• Geomechanics and Engineering
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.283-303
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• 2015

To research and analyze the differential settlements of foundations specifically, site investigations of existing railways and metro were firstly carried out. Then, the centrifugal test was used to observe differential settlements in different position between foundations on the basis of investigation. The theoretical model was established according to the stress diffusion method and Fourier method to establish an analytical solution of embankment differential settlement between different foundations. Finally, theoretical values and experimental values were analyzed comparatively. The research results show that both in horizontal and vertical directions, evident differential settlement exists in a limited area on both sides of the vertical interface between different foundations. The foundation with larger elastic modulus can transfer more additional stress and cause relatively less settlement. Differential settlement value decreases as the distance to vertical interface decreases. In the vertical direction of foundation, mass differential settlement also exists on both sides of the vertical interface and foundation with larger elastic modulus can transfer more additional stress. With the increase of relative modulus of different foundations, foundation with lower elastic modulus has larger settlement. Meanwhile, differential settlement is more obvious. The main error sources in theoretical and experimental values include: (a) different load form; (b) foundation characteristics differences; (c) modulus conversion; (d) effect of soil internal friction.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2008년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.905-917
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• 2008

Road or Railway construction over soft ground is needed to be considered on secondary consolidation which will be caused differential settlement, lack of transport serviceability, higher maintenance cost. Especially for the railway construction in the second phase of Gyung-Bu or Ho-Nam high speed railway, concrete slab track has been adapted as a safe and cost effective geotechnical solution. In this case controlling the total settlement under the tolerance is essential. And pile supported geogrid reinforced construction method is suggested as a solution for the problem of the traditional method on soft soil treatments. Pile supported geogrid reinforced construction method consists of piles that are designed to transfer the load of the embankment through the compressible soil layer to a firm foundation. The load from the embankment must be effectively transferred to the piles to prevent punching of the piles through the embankment fill creating differential settlement at the surface of the embankment. The arrangement of the piles can create soil arching to carry the load of embankment to the piles. In order to minimize the number of piles geogrid reinforced pile supported construction method is being used on a regular basis. This method consists of one or more layers of geogrid reinforcement placed between the top of the piles and the bottom of the embankment. This paper presents several methods of pile supported geogrid reinforced construction and calculation results from the several methods and comparison of them.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2008년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1268-1277
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• 2008

Recently, the high speed railway comes into the spotlight as the important and convenient traffic infrastructure. In Korea, Kyung-Bu high speed train service began in about 400km section at 2004, and the Ho-Nam high speed railway will be constructed by 2017. The high speed train will run with a design maximum speed of 300-350km/hr. Since the trains are operated at high speed, the differential settlement of subgrade under the rail is able to cause a fatal disaster. Therefore, the differential settlement of the embankment must be controlled with the greatest care. Furthermore, the characteristics and causes of settlements which occurred under construction and post-construction should be investigated. A considerable number of studies have been conducted on the settlement of the natural ground over the past several decades. But little attention has been given to the compression settlement of the embankment. The long-term settlement of compacted fills embankments is greatly influenced by the post-construction wetting. This is called 'hydro collapse' or 'wetting collapse'. This wetting collapse problem for the compressibility of compacted sands, gravels and rockfills, has been recognized by several researchers. For this wetting settlement problem, we showed the test results carried out with 4 fill materials. These tests were performed under the condition that the fill materials were inundated at the first wetting. Subsequently, in this study, we investigated the long-term settlement characteristics of the fill materials under the repeated partial wetting and rising of the ground water table happend by rainfall.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제8권5호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2007

