• 자원환경지질
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.177-187
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• 1999

Gravity, magnetic and VLF surveys were conducted to investigat the structural stability and hazards associated with the Ubong landfill in Pohang City, which has been built to dump industrial wastes. In 1994, the collapse of a bank happened in the 6th landfill site due to sudden heavy rain, and a large quantity of waste materials flowed out to the nearby landfill sites, factories and roads. We used $10{\times}10m$ resolution DEM data for gravity reductions. The maximum variation of the terrain effect in the survey area is about 0.5 mgal and the terrain effect is large in the vicinity of bank boundary. The Bouguer gravity anomaly map shows the effect due to the variatino of thickness and type of waste materials. The small negative gravity anomaly increases from the 9th site to the 6th site. The small negative gravity anomaly of the 9th site reflects the relatively shallow dumping depth of average 14.5 m in this site and increased density of waste materials by the repeated stabilization process of soil overlaying. The 6th site is located at the center of the former valley and rainfall and groundwater are expected to flow from south-east to north-west. Therefore, considering the previous accident of mixing waste and bank materials at the north-west boundary of the landfill, there may be some environmental problems of leakage of contaminated water and bank stability. The complex inversion technique using Simulated annealing and Marquardt-Levenberg methods was applied to calculate three-dimensional density distribution from gravity data. In the case of 6th site, it is apparent that the landfill had been dumped in four sectors. However, most part of the 9th site and showed that high magnetic industrial wastes were concentrated in the 6th site. The result of magnetic survey showing low magnetic anomalies along the boundaries of two sites is similar to that of gravity data. The VLF data also reveals four divided sectors in the 6th site, and overall anomaly trend indicates the directio of former valley.

• Carbon letters
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.38-40
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• 2010

Carbon supported electrocatalysts are commonly used as electrode materials for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells(PEMFCs). These kinds of electrocatalysts provide large surface area and sufficient electrical conductivity. The support of typical PEM fuel cell catalysts has been a traditional conductive type of carbon black. However, even though the carbon particles conduct electrons, there is still significant portion of Pt that is isolated from the external circuit and the PEM, resulting in a low Pt utilization. Herein, new types of carbon materials to effectively utilize the Pt catalyst are being evaluated. Carbon nanofiber/activated carbon fiber (CNF/ACF) composite with multifunctional surfaces were prepared through catalytic growth of CNFs on ACFs. Nickel nitrate was used as a precursor of the catalyst to synthesize carbon nanofibers(CNFs). CNFs were synthesized by pyrolysising $CH_4$ using catalysts dispersed in acetone and ACF(activated carbon fiber). The as-prepared samples were characterized with transmission electron microscopy(TEM), scanning electron microscopy(SEM). In TEM image, carbon nanofibers were synthesized on the ACF to form a three-dimensional network. Pt/CNF/ACF was employed as a catalyst for PEMFC. As the ratio of prepared catalyst to commercial catalyst was changed from 0 to 50%, the performance of the mixture of 30 wt% of Pt/CNF/ACF and 70wt% of Pt/C commercial catalyst showed better perfromance than that of 100% commercial catalyst. The unique structure of CNF can supply the significant site for the stabilization of Pt particles. CNF/ACF is expected to be promising support to improve the performance in PEMFC.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.67-74
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• 2008

세계적으로 폐기물의 발생량이 급증하여 매립지의 숫자가 급증하고 있으나 사용이 완료된 매립지의 처리에 많은 어려움이 있다. 특히, 도시 폐기물 매립지는 인구밀집 지역과의 근접성, 부지개발에 따른 경제적 가치의 급등 등의 이유로 활용 가능한 새로운 건설부지로서 많은 관심이 집중되고 있다. 그러나, 폐기물 매립지반 위에 구조물을 축조할 경우, 특별한 안정처리 및 보강처리를 하지 않게 되면 지반침하, 구조물에 대한 지지력 확보 등에 문제점이 발생될 수 있다. 따라서, 본 연구에서는 수치해석시 무보강, 토목섬유 보강후 상부에 화강풍화토로 복토하여 토목섬유 보강지반의 지지력 특성을 평가하였다. 즉, 탄성모델을 기초로 2차원 해석시 하중재하에 따른 지표면의 무보강 및 보강의 경우, 각각의 수직변위 및 수평변위를 분석하여 토목섬유의 보강효과를 규명하였다.

