텅스텐 전극과 카드뮴 전극사이에서 발생하는 3,200회의 개폐불꽃에 의한 점화유무를 확인하므로서 점화한계를 구하였다. 또한 실험장치의 점화감도교정을 실험한 후에 실시하므로서 실험의 정확성을 기하였다. 실험결과 최소 점화 전류값을 갖는 최소점화한계농도는 메탄-공기 8.3 [$Vol\%$], 프로판-공기 5.25[$Vol\%$], 에틸렌-공기 7.8[$Vol\%$], 수소-공기 21[$Vol\%$]로서 기존의 실험결과와 유사한 결과를 나타내었다. 또한 최소점화한계농도에서 전압과 최소점화잔류와의 관계를 구한 결과 최소점화한계는 메탄, 프로판, 에틸렌, 수소가스의 순서로 낮아졌고 점화전류의 크기는 전원전압의 크기와 반비례하고, 전극의 과열현상으로 인하여 전압 약 20(V)이하에서는 최소점화전류가 2(A)를 넘으면서 심화한계곡선이 급격히 상승한다는 것 등을 알 수 있었다.

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錦江 鹽河口에서의 潮流와 浮游堆積物 이동 (Tidal Current and Suspended Sediment Transport in the Keum Estuary,West Coast of Korea)

  • 오임상;나태경
    • 한국해양학회지
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    • 제30권3호
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    • pp.147-162
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    • 1995
  • 큰 潮差 지역인 금강 鹽河口의 潮流과 江水流入에 의한 순환과 이에 따른 부유물질의 이동을 알아보기 위해 1990년부터 1992년까지 세 정점에서 潮流 및 浮游퇴적물질 농도를 관측하였다. 이 염하구의 가장 외해쪽 관측점에서는 漲潮流 와 落潮流의 수직 구조는 거의 대칭형을 나타내고 있다. 또, 남측 수로에서는 漲 潮流가 全水層을 통해서 우세하나 북측 수로에서는 상층과 저층에서는 落潮流가 우세하고 중층에서는 漲潮流가 우세하였다. 남측 수로에서의 최대유속은 漲潮流 시에 중층에서 174 cm/s이었으며, 북측 수로의 최대 유속도 漲潮流시 중층에서 148 cm/s로 기록되었다. 반면에 표층과 저층에서는 최대유속 110.6 cm/s의 강한 유속이 落潮時에, 92.1 cm/s이 漲潮시에 각각 기록되었다. Hansen and Rattray 의 scheme에 의하면 금강 鹽河口는 Type 3로 분류될 수 있다. 즉 이 鹽河口의 수층은 漲潮流에 의해서 成層化하고 高潮後의 落潮流는 수층간의 밀도차를 줄여 서 亂流化한다. 이곳의 저층 흐름은 일반적으로 난류성이다. 한 조석 週期당 부유 물질의 이동량은 潮差와 하천유량에 달려있다고 생각된다. 관측기간중 최대의 부 유물질 이동은 하천유량이 최소였던 1991년 5월중 남측 수로에서의 측정치에서 초당 20.61톤으로 나타났으며, 최소 이동은 최소 潮差 기간인 1992년 7월에 북측 수로에서 초당 0.65톤으로 나타났다. 본 연구해역의 강한 해저전단속도는 창조류 기간 동안에 해저퇴적물을 침식시키며, 상대적으로 긴 落潮 기간은 이들 부유퇴적 물을 외해쪽으로 운반시키고 있다. 정상적인 강수 유입 조건하에서는 대부분의 부유물질이 남측 수로를 통해서 운반되나 강수의 유입이 많아지는 경우에는 오히 려 북측 수로를 통한 부유물질의 이동이 더 크다.

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새만금 연안역에서 HF radar에 의해 관측된 조하주기 표층해류의 변화 (Variations in subtidal surface currents observed with HF radar in the costal waters off the Saemangeum areas)