현재 실무에서 사용되고 있는 샌드매트의 설계법에서는 주로 수평배수층의 배수거리, 침하속도, 투수성 등을 설계 인자로 사용하고 있으며, 현장 시공 시에는 성토체 하부에 동일한 두께로 시공하고 있다. 그러나 하부 연약지반의 변형에 따라 성토 중앙부와 양단에서 부등침하가 발생하게 되어 샌드매트 두께산정에 있어 과소평가될 가능성과 배수지연을 유발할 우려가 있음이 지적되어왔다. 본 연구에서는 연약지반의 변형으로 인해 생기는 부등침하의 발생이 배수지연 및 샌드매트의 두께산정에 어떠한 영향을 미칠 수 있는지 여부를 수치해석을 통해 분석하였다. 해석 결과 부등침하로 인하여 실질 유로두께의 감소를 확인할 수 있었으며, 새로운 위치수두의 차가 발생하여 배수지연 현상을 유발할 가능성이 있음이 확인되었다. 이에 대한 대응책으로 본 연구에서는 사전에 부등침하를 예측하여 성토 중앙부의 샌드매트 두께를 증가시킨 마운드형 샌드매트의 적용성에 대하여 검토하였으며, 압밀의 진행에 따라 변형이 크게 발생하여도 소정의 실질 유로두께를 유지하고 있음을 확인하였다. 특히, 마운드형 샌드매트는 연약지반 성토와 같이 변형의 분포가 위치에 따라 다른 경우의 건설공사에 매우 유효하리라 판단하며, 경제적이고 합리적인 수평배수재로서 적용이 가능할 것으로 판단되었다. 또한, 마운드형 샌드매트의 설계를 위해서는 성토단계별로 압밀속도, 배수거리나 투수성뿐만 아니라 연약지반의 침하특성을 정확하게 예측하는 것이 필수적이라고 사료된다.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2000년도 토목섬유 특별세미나
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• pp.61-69
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• 2000

It is not easy to find a good soil condition due to the shortage of suitable land for construction work. The earth structure and buildings can be constructed over the soft soil. The soft soil must be treated either using the reinforcement element or dewatering. Most of land reclamation projects are being implemented along the south coast or west coast of the Korean Peninsula. The soils in these areas are covered with the soft marine clay, so soil and site improvement is the most important things to do. Pile foundation at the bottom of embankment can be constructed either in the soft ground or in the soil contaminated area. The purpose of this research is to develop "geogrid-reinforced piled embankment method" to prevent the differential settlement and increase the bearing capacity of soil. In this study, the effectiveness of the geogrid-reinforcement was studied by varying the space between piles and reinforcement conditions. Also, the geotechnical engineering properties of the embankment material and foundation soil were determined through the laboratory tests as well as the field tests. As a result, the site that the pile-spacing S = 3b with geogrid reinforcement is the most effective to reduce the differential settlement and increase load bearing capacity.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2009년도 세계 도시지반공학 심포지엄
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• pp.967-975
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• 2009

In order to control differential settlement and to secure the safety of super structure on a high rock embankment the designed static compaction is changed with dynamic compaction and piled raft method. The parameters for dynamic compaction design are obtained from a pilot test. In addition, numerical analyses are also carried out to figure out the length and quantity of piled raft that can restraint the differential settlement within allowance range.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2007년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1287-1296
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• 2007

