• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.46 no.2
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• pp.123-129
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• 2003

This study is to investigate consequent nutrient intake status, Influences of body mass index (BMI) and serum lipid composition, and fat distribution on the cocoon hydrolysate, green tea leaves and dietary fiber supplementation. During 2 months of this research (April to May, 2002), 47 women aged 20 yr-30 yr (average age 26.2 yr) were selected as subjects. Nutrient intake was investigated by questionnaire and 24-hr recall method. Antropometric assessments of the subjects were investigated by SBIA method (Segmental bioimpedance assay, Inbody 3.0). The results were as follows: mean body weight was 60.7 kg, mean body height 161.7 cm and mean BMI 23.4. Status of energy intakes significantly decreased (p<0.01) and dietary fiber intakes significantly increased (p<0.001) after supplementation. BMI and WHR (waist-hip ratio) significantly decreased (p<0.01) and body fat significantly decreased after supplementation (p<0.001). Total cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol significantly decreased after supplementation (p<0.05). HDL-cholesterol was negatively correlated with BMI and WHR (p<0.01). LDL/HDL ratio was positively correlated with BMI (p<0.01) and WHR (p<0.05). Above results of this study show that low-molecule peptide, green tea leaves and dietary fiber supplementation-added routine diet improves lessening body fat distribution, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol. Especially, decrease of abdominal fat and WHR were notable. That meant decrease of risk factors.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1438-1445
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• 2004

The objective of this study was to determine the effects of dietary Zn level on performance, serum Zn concentrations, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP), and immune response of pigs inoculated with Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSv) and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. A $2{\times}4$ factorial arrangement of treatments was used in a randomized design. Factors included; 1) PRRSv and M. hyopneumoniae inoculation (n=36 pigs) or sham inoculation (n=36 pigs) with media when pigs entered the grower facility (d 0) at 9 weeks of age and 2) 10, 50, 150 ppm supplemental Zn sulfate (${ZnSO}_4$) from weaning until the completion of the study, or 2,000 ppm supplemental ${ZnSO}_4$for two weeks in the nursery and then supplementation with 150 ppm ${ZnSO}_4$for the remainder of the trial. The basal diet contained 34 ppm Zn. Pigs were weighed on d 0, 10, 17, 24 and 31 and blood samples were collected on d 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28. Pigs inoculated with PRRSv were serologically positive at d 28 and control pigs remained negative to PRRSv. In contrast, the M hyopneumoniae inoculation was inconsistent with 33.3% and 52.8% of pigs serologically positive at d 28 in the control and infected groups, respectively. A febrile response was observed for approximately one week after inoculation with PRRSv. Feed intake (p<0.01) and gain (p<0.1) were less in PRRSv infected pigs than control pigs for the 31 d study. However, performance did not differ among pigs in the four levels of ${ZnSO}_4$. Assessments of immune responses failed to provide unequivocal influence of either PRRSv inoculation or ${ZnSO}_4$level. These data suggest that PRRSv and M. hyopneumoniae act to produce some performance deficits and the influence of Zn supplementation of nursery age pigs does not have clear effect in grower pigs affected with disease.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.336-341
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• 2014

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: It is expected that dairy products such as cheeses, which are the main source of cholesterol and saturated fat, may lead to the development or increase the risk of cardiovascular and metabolic diseases; however, the results of different studies are inconsistent. This study was conducted to assess the association between cheese consumption and cardiovascular risk factors in an Iranian adult population. SUBJECTS/METHODS: Information from the Isfahan Healthy Heart Program (IHHP) was used for this cross-sectional study with a total of 1,752 participants (782 men and 970 women). Weight, height, waist and hip circumference measurement, as well as fasting blood samples were gathered and biochemical assessments were done. To evaluate the dietary intakes of participants a validated food frequency questionnaire, consists of 49 items, was completed by expert technicians. Consumption of cheese was classified as less than 7 times per week and 7-14 times per week. RESULTS: Higher consumption of cheese was associated with higher C-Reactive Protein (CRP), apolipoprotein A and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) level but not with fasting blood sugar (FBS), total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG) and apolipoprotein B. Higher consumption of cheese was positively associated with consumption of liquid and solid oil, grain, pulses, fruit, vegetable, meat and dairy, and negatively associated with Global Dietary Index. After control for other potential confounders the association between cheese intake and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.81; 96%CI: 0.71-0.94), low HDL-C level (OR: 0.87; 96%CI: 0.79-0.96) and dyslipidemia (OR: 0.88; 96%CI: 0.79-0.98) became negatively significant. CONCLUSION: This study found an inverse association between the frequency of cheese intake and cardiovascular risk factors; however, further prospective studies are required to confirm the present results and to illustrate its mechanisms.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.38 no.9
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• pp.706-716
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• 2005