  • 김창수;이상호;손영태;권효근;이광희;최병주
    • 한국해양학회지:바다
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.56-66
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    • 2008
  • 서해 중부에 위치한 새만금 연안역에서 HF radar를 이용하여 2002년 7월과 2004년 9월부터 11월 초까지 표층해류를 관측하였다. 관측 자료로부터 조하주기대(subtidal) 표층해류가 해안선 변화, 바람과 담수 방류량의 변화에 대하여 시 공간적으로 어떻게 변동하는지 조사하였다. 2002년 7월 관측 기간 동안 바람이 약 0.5 m/s로 불었으며, 일 평균 금강 담수 방류량이 $0.88{\times}10^7$ 톤이었다. 시간평균된 표층해류($\overline{U}$)는 금강하구입구에서 $7{\sim}10\;cm/s$의 크기로 북서쪽으로, 방조제 개방구간에서 13 cm/s 이상의 크기를 갖고 서쪽으로, 고군산군도 북측에서는 북서방향의 분포를 보였다. 이는 금강 담수와 새만금 방조제 개방구간에서 유출된 조석 잔차류에 의해 형성된 흐름이다. 또한 를 제거한 표층해류의 공간평균치(<$U-\overline{U}$>)의 방향변화가 바람방향변화와 상대적으로 높은 상관관계(r=0.98)를 보였다. 2004년 9월부터 11월에는 북북서풍이 2.5 m/s로 불었으며, 일평균 담수 방류량이 $11.9{\times}10^7$ 톤이었다. 표층해류($\overline{U}$)는 대부분의 연안에서 크기가 작았고, 새만금 방조제와 고군산군도가 이루는 해안선을 따라서 약 10 cm/s의 상대적으로 빠른 해류가 남서방향으로 흘렀다. 이는 강한 북서풍이 금강 담수를 새만금 방조제 쪽으로 이동시켜 형성된 흐름이다. 2004년도에는 방조제 개방구간에서 유출되는 조석 잔차류가 없어졌으며, 공간평균()된 표층해류의 방향변화가 바람방향변화와 0.69의 상관관계를 보였다.

방폭구조 ESD Detector 개발 및 본질안전 특성 분석에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Development of Explosion Proof ESD Detector and Intrinsic Safety Characteristics Analysis)

  • 변정환;최상원
    • 한국안전학회지
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    • 제35권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 2020
  • Article 325 (Prevention of Fire Explosion due to Electrostatic) of the Rule for Occupational Safety and Health Standard specifies that in order to prevent the risk of disasters caused by static electricity, fire, explosion and static electricity in the production process, However, in order to do this, it is absolutely necessary to use a pre-detection technology and a detector for antistatic discharge prediction, which is a precautionary measure by static electricity in a fire / explosion hazard place, but in Korea, And there is no technical standard for the application of the technology of the explosion proof structure of the related equipment. Research methods include domestic and overseas electrostatic discharge detection technology and literature investigation of related equipment explosion proofing technology, domestic and foreign electrostatic discharge detection device production and use situation investigation, advanced foreign technology data analysis and benchmarking. In particular, we sought to verify the results of empirical experiments using electrostatic discharge detection technology through sample purchase and analysis of related major products, development of optimization technology through prototype production, evaluation, and supplementation, and expert knowledge through expert consultation. The results of this study were developed and fabricated two prototypes of electrostatic discharge detector based on the technology / standard related to electrostatic discharge detection technology in Korea and abroad through development of electrostatic discharge detection technology and development and production of detector. In addition, based on the development of electrostatic discharge detection technology, we developed an intrinsic safety explosion proof ib class explosion proof technology applicable to the process of using and handling flammable gas and flammable liquid vapor and combustible dust. In the case of the over voltage and minimum voltage are supplied to the explosion-proof structure ESD detector, check the state of the circuit and the transient and transient currents generated by the coil and capacitor elements during the input and standby of the signal pulse voltage. Explosion-proof equipment-Part 11: Intrinsically safe explosion proof structure The comparative evaluation with the reference curve in Annex A of "i" confirms that the characteristics of the intrinsically safe explosion protection structure are met.

Design of 250-Mb/s Low-Power Fiber Optic Transmitter and Receiver ICs for POF Applications

  • Park, Kang-Yeob;Oh, Won-Seok;Choi, Jong-Chan;Choi, Woo-Young
    • JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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    • 제11권3호
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    • pp.221-228
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    • 2011
  • This paper describes 250-Mb/s fiber optic transmitter and receiver ICs for plastic optical fiber applications using a$ 0.18-{\mu}m$ CMOS technology. Simple signal and light detection schemes are introduced for power reduction in sleep mode. The transmitter converts non-return-to-zero digital data into 650-nm visible-red light signal and the receiver recovers the digital data from the incident light signal through up to 50-m plastic optical fiber. The transmitter and receiver ICs occupy only 0.62 $mm^2$ of area including electrostatic discharge protection diodes and bonding pads. The transmitter IC consumes 23 mA with 20 mA of LED driving currents, and the receiver IC consumes 16 mA with 4 mA of output driving currents at 250 Mb/s of data rate from a 3.3-V supply in active mode. In sleep mode, the transmitter and receiver ICs consume only 25 ${\mu}A$ and 40 ${\mu}A$, respectively.