• 디자인학연구
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.63-76
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• 2004

정보디자인 원리는 1970년대의 출판디자인을 포함한 그래픽디자인 분야에서 비롯되었으나, 리처드 솔 워먼(Richard Saul Wurman)이 인터넷 환경에서 정보디자인과 그것의 실질적인 적용에 관한 문제를 탐구하면서부터 현재와 같이 정보디자인이 멀티미디어디자인 영역에서 매우 중요한 위치를 차지하기에 이르렀다. 그러나 아직까지도 멀티미디어디자인상에서 정보디자인 개념의 정체성 확보를 위한 이렇다할만한 연구가 부족한 실정이며, 경우에 따라선 과거 그래픽디자인 분야에서 정의되었던 ‘정보의 재현 및 시각화’라는 측면으로 대단히 협의적 관점에서 정보디자인을 조망하는 경향이 나타나고 있다. 이와 같은 맥락에서 본 연구는 과거의 전통적 정보디자인과 대비되는 상대적 관점으로 현재의 멀티미디어디자인에서 정보디자인 특성을 고찰하였다. 연구결과로서 멀티미디어디자인에서 정보디자인 특성은 '컨텍스트 제공과 정보 위계 발견', '통합적 사고에 의한 접근과 정보 통제권 공유', '다차원 매체 활용과 컨텐트 중심', '정보 질 보장과 통합적 정보 의미 해석', '쌍방향 정보 표출과 사용자 지식 확장'의 크게 5가지 측면으로 제시하였다. 본 연구를 토대로 향후에는 인터페이스디자인, 상호작용디자인, 경험디자인과 같은 정보디자인 인접분야와의 상호 의존적 또는 배타적 특성에 대한 담론이 제시될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제57권3호
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• pp.280-287
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• 2019

구강이라는 특수한 환경 속에서 치아는 평생을 거쳐 마모, 부식 등을 겪게 된다. 점진적이며 일정한 치아의 마모는 노화의 자연스러운 현상이나, 특정 요소에 의한 마모나 부식 등은 병적인 요소이며 교합면의 병리적 손상과 이에 따른 교합 부조화, 심미적 문제, 턱관절 장애 등을 야기할 수 있다. 본 증례는 26세의 젊은 여성 환자로 전반적인 치아의 마모와 부식이 동반된 상태였다. 디지털 안모 분석, 생리적 안정위, 전치부 치관 길이 평가 등을 통해 진단 납형을 제작하였다. 디지털 분석을 통해 치관연장술에 필요한 가이드를 제작하여 수술을 진행하였고 임시 보철물을 통하여 저작 기능 및 심미성을 회복하였다. 지르코니아 최종 보철로 수복하여 심미적, 기능적으로 만족할만한 결과를 얻었으므로 이 증례를 보고하고자 한다.

• PNF and Movement
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.243-248
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• 2014

