• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
• /
• v.46 no.6
• /
• pp.793-803
• /
• 2016

Purpose: Developmental care has been recognized as a very important component for the development and health promotion of preterm infants. However, research on how to assess developmental nursing competency has not been studied as expected. This study was done to develop and evaluate a new scale to measure nursing competency for developmental support of preterm infants. Methods: Concept analysis was done with using the Hybrid model of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim (2000), from which a preliminary new scale (30 items) was developed. To test the validity and reliability of the new scale being developed, data were collected from 122 NICU nurses at 4 hospitals in 3 cities in the Republic of Korea, from December, 2014 to March, 2015. Results: The final version of the Developmental Support Competency Scale for Nurses (DSCS-N) caring for premature infants was a 4-point Likert type scale, consisting of 19 items, and categorized as 6 factors, explaining 62.5% of the total variance. Each of the factors were named as follows; 'environmental support' (4 items), 'parental support' (3 items), 'interaction' (3 items), 'critical thinking' (3 items), 'professional development' (3 items), and 'partnership' (3 items). The Cronbach's ${\alpha}$ coefficient for the scale was .83 and the reliability of the subscales ranged from .60~.76. Conclusion: The psychometric evaluation of the new scale demonstrated an acceptable validity and reliability. Findings indicate that the DSCS-N can be used as the tool to test the effect of educational programs for nurses and contribute to advance developmental care for preterm infants.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.85-93
• /
• 2022

The purpose of this study was to verify whether strengthening family competency plays a mediating role in the influence of parents' parenting efficacy on the independent life of children with developmental disabilities. The subjects of the study were 146 parents with developmental disabilities, and data analysis using the SPSS 22.0 program was conducted. The mediating effect was Baron and Kenny Hierarchical regression analysis and sobel-test were conducted. As a result of the study, the positive effect of parents' parenting efficacy on the level of self-reliance and strengthening family competency of children with developmental disabilities was verified. In addition, the positive mediating effect of strengthening family competency was verified between the parenting efficacy of parents and the level of independence of children with developmental disabilities. As a result of the study, it is important to support parents' parenting and family capacity enhancement to support the independence of children with developmental disabilities.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
• /
• v.44 no.5
• /
• pp.468-479
• /
• 2018

Objectives: Recently, a report was published that the humidifier disinfectant CMIT/MIT did not cause developmental toxicity and was not detected in systemic circulation as a result of an inhalation toxicity test. Therefore, this study was carried out to investigate any associations between CMIT/MIT exposure and developmental toxicity using the in vivo apical toxicity test method. Methods: Groups of pregnant ICR mice were instilled in the trachea with chloromethylisothiazolinone/methylisothiazolinone (CMIT/MIT) using a visual instillobot over a period of seven days from days 11 to 17 days post-coitum. For the in vivo apical toxicity test method, an $LD_{50}$-based dose-range finding model was applied to decide the dose range for inducing developmental toxicity. Results: Among the groups of 0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg ai/kg/day CMIT/MIT, the exposure groups of 0.5 mg and 1.0 ai/kg/day CMIT/MIT were estimated to reflect the thresholds for the stillbirth and death of pregnant mice, respectively. The groups of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 mg ai/kg/day CMIT/MIT induced stillbirth rates of 2.57, 10, and 53.8%, respectively. Another exposure group of 0.75 mg ai/kg/day CMIT/MIT did not induce any deaths of pregnant mice and resulted in a stillbirth rate of 8% in only one of six pregnant mice. Conclusions: CMIT/MIT can induce stillbirth in pregnant mice. It was also concluded that CMIT/MIT moves through the pulmonary circulation system and then continues on through systemic circulation and the placenta. There is a possibility of stillbirth and other health causalities in humans beyond the lungs caused by CMIT/MIT exposure.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.32-43
• /
• 2021

Objective : This study aimed to verify the construct validity of the Korean version of the Peabody Developmental Motor Scale-2 (K-PDMS-2) and its test-retest reliability for children with cerebral palsy (CP) and typical children. Method : To ascertain the construct validity, the K-PDMS-2 evaluation was conducted on 42 children with cerebral palsy and 42 typical children of similar age and gender. Construct validity was proved through comparison with standard scores. Ten of the children with CP were re-evaluated after two weeks to determine test-retest reliability. Results : There was a statistically significant difference in gross motor and fine motor development according to five subtests between the group of children with CP and the typical group (p = .000). For test-retest reliability, the correlation coefficient of the total frequency score was .989, representing very high temporal stability. Conclusion : This study confirmed that K-PDMS-2 is an evaluation tool of high reliability and validity, and a potentially useful future measure for domestic clinical sites and research.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.44-52
• /
• 2008

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compared the growth and development of premature and full-term infants during the 2 years after birth. Method: The participants were 102 infants, 51 each for premature infants, and for healthy full-term infants. Participants in the premature group accounted for 17.5% of all premature infants who were registered at the public health center in G city. Developmental status was evaluated using the Korean Denver II. Results: The catch-up growth of the premature was 100% in weight and in height. Suspicious developmental delay according to the Korean Denver II was 3.9% in normal infants