• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.27 no.4A
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• pp.324-329
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• 2002

In the high-speed/low-power digital filter applications like wireless communication systems, canonical signed digit(CSD) linear phase finite impulse response(FIR) filter structures are widely investigated. In this paper, we propose a high-speed/low-power CSD linear phase FIR filter structure using vertical common sub-expression. In the conventional linear phase CSD filter, horizontal common sub-expressions are utilized due to the inherent horizontal common sub-expression of symmetrical filter coefficients. We use the fact that their MSBs are also equal since adjacent filter coefficients have similar values in the linear phase filter Through the examples, it is shown that our proposed structure is more efficient in case that precision of implementation is lower, and tap length are longer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 2001

The abnormal female fowl (Arbor Acres broiler) of 40-day-old, which was polymelia with polydactyly was observed macroscopically and radiographically. An extra pelvic limb was attached at the left pelvic region. The extra pelvic limb consisted of an underdeveloped and malformed Os coxae like bone, femur like bone, tibia and fibula like bones, tarsal and metatarsal like bones, and five digits. The tarsal bones of two normal pelvic limbs and one extra pelvic limb were not fused with tibia and metatarsal bones respectively. The metatarsus of extra pelvic limb consisted of a single bone derived from several components. In a case of normal, first metatarsal bone remains independent. However in this case. all of metatarsal bones were fused. The extra pelvic limb was polydactyly. The digits consisted of the first and extra digit of three. the second and third of four. and the fourth of five phalanges. In each toe the last phalanx was pointed and formed the claw. The first and the second digits were polyphalangia [hyperphalangia]. The extra digit was microdactylia and brachydactyly.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.23-29
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• 2002

In this paper we proposed the user identification system using hybrid biometric information and non-contact IC card to improve the accuracy of the system. The hybrid biometric information consists of the face image, the iris image, and the 4-digit voice password of user. And the non-contact IC card provides the base information of user If the distance between the sample hybrid biometric Information corresponding to the base information of user and the measured biometric information is less than the given threshold value, the identification is accepted. Otherwise it is rejected. Through the result of experimentation, this paper shows that the proposed method has better identification rate than the conventional identification method.

• Journal of KIISE:Software and Applications
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.93-93
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• 1999

Researches on digit recognition have been conducted actively for a long time because the classes to recognize are much fewer than other character sets and because it is very likely thatthe digit recognition can be applied to many problems in real world, The recent studies on designingrecognition system with high performance are in progress with two different aspects. One is toconstruct a recognizer using several features at the same time, and the other is to use severalrecognizers. In this paper, we propose a multistage combination method to recognize the unconstrainedhandwritten numerals. The method is a two-stage combination method which uses multiplecombination methods at the same time unlike the existing methods with only one combination method.The recognizers are first combined by several combination methods of different classes simultaneously,and then the results of them are combined by another combination method to generate a final result.Five recognizers and eight combination methods are used in the proposed system. The experimentalresults showed that the recognition rates on CENPARMI and CEDAR data were 97.75% and 98.6%,respectively and the recognition performance could be improved as the process passed through stages,We could get the best performance by combining the combination methods of different classes, whichmeans there are a complementary relation among them, The proposed method can be considered asan extended version of the existing combination methods.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.95-102
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• 2015

Generally, there is no sorting algorithm much faster than O(nlogn). The quicksort has a best performance O(nlogn) in best and average-case, and $O(n^2)$ in worst-case. This paper suggests virtual radix counting bucket sort such that counting the frequency of numbers in each radix digit, and moves the arbitrary number to proper virtual bucket in the array, and divides the array into radix digit numbers virtually. Also, this algorithm moves the data to proper location within an array for using the minimum auxiliary memory. This algorithm performs k-times such that the number of k digits in given data and the time complexity is O(n). Therefore, this algorithm has a O(kn) time complexity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.201-210
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• 2002