Recently, the high speed railway comes into the spotlight as the important and convenient traffic infrastructure. In Korea, Kyung-Bu high speed train service began in about 400km section at 2004, and the Ho-Nam high speed railway will be constructed by 2017. The high speed train will run with a design maximum speed of 300-350km/hr. Since the trains are operated at high speed, the differential settlement of subgrade under the rail is able to cause a fatal disaster. Therefore, the differential settlement of the embankment must be controlled with the greatest care. Furthermore, the characteristics and causes of settlements which occurred under construction and post-construction should be investigated. A considerable number of studies have been conducted on the settlement of the natural ground over the past several decades. But little attention has been given to the compression settlement of the embankment. The long-term settlement of compacted fills embankments is greatly influenced by the post-construction wetting. This is called 'hydro collapse' or 'wetting collapse'. In spite of little study for this wetting collapse problem, it has been recognized that the compressibility of compacted sands, gravels and rockfills exhibit low compressibility at low pressures, but there can be significant compression at high pressures due to grain crushing by several researchers(Marachi et al. 1969, Nobari and Duncan 1972, Noorany et al. 1994, Houston et al. 1993, Wu 2004). The characteristics of compression of fill materials depend on a number of factors such as soil/rock type, as-compacted moisture, density, stress level and wetting condition. Because of the complexity of these factors, it is not easy to predict quantitatively the amount of compression without extensive tests. Therefore, in this research I carried out the wetting collapse tests, with focusing in various soil/rock type, stress levels, wetting condition more closely.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.11-18
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 지오그리드로 보강된 성토지지말뚝의 보강 및 아칭효과를 분석하기위하여 실대형 현장모형시험과 2차원 평면변형 수치해석을 수행하였다. 연약지반 상 지오그리드로 보강된 성토지지말뚝의 현장모형시험은 $3{\times}3$ 콘크리트말뚝을 말뚝간격변화에 따라 연약지반에 타입하고 지오그리드를 포설한 후, 침하량, 수직하중, 지오그리드의 스트레인을 계측하였다. 또한 2차원 수치해석은 범용 유한차분해석 프로그램인 FLAC 2D를 이용하여 현장모형시험에 대한 비교해석을 실시하였다. 각각의 현장모형시험 및 수치해석결과, 말뚝 보강에 의한 지반의 아칭효과는 말뚝캡 중앙부에서 가장 크게 발생하였으며, 말뚝-지반-지오그리드의 강성차이로 인하여 지오그리드에 인장력이 유발되고 지오그리드 인장력발생에 의한 하중전이로 전체 지오그리드 및 성토지지말뚝 보강지반의 부등침하가 급격히 감소하였다. 또한, 말뚝간격에 따른 보강효과는 말뚝간격 $D/b{\geq}6.0$일 경우 보강효과가 거의 없는 것으로 도출되었다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.87-96
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• 2023

상부에 준설매립점토층이 존재하고 점토층이 두껍게 분포되어 있는 부산항 신항만에서 측정된 지표침하 값과 층별침하 값은 많은 차이가 있다. 이런 결과의 원인과 해결방안을 찾기 위하여 연약지반 개량에 사용된 층별침하계의 실태, 층별침하계 형식별 특성, 설치방법, 계측 빈도, 계측데이터 관리방안, 결과의 정리 및 분석 등에 대해 고찰해 보았다. 대변형이 발생하는 대심도 연약지반 개량공사에서 스크류타입의 층별침하계의 경우 휨 변형이 다른 형식의 계측기에 비해 적어 망실의 우려도 적고 각 지층별로 천공하여 계측기를 설치하므로 데이터의 신뢰도도 상대적으로 높다. 정도 높은 침하계측 자료의 양이 많을수록 침하분석 정밀도는 높아지므로 표준시방서에서 제시한 계측빈도보다 기준을 강화하여 관리가 필요하다. 층별침하계 계측데이터의 관리는 측점별 지표침하량, 층별침하량, 간극수압계 침하량과 같이 해당 구간의 침하량과 성토고의 경시 그래프 작성하여 관리하는 것이 바람직하다. 침하분석은 압축특성이 다른 다층지반일 경우 층별침하 데이터를 이용하여 각 지층별 압밀특성을 각각 산정하여 침하분석이 이루어지는 게 더 타당하다.

• 한국지반환경공학회 논문집
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2014

부등침하로 인한 각변위는 구조물의 안정성과 사용성에 영향을 미치는 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 실무에서는 현재 Bjerrum이 제안한 각변위기준이 널리 사용되고 있다. 하지만 현재 도로 성토 현장에서 적용하고 있는 계측시스템은 구조물의 각변위를 적합하게 나타내지 못하고 있다. 이와 같은 문제는 충분하지 못한 계측 수, 부정확한 계측기 설치, 계측된 자료의 해석에 있어 각변위 기본개념의 잘못된 이해 등과 관련이 된다. 본 연구에서 도로 성토 현장에서 얻어진 데이터의 분석을 통해 이와 같은 문제점을 규명하였다. 도로 성토 현장에서 적용할 수 있는 자동화된 상대변위 계측시스템이라는 개선된 계측시스템을 제안하였다.