• Elastomers and Composites
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.13-17
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• 2015

A study of the effects of MWCNT as a nucleating agent on the formation reactions of the rigid polyurethane foams (RPUFs) was carried out. Sample PUFs, formulated with grease-type master batch of MWCNT/surfactant, were fabricated by free-rising method. Temperature changes with time during foaming process were measured using a digital thermometer. RPUF foaming process was observed to undergo 2-step processes with temperature inflection around 60 sec after the start of reaction, and then reached slowly the max. temperature. While the max. temperature of neat PUF was measured as ca. $120^{\circ}C$, that of the samples with MWCNT were as higher value as ca. $130^{\circ}C$, and, even the time to reach that temperature was reduced by about 15 sec. Average cell size of PUF samples decreased from 185.1 for the neat PUF to $162.9{\mu}m$ for the sample of 0.01 phr of MWCNT. As the result, it was considered that MWCNT in RPUF foaming process could play a roll both as a nucleating agent and as a catalyst.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.121-127
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to determine whether vasodilation occurs when interferential current is applied to the cervical sympathetic chain and peripheral sympathetic nerves. A digital thermometer was used to record skin temperature change. The protocols used for interferential stimulation were 90-100 Hz, applied for 20 minutes via two pairs of electrodes 1) to the throat and 2) to the forearm. Forty subjects were stimulated at each of the two sites. There was no significant correlation between inital skin temperature, sex or age and temperature change. Even though there was a statistically significant temperature increase with cervical sympathetic chain stimulation, this had no clinical vasodilatory effect. More research on interferential current stimulation is needed so that the potential benefits to normal subjects and patients is better understood.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.40 no.11
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• pp.83-94
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• 2003

In this paper. a highly linear and low glitch CMOS current mode digital-to-analog converter (DAC) by self calibration bias circuit is proposed. The architecture of the DAC is based on a current steering 6＋4 segmented type and new switching scheme for the current cell matrix, which reduced non-linearity error and graded error. In order to achieve a high performance DAC . novel current cell with a low spurious deglitching circuit and a new inverse thermometer decoder are proposed. The prototype DAC was implemented in a 0.35${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ n-well CMOS technology. Experimental result show that SFDR is 60 ㏈ when sampling frequency is 32MHz and DAC output frequency is 7.92MHz. The DAC dissipates 46 mW at a 3.3 Volt single power supply and occupies a chip area of 1350${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ ${\times}$750${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.597-605
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• 2000

There has been several usual ways to cure pain in osteological muscle: use oral medicine or injection, or apply medicine to a sore place. The purpose of this study was to examine, by using thermometer and digital infrared thermographic imaging, how much the permeation of aceclofenac, an anodyne and antiphlogistic, into sore skin brought a change to skin temperature after that was' applied to it. The findings of this study were as below; 1. A cream made of aceclofenac yielded $0.61^{\circ}C$ difference in temperature, but the difference wasn't statistically significant. 2. An aceclofenac to which oleic acid was added went through microemulsion and applied, and there was $0.3^{\circ}C$ change in temperature, the biggest significant difference(P<.05), after approximately 15 minutes passed. 3. An aceclofenac to which labrasol was added went through microemulsion and applied, and there was a growing rise in temperature with the lapse of time. After 30 minutes passed, the final temperature showed $1.25^{\circ}C$ rise, which was a significant change(P<.05). 4. As the temperature was measured by digital infrared thermographic imaging, there was about $3.97^{\circ}C$ fall, the biggest change, which was significant(P<.05). The findings of this study suggested that the application of aceclofenac to sore skin caused a change in skin temperature, as that permeated into it.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.38 no.5
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• pp.698-708
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• 2017

Objectives: The aim of this study was to report the clinical effects of a combination of Gamiguibi-tang and sweet bee venom on a patient with Raynaud's disease. Methods: The patient with Raynaud's disease was treated with Gamiguibi-tang three times a day for 43 days and with sweet bee venom daily. The effects on Raynaud's disease were measured on both hands using a cold stress test and an infrared thermometer and by digital infrared thermographic imaging and a NRS (Numeric Rating Scale). We conducted the cold stress test at 6-8 day intervals from 2016.04.27 to 2016.06.08. Results: After treatment, the symptoms of pain were decreased in both hands and digital infrared thermographic imaging (DITI) confirmed a rise in the temperature of the fingers. The fingertip temperature increased from 29.6 to 30.4 degrees and the cooling/rewarming ratio (CRR) increased steadily. No adverse events were found at discharge. Conclusions: Gamiguibi-tang combined sweet bee venom may improve symptoms in patients with Raynaud's disease.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.223-232
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• 2019