This paper describes a 3.3 (V) low power 4 digit CMOS quaternary to analog converter (QAC) designed with a neuron MOS($\upsilon$MOS) down literal circuit block and cascode current mirror source block. The neuron MOS down literal architecture allows the designed QAC to accept not only 4 level voltage inputs, but also a high speed sampling rate quaternary voltage source LSB. Fast settling time and low power consumption of the QAC are achieved by utilizing the proposed architecture. The simulation results of the designed 4 digit QAC show a sampling rate of 6(MHz) and a power dissipation of 24.5 (mW) with a single power supply of 3.3 (V) for a CMOS 0.35${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ n-well technology.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.29 no.10C
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• pp.1451-1459
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• 2004

In this paper, a low-power 32-point IMDCT structure is proposed for MP3. Through re-odering of IMDCT matrices, we propose the systolic structure operating with 16, 8, 4, 2, and 1 cycle, respectively. To reduce power consumption, multiplication of each sub blocks are implemented by add and shift operation with CSD(Canrmic sigled digit) form coefficients. To reduce, furthermore, the number of adders, we utilize the common sub-expression sharing techniques. With these techniques, the relative power consumption of the proposed structure is reduced by 58.4% comparison to the conventional structure using only 2's complement form coefficient. Validity of the proposed structure is proved through Verilog-HDL coding.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.25-32
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of computerized neurocognitive function program on cognitive function about memory and attention with stroke. Methods: 24subjects with stroke were recruited. Twelve of subjects received conventional therapy including physical therapy, occupational therapy and language therapy. Another subjects received additional computer assisted cognitive training using Computer-aided Cognitive rehabilitation training system(COMCOG, MaxMedica Inc., 2004). All patients were assessed their cognitive function of memory and attention using Computerized Neurocognitive Function Test(CNT, MaxMedica Inc., 2004) before treatment and 6 weeks after treatment. Results: Before the treatment, two groups showed no difference in cognitive function(p>0.05). After 6 weeks, two groups showed significantly difference in digit span (forward, backward), verbal learning(A5, $A1{\sim}A5$), auditory CPT(n), visual CPT(n)(p<0.05). After treatment, the experimental group showed a significant improvement of digit span(forward, backward), verbal learning(A5, $A1{\sim}A5$), visual span (forward, backward), auditory CPT(n, sec), visual CPT(n, sec), and trail-making (A, B)(p<0.05). Conclusion: Computerized neurocognitive function program would be improved cognitive function of memory and attention in patients with stoke.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• v.26 no.2 s.42
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• pp.210-221
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• 1993

In order to evaluate the confounding factors of neurobehavioral tests and the neurobehavioral effects in the workers exposed to organic solvents, NCTB was carried out on 100 workers. 46 workers had never been exposed to neurotoxic substances, and the others were being exposed to the solvents, mainly toluene. Simple reaction time, digit symbol, Santa Ana dexterity test and persuit aiming were different with age in non exposure group. Simple reaction time was carried out well in males, and digit symbol and persuit aiming were in females. There was no difference at educational level when the subject was educated over 12 years. Santa Ana dexterity and Benton visual test differed according to exposure level to toluene, however simple reaction time didn't. The acute neurotoxic effect was not excluded in this study. But, NCTB could be used to evaluate and prevent neurobehavioral changes in workers exposed to neurotoxic solvents in Korea.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.20-27
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• 1999

This study presents an Automated Warehouse Management System (AWMS) using a bar-code system The AWMS has been designed to be associated with an Integrated Production Management System (IPMS), which basically includes the following four modules i.e the sales management, production management, material management, and data management. Now, whenever storage or retrieval of the material occurs in the warehouse, the events could be processed quickly and accurately only through reading the 13 digit bar-code including 5 digit position code and simply typing in the number of material. Consequently, the AWMS associated with IPMS could automatically coincide the item counts on document with those in the warehouse. Also, this makes it possible to identify the material quantities in real time.