• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
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• 제20권1_2호
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• pp.535-540
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• 2006

In this paper, characterizations of difference quotient transformation in the Krein space which is contained continuously and contractively in the krein space of square summable power series C (z) is obtained from the complementation theory.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.109-117
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• 2013

The removal characteristics of composite odor and malodorous substances using 33 biofilters in sewage treatment facilities were investigated. The geometry mean values of composite odor and odor quotient were reduced by 52.7% and 59.2% at the outlet of the biofilters, respectively. The removal efficiencies of the biofiltes for the composite odor and odor quotient show a significant difference statistically(p=0.000<0.05). The median value of odor quotient of sulfur compounds was reduced by 69.1% at the outlet of the biofilter and the odor quotient of the sulfur compound at the inlet and outlet of the biofilter shows a significant difference statistically(p=0.000<0.05); on the other hand, those of the $NH_3$ and trimethylamine, aldehydes, VOCs and alcohols, organic acids do not.

• 한국식생활문화학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.474-485
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• 2019

This study aim to evaluate dietary quality and nutritional status according to the consumption of health functional food using Nutrition Quotient for Korean elderly (NQ-E) for 288 elderly people attending senior welfare centers in Gyeonggi-do. The questionnaire consisted of items about general information, health functional food, and Nutrition Quotient for Korean elderly (NQ-E). Chi-squared test, Fisher's exact tests, and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were performed using the SAS program ver. 9.4. Among the male and female subjects, the female subjects consumed more health functional food. The results of the dietary quality and nutritional status difference according to the intake of health functional food showed significant differences only in the areas of variety and abstinence among nutrition quotient factors for men, while no significant differences were observed in any of the nutrition quotient factors for women. In conclusion, focused-nutrition education program and useful guideline is needed for promoting adequate consumption of health functional foods in elderly.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.133-142
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• 2020

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the differences in social quotient and sensory processing function between completed-toileting and incomplete-toileting children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We aims to provide a basis for the training of children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods : The subjects of this research were children with ASD, aged from 4 to 7, receiving sensory integration therapy at the H-Child Development Research Center in Busan, South Korea. After recruiting 30 parents who had children with ASD, we interviewed them and we divided their children into completed-toileting group and incomplete-toileting group based on the past researches. We assessed them using the Social Maturity Scale and Sensory Profile. Spearman correlation was used to analyze between the sensory processing score and social quotient. Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the Sensory Profile scores of the two groups. Results : The social quotient was correlated with the sensory processing score in the most of component as for auditory processing, vestibular processing, touch processing, multisensory processing, orosensory processing, except for visual processing. The groups of completed-toileting and incomplete-toileting group showed statistically significant intergroup difference in sensory seeking, emotional reactive, oral-sensory sensitivity, and inattention/distractibility in the sensory factor region. No statistically significant difference from intergroup was observed in any modulation areas, nor in behavioral & emotional response domains. Conclusion : A significant intergroup difference was observed in the most of sensory processing areas, except for modulation areas and behavioral & emotional response domains. The result revealed that toileting is significantly correlated with sensory processing. Therefore, this study suggests that the sensory processing function should be considered in the toilet training of children with ASD.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.22-39
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to investigate the nutritional status and dietary behavior of Korean and Chinese elementary school children using Nutritional Quotient (NQ). Methods: The survey was conducted by distributing questionnaires to the parents of the child, after selecting four elementary schools located in Pusan city of Korea and three elementary schools located in Luoyang city, Henan Province of China, from Grade 1 to Grade 6 in each school. Results: The NQ scores of Korean children and Chinese children were 64.99 and 66.57, respectively, which did not show a statistically significant difference. Korean children significantly showed higher diversity score (p<0.001) than Chinese, but Chinese children significantly showed higher moderation (p < 0.001), regularity (p < 0.001) and practice score (p < 0.01) than Korean. NQ grades showed a statistically significant difference. According to food security of the household, NQ scores of the Chinese children of secure household were significantly higher than those of food insecurity household (p < 0.01). In particular, it showed a significant difference in the practice (p < 0.001), moderation (p < 0.05) and regularity score (p < 0.05). Korean children's NQ score showed a significant correlation with the score of following the Dietary Guidelines of parents, but Chinese did not show such a correlation. Conclusions: There were differences in children's dietary behaviors and parents' impact to children's dietary attitude between Korean and Chinese. NQ developed for Korean could be successfully applied to Chinese.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.2561-2566
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• 2011