Purpose: The transverse abdominis and themultifidus muscle are located in the core. They surround one's trunk and help in body stabilization. Specifically, they control spine articulation to maintain posture and balance. Therefore, weakened deep muscle in the trunk may cause spinal malalignment. This study aims to compare the correlation between the thickness of the transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle and the spine alignment among college students in their 20s. Methods: This study measured the thickness of the transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle of 42 healthy college students in their 20s using ultrasonic waves. The thickness of the muscle was measured for the length of the cross-section except for fascia. The thickness of the left and right muscles was measured, and the mean value was calculated. As the thickness of the transverse abdominis can increase because of pressure during exhalation, it was measured at the last moment of exhalation. Spinal alignment was measured by the kyphosis angle, lordosis angle, pelvic tilt, trunk inclination, lateral deviation, trunk imbalance, and surface rotation using Formetric III, which is a three-dimensional imaging equipment. They were measured for three times, and the mean values were calculated. The general characteristics of the subjects were analyzed using descriptive statistics. The correlations between each factor were analyzed using Pearson's correlation analysis. Results: The transverse abdominis showed asignificant correlation with trunk inclination (p<.05). The multifidus muscle showed a significant positive correlation with pelvic tilt and a negative correlation with surface rotation (p<.05). Conclusion: The thickness of transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle appears to influence spinal alignment. Specifically, the multifidus muscle, which plays an important role on the sagittal plane, influences surface rotation, thus making it an important muscle for scoliosis patients. Therefore, a strengthening training program for the transverse abdominis and the multifidus muscle is necessary according to specific purposes among adults with spinal malalignment.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.79-88
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• 2024

Background: The abdominal drawing-in maneuver (ADIM), a method of lumbar stabilization training, is an effective neuromuscular intervention for lumbar instability associated with low back pain (LBP). Objects: The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of a 2-week period of the ADIM and tensor fasciae latae-iliotibial band (TFL-ITB) self-stretching on lumbopelvic rotation angle, lumbopelvic rotation movement onset, TFL-ITB length, and pain intensity during active prone hip lateral rotation. Methods: Twenty-two subjects with lumbar extension rotation syndrome accompanying shortened TFL-ITB (16 males and 6 females) were recruited for this study. The subjects were instructed how to perform ADIM training or ADIM training plus TFL-ITB self-stretching program at home for a 2-week period. A 3-dimensional ultrasonic motion analysis system was used to measure the lumbopelvic rotation angle and lumbopelvic rotation movement onset. An independent t-test was used to determine between-group differences for each outcome measure (lumbopelvic rotation angle, lumbopelvic rotation movement onset, TFL-ITB length, and pain intensity). Results: The results showed that ADIM training plus TFL-ITB self-stretching decreased the lumbopelvic rotation angle, delayed the lumbopelvic rotation movement onset, and elongated the TFL-ITB significantly more than did ADIM training alone. Pain intensity was lower in the ADIM training plus TFL-ITB self-stretching group than the ADIM training alone group; however, the difference was not significant. Conclusion: ADIM training plus TFL-ITB self-stretching performed for a 2-week period at home may be an effective treatment for modifying lumbopelvic motion and reducing LBP.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제36권2호
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• pp.203-244
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• 1998

The human mandible is always under the condition of loading by the various forces extorted by the attached muscles. The loading is an important condition of the stomatognathic system. This condition is composed of the direction and amount of forces of the masticatory muscles, which are controlled by the neuromuscular system, and always influenced by the movement of both opening and closing. Mandible is a strong foundation for the teeth or various prostheses, nevetheless it is a elastic body which accompanies deformation by the external forces on it. The elastic properties of the mandible is influenced by the various procedures such as conventional restorative treatments, osseointegrated implant treatments, reconstructive surgical procedures and so forth. Among the treatments the osseointegrated implant has no periodontal ligaments, which exist around the natural teeth to allow physiologic mobility in the alveolar socket. And so around the osseointegrated implant, there is almost no damping effect during the transmission of occlusal stress and displacements. If the osseointegrated implants are connected by the superstructure for the stabilization and effective distribution of occlusal stresses, the elastic properties of mandible is restricted according to the extent of 'splinting' by the superstructure and implants. To investigate the change of elastic behaviour of the mandible which has osseointegrated implant prosthesis of various numbers of implant installment and span of superstructre, a three dimensional finite element model was developed and analyzed with conditions mentioned above. The conclusions are as follows : 1. The displacements are primarily developed at the area of muscle attachment and distributed all around the mandible according to the various properties of bone. 2. The segmentation in the superstructure has few influence on the distribution of stress and displacement. 3. In the load case of ICP, the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the anterior portion of the ramus($9.22E+6N/m^2$) and at the lingual portion of the symphysis menti($8.36E+6N/m^2$). 4. In the load case of INC, the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the anterior portion of the ramus($9.90E+6N/m^2$) and the concentration of tensional stress was observed at the lingual portion of the symphysis menti($2.38E+6N/m^2$)). 5. In the load case of UTCP, the relatively high concentration of tensional stress($3.66E+7N/m^2$) was observed at the internal surface of the condylar neck.