With the development of the information communication industry, the size of the communication device has been reduced to a system that generates a large amount of heat. Therefore, since the amount of heat generated by the wireless equipment is large in the wireless base station, the energy consumption is continuously consumed and the failure of the wireless base station may occur. Therefore, in this study, The study was analyzed. As a research method, we performed base station with a lot of calorific value and electric charge. We selected 25 base stations and obtained data for two weeks. To ensure reliability, the room temperature was kept constant at $27^{\circ}C$, and the control system was installed and equiped for two weeks to obtain the date analysis. In order to calculate the test results in the study method, the instrument was used with a computer, a digital thermometer, and dust measurement. For the date analysis, we conducted a research study on 25 wireless basestations before and after the installation of Control Sysetm.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2002.05a
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• pp.723-726
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• 2002

In the recent years, as the research and the development of micro and precision machinery become active, the interest of micro actuators using SMA(Shape Memory Alloy) has been increased. The dynamic characteristic analysis of SMA is necessary for actuator application and many common researches report the material characteristics of SMA sufficiently. However, the research of dynamic characteristics is very deficient. In this paper, the helical spring is fabricated with NiTi SMA wire of high resistivity The farce, response speed, temperature, and displacement are measured by digital force gauge, infrared thermometer, and laser displacement sensor so that the dynamic characteristics of this SMA actuator is analyzed.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1577-1580
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• 2003

In the recent years, as the research and the development of micro and precision machinery become active, the interest of micro actuators using SMA(Shape Memory Alloy) has been increased. The dynamic characteristic analysis of SMA is necessary for actuator application and many common researches report the material characteristics of SMA sufficiently. However, the research on dynamic characteristics is very deficient. In this paper, the helical spring are fabricated with NiTi SMA wire of high resistivity. The force, response speed, temperature, and displacement are measured by digital force gauge, infrared thermometer, and laser displacement sensor so that the dynamic characteristics of this SMA is analyzed. Also, bidirectional actuator was fabricated and experimented for its performance.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.45 no.12
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• pp.22-28
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• 2008

This paper designed a efficient 8-bit CMOS analog-to-digital converter(ADC) for an SOC(System On Chip) application. The architecture consists of two modified 4-bit full-flash ADCs, it has been designed using a more efficient architecture. This is to predict roughly the range in which input signal residers and can be placed in the proximity of input signal based on initial prediction. The prediction of input signal is made available by introducing a voltage estimator. For 4-bit resolution, the modified full-flash ADC need only 6 comparators. So a 8-bit ADC require only 12 comparators and 32 resistors. The speed of this ADC is almost similar to conventional full-flash ADC, but the die area consumption is much less due to reduce numbers of comparators and registors. This architecture uses even fewer comparator than half-flash ADC. The circuits which are implemented in this paper is simulated with LT SPICE tool of computer.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.585-591
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• 2014

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to investigate of the color change, tooth surface and intra-pulpal temperature of tooth bleaching by light activation Methods : Forty-eight extracted bovine teeth were immersed into a tea solution for 24 hours. The specimens were randomly divided into four groups(n=15):(G1) 15% HP + without light activation, (G2) 15% HP + light activation, (G3) 25% HP + without light activation, (G4) 25% HP + light activation. All specimens were bleached for 15 minutes three times. The spectrophotometer (CM-2600d, Konica Minolta, Osaka, Japan) was used including before bleaching, immediately after bleaching, 1 week, 1 and 3 months after the end of bleaching. The temperature rise were measured in the pulpal chamber and tooth surface with a digital thermocouple thermometer(Termopar Digital Multimeter, Tektronix DMM916, USA). Between the tested time points, the specimens were stored in distilled water. The data were analyzed by ANOVA, t-test and Tukey's post hoc test set at 0.05. Results : There was no significant color change by the use of light after the bleaching treatment(p>0.05). The dental bleaching treatments of teeth with 15% HP and 25% HP did not seem to be more effective when light source was used. There was no difference in color stability between groups within three month(p>0.05). There was an increase in tooth surface and pulp temperature, but it was not sufficient to cause damage to the pulp. Conclusions :The use of light activation has no obvious effective impact on the tooth bleaching effect.