본 연구는 뉴로피드백 훈련이 청소년기 초 중 고의 학교급별 연령에 따라 그 효과가 어떻게 나타나는지를 검증할 목적으로 이루어졌다. 경기도에 거주하는 청소년 90명 가운데 실험군 45명, 비교군 45명을 대상으로 실험하였다. 기간은 2009년 11월부터 2010년 3월까지, 20~25회기의 뉴로피드백 훈련을 주2~3회, 매회 20~50분씩 받도록 하였다. 훈련 전후의 데이터는 SPSS 12.0으로 통계처리 하였고, 연구목적에 맞게 t-test로 연령에 따라 실험군과 비교군의 집단 간 효과 차이를 검증하였다. 연구결과, 뉴로피드백 훈련의 효과가 연령에 따라 뇌발달 특성을 반영하고 있었음을 확인하였으며 뇌기능의 향상은 중학교급에서 가장 효과가 높았다. 청소년기의 학습에 영향을 주는 주의지수, 활성지수, 항스레스지수에서 유의미한 효과를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.561-566
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• 2013

본 논문은 Torus-Based-Cryptosystem 중 $T_2(p)$ 에서 부채널공격을 방지하는 효율적인 지수 연산방법을 제안한다. 제안한 지수 연산방법은 일반적인 지수 연산보다 더 효율적일 뿐만 아니라 제곱과 곱셈 연산의 계산량 차이를 없게하여 SPA 공격에 안전하다. 또한 상군(quotient group)의 특성을 이용하여 지수 연산시 메시지를 난수화하여 제1차 DPA 공격도 방어할 수 있다.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.695-701
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• 2008

이 연구의 목적은 BCI(Brain-Computer Interface)을 이용하여 바둑 전문인의 뇌 기능 특성을 분석하는 데 있다. 바둑 전문인의 뇌 기능 특성을 알아보기 위하여 연구생(초등학생) 15명, 한국기원 원생 16명, 프로기사 26명의 뇌파를 측정하여 표준화된 일반인 695명(초등학생 423, 중고등학생 161, 성인 111명) 과 비교한 결과 자기조절 지수 p=.002, 주의 지수(좌) p=.002, 정서 지수 p=.027, 항스트레스지수(좌) p=.002, 브레인 지수 p=.006 에서 바둑 전문인 집단이 일반인 집단보다 뇌 기능의 평균이 높게 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 이 결과는 두뇌를 많이 사용하는 바둑인 집단의 뇌 기능이 일반인 집단의 뇌 기능 과 적지 않은 차이가 있을 보여주고 있다. 바둑 전문인 집단간의 뇌 기능 차이를 비교하여 직업적인 특성이 뇌 기능에 미치는 영향의 차이점도 분석해 보았다. 분석의 결과 활성 지수에서만 유의미하였으며 집단간에는 차이가 없는 것으로 본다.

• 음성과학
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.147-157
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• 2008

Habitual speaking fundamental frequency (sF0) plays an important role in determining the voice classification, which can be presented differently depending on the vocal fold length and language habits. The purpose of this study, therefore, was to compare the differences in sF0 for voice classification and closed quotient between speaking and singing. Seventeen singers (7 sopranos, 5 tenors, 5 baritones, mean age 25.1 years) with no evidence of vocal folds pathology were participated. sF0 and closed quotient (CQ) both in speaking and in singing (A3-A5 with soprano, A2-A4 with tenor and baritone) were measured using SPEAD program and electroglottography. No significant differences were observed for sF0 between tenor and baritone groups (p> 0.05). However, CQ in singing was significantly different among three groups (p< 0.05), but CQ in speaking was not (p> 0.05). Furthermore, CQ was significantly different with both soprano (p< 0.01) and tenor groups ((P= 0.02) whereas baritone group revealed there is no difference when compared between speaking and singing. No significant differences in sF0 between tenor and baritone participants may result from decision-making for voice classification by experience and should measure sF0 before determining the voice classification.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.237-242
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• 2010

본 연구는 기능성 게임 콘텐츠의 교육효과를 위해 음향청취방법을 달리하여, 인간의 뇌파 지수로 분석한 유사 실험을 한 연구이다. 실험결과 무음으로 처리한 대조군에 비해 스피커 방식의 청취방법이 높은 뇌 활성화 반응도를 보였으며, 다음으로 헤드폰 방식 이였다. 본 연구에서는 기능성 게임 콘텐츠의 음향청취방법에 따라 인지반응에 미치는 정도를 뇌파 지수 분석을 통하여 정량적으로 분석한 것에 큰 의미가 있다.