• 한국정보통신학회논문지
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• 제19권11호
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• pp.2689-2696
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• 2015

방사선 진단에 사용되는 방사성동위원소 중 사이클로트론을 이용해 생산되는 방사성동위원소는 사이클로트론에서 인출된 양성자 빔이 타겟에 조사될 때 빔의 크기와 모양, 조사되는 위치에서 빔 균일 정도에 따라 생산 수율에 영향을 받는다. 이에 본 논문에서는 사이클로트론 빔 라인에서 빔의 단면을 측정할 수 있는 BPM(Beam Profile Monitor)장치를 개발하였다. LabView로 BPM장치를 원격 제어할 수 있도록 구성하였으며 BPM 프로그램을 이용하여 X축과 Y축으로 텅스텐 와이어를 스캔하면서 얻은 빔의 수치 정보를 2차원 그래프와 3차원 빔 분포 그래프로 표시하여 해석을 쉽게 모니터링 할 수 있도록 하였다. 빔을 측정하는 데 걸리는 시간은 스텝 모터 구동 속도가 2000pps일 때 37초가 걸린다는 것을 확인 할 수 있었다. 측정된 빔 분포정보를 기반으로 빔 재조정을 통해 빔 분포를 최적화함으로써 방사성동위원소 생산 수율을 극대화 시킬 수 있고 공급 안정화에도 기여하리라 본다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제42권
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• pp.32.1-32.4
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• 2020

Background: Le Fort I osteotomy is a highly effective treatment for skeletal jaw deformities and is commonly performed. High Le Fort I osteotomy is a modified surgical procedure performed for improving the depression of the cheeks by setting the osteotomy higher than the conventional Le Fort I osteotomy. Developments in three-dimensional (3D) technology have popularized the use of 3D printers in various institutions, especially in orthognathic surgeries. In this study, we report a safe and inexpensive method of performing a high Le Fort I osteotomy using a novel 3D device and piezosurgery, which prevent tooth root injury without disturbing the operation field for patients with a short midface and long tooth roots. Results: A 17-year-old woman presented with facial asymmetry, mandibular protrusion, a short midface, and long tooth roots. We planned high Le Fort I osteotomy and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy. Prevention of damage to the roots of the teeth and the infraorbital nerve and accurate determination of the posterior osteotomy line were crucial for clinical success. Le Fort I osteotomy using 3D devices has been reported previously but were particularly large in size for this case. Additionally, setting the fixing screw of the device was difficult, because of the risk of damage to the roots of the teeth. Therefore, a different surgical technique, other than the conventional Le Fort I osteotomy and 3D device, was required. The left and right parts of the 3D device were fabricated separately, to prevent any interference in the surgical field. Further, the 3D device was designed to accurately cover the bone surface from the piriform aperture to the infra-zygomatic crest with two fixation points (the anterior nasal spine and the piriform aperture), which ensured stabilization of the 3D device. The device is thin and does not interfere with the surgical field. Safe and accurate surgical performance is possible using this device and piezosurgery. The roots of the teeth and the infraorbital nerve were unharmed during the surgery. Conclusions: This device is considerably smaller than conventional devices and is a simple, low-cost, and efficient method for performing accurate high Le Fort I osteotomy.