High blood pressure is an important determinant of the incidence of coronary heart disease, stroke, congestive heart failure, renal failure, and peripheral vascular disease. Recommendations for control of high blood pressure emphasize lifestyle modification, including weight control, reduced sodium intake, increased physical activity. Subjects who were normotensive (n=19, $47.2\pm9.0$ y, BP l16/81 mmHg) ,treatment hypertensive (n=33, $54.2\pm6.9$ y, BP 132/85 mmHg) and non-treatment hypertensive (n=14, $50.1\pm11.0$ y, 149/94 mmHg) recruited. Anthropometric assessment (height weight waist circumference, hip circumference, fat$\%$, fat mass, and lean body mass) and dietary assessments (using 3-days food records, daily nutrient intakes were inuysed by CAN PRO 2.0 were carried out. Blood and 24-hour urine were collected). Test of recognition for salt taste threshold were performed. In non-treatment hypertensive male subjects, weight, $\%$IBW, BMI, and waist circumference were significantly higher than those of normotensive and treatment hypertensive subjects (p<0.05) .Food habits were not significantly different among the three groups. Intakes of vitamin A, vitamin B,, and vitamin B, were significantly higher in normotensive group (p<0.05). Intakes of sodium and salt taste recognition threshold were the highest in normotensive group and the lowest in treatment hypertensive group (p<0.05). Blood levels of lipids and minerals were not significantly different among the three groups. Urinary calcium level of normotensive group were significantly higher than that of treatment hypertensive and non-treatment hypertensive groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that continuous management of hypertension by drug and non-drug treatment affects salt taste recognition threshold and reduced the consumption of sodium. However, dietary sodium intake exceed recommended sodium intake to prevent and treat hypertension. It is necessary to develop the lifestyle modification program that may have beneficial effects on hypertension treatment.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.213-219
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• 2021

Hazardous substances are formed during food manufacturing, processing, or cooking, and may pose a threat to food safety. Here, we present a dietary exposure assessment of Korean consumer's intake of hazardous materials through a Total Diet Study (TDS) which was conducted by the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety (MFDS). The levels of exposure to materials such as acrylamide, furan, biogenic amines, etc., were estimated and risk assessments were then performed. Acrylamide and furan were selected as hazards with high priority of reduction control due to their having a margin of exposure (MOE) lower than 10,000. Risk assessment of exposure to ethyl carbamate, benzene and 3-MCPD showed MOEs higher than 100,000, indicating "safe". Dietary exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and benzopyrene was also found to be safe MOE levels >10,000. In addition, the results indicated safe MOEs (>1,000,000) for heterocyclic amines, nitrosamines, and biogenic amines. Most of the potential food contaminants were being kept at safe levels, however, it is necessary to continue to monitor and control exposure levels in accordance with the 'as low as reasonably achievable' (ALARA) principle.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.258-267
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects that body composition, nutrient intake, and biochemical indices have on skin status, as well as their associations with skin health status, by assessing 44 female university students. The subjects were classified into 3 groups according to skin sensitivity: sensitive skin (n=11), slightly sensitive skin (n=24), and normal skin (n=9). The study included anthropometric measurements and body composition analyses, dietary intake evaluations, blood chemical analyses, and skin health status assessments. Based on % body fat, the results indicated the subjects were moderately obese (29.6%). Obesity indices were not different among the groups, but the sensitive skin group tended to have higher skinfold thickness. Dry skin was determined as the skin type of all subjects. In the sensitive skin groups, U-zone and T-zone sebum were significantly lower (p<0.05), and spots were significantly higher (p<0.05) than in the normal skin group. In terms of nutrient intakes, the sensitive skin groups consumed significantly lower amounts of P and vitamins A and E (p<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum lipid fractions or total antioxidant status among the groups. In correlation coefficients analysis, skin elasticity had significant negative correlations with subscapular and midaxillary skinfold thickness, body protein, and body minerals (p<0.05). Wrinkling had positive correlations with triceps and thigh skinfold thickness (p<0.05). Skin evenness had negative correlations with energy intake, vitamins A, $B_1,\;B_2$, C, E, niacin, and zinc (p<0.05), as well as folate and P (p<0.01) and vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.001). A similar correlation tendency was observed for spots and nutrient intake, showing negative correlations with vitamins A, $B_6$, and E, as well as folate, Fe, and P. U-zone sebum showed significant positive correlations with serum levels of total cholesterol and triglycerides. From these findings, skin health status appears to be affected by both nutrient intake and body composition. Therefore, having a proper balance between dietary intake and body composition may influence skin health status in females with sensitive skin.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.185-198
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to compare food habits and nutrient intakes with body mass index of hypertensive patients commuting to a Local Health Center. A total of 85 patients were divided into two groups according to BMI. The non-obese group comprised 43 subjects with BMI below 25㎏/$m^2$ , while the obese group comprised 42 subjects with BMI above 25㎏/$m^2$ . All Subjects were interviewed for general characteristics, food habits, clinical characteristics, effort for health maintenance and the knowledge of hypertension and nutrition. Anthropometric assessments such as weight, height, waist-hip ratio and biochemical measurement of blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose(FBG) were obtained from subjects. In general characteristics, smoking, drinking, exercise, and hypertension status were not significantly different between the two groups. Food habits and the means of daily energy and nutrients were not significantly different between the two groups. An analysis of the percentage of RDA(Recommended Dietary Allowances of Korea, 2000) consumed by patients showed that but for ascorbic acid and phosphorus, all nutrients were below the RDA. And intakes of vitamin $B_1$(P<0.001), vitamin $B_2$(P<0.01), niacin(P<0.001) of the obese group were significantly lower than that of the non-obese group. Blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, triglyceride, total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol and fasting blood glucose were in the normal range and there was not a significant difference in the two groups. Therefore, more effective nutrition education programs about exercise, smoking, caloric intake, vitamins and minerals are required for hypertensive patients commuting to Local Health Center.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.1244-1252
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the nutritional status of vitamin and minerals in the patients with alcoholic liver disease and to obtain the materials for nutritional education for alcoholics. The subjects consist of 80 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis(ALC) and 12 patients with alcoholic fatty liver(AFL). The control group included 57 alcoholics without liver disease(A), 32 patients with viral liver cirrhosis(VLC) and 194 normal men(NL). Biochemical evaluation of nutritional status was investigated by the analysis of blood samples. The frequency of vitamin B1 deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups as indicated by the erythrocyte transketolase activity coefficient were 46.0%, 66.7% and 57.9% respectively. The frequency of vitamin B2 deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups as indicated by the erythrocyte glutathione reductase activity coefficient were 9.8%, 8.3% and 38.6% respectively. Vitamin A deficiency was not detected in the alcoholic subjects. The frequency of vi tamin E deficiency in ALC, AFL and A were 96.3%, 66.7% and 86.0% respectively. The levels of plasma lipid peroxidation products were significantly higher in the alcoholic subjects than in the normal subjects. The frequency of subjects below normal range of hemoglobin were 85.0% in ALC, 50.0% in AFL and 31.6% in A. The frequency of copper deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups were 48.4%, 16.7% and 17.5% respectively. The frequency of zinc deficiency in the ALC, AFL and A groups were 83.8%, 41.7% and 66.7% respectively. Overall, the vitamin and minerals status of the alcoholic subjects in this study was evaluated to be very poor on the basis of biochemical assessments. The results suggest that alcohol abuse and poor dietary intake could cause malnutrition and may be important risk factors in causing alcoholic liver disease in alcoholics. In addition, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, Cu, Fe and antioxidant supplementation may be effective in nutritional therapy for chronic alcoholics.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.1025-1031
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• 2008

S-Adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) exerts several beneficial effects on depression, chronic diseases, and cognitive impairments. Bifidobactrium bifidum BGN4 reportedly produces higher amounts of SAM than any other lactic acid bacterium used in yogurt. The aim of this study was to develop a SAM-reinforced probiotic yogurt using Bifidobacterium. The sensory aspects of the yogurt via response surface methodology (RSM) and the texture and SAM content of the yogurt were assessed. Based on the sensory assessments for sweetness, sourness, and thickness evaluated by 48 panelists, the optimized conditions for preparation of SAM-reinforced yogurt were 4.0-4.4%(w/w) sugar, 3.2-3.5%(w/w) skim milk, and a pH of 4.7-4.8. The SAM content of the developed yogurt was 0.05 nmol/mL. In conclusion, SAM-reinforced probiotic yogurt may provide a vehicle for the potential exploitation of the benefits of increased dietary SAM.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.23 no.4 s.100
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• pp.492-501
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• 2007

This study was conducted to develop a topping formula for pizza containing Chungkukjang and onion as the main ingredients. The maximum amount of onion was limited to 10.5%, since the pizza crust and toppings would separate if too much water dispelled from the onion tissue during baking. The Chungkukjang was substituted for Bulgoggi, a meat topping. The sensory acceptability scores for the pizza topping decreased as the amount of Chungkukjang increased from 3.6% to 7.3%, due to its unpleasant odor, but scores increased when 1.6% Kimchi powder was added to the Chungkukjang without a significant difference from the control. Thus favorable sensory quality was obtained with a topping formula containing 8.7% Chungkukjang, 10.5% onion, and 1.6% Kimchi powder. The nutrient values of the final pizza products were assessed as follows. By adding the Chungkukjang and onion, crude protein, crude lipid, crude ash, and total dietary fiber contents increased. Moreover, the calorie level of the Chungkukjang-onion pizza was 3.8% higher than that of the control pizza. The amounts of compound amino acids including lysine increased. The free amino acids also increased from 143.3 to 188.6 mg/100 g. The ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated fatty acids changed from 1:0.71 to 1:0.81. For the consumer test, the age groups of the participants were classified as 15-29 years old, 30-39 years old, and 40-62 years old. A positive result on acceptability of the developed pizza was obtained from most of the panelists in all age groups. Over 93% of the 119 responding subjects had purchasing intentions. An, especially, strong purchaging intention was shown in the younger age group of 15-29 year-olds, even though they had a lower preference for the Chungkukjang. Finally, an attribute of satisfaction was induced based on 'health' (79.5%) and 'flavor' (15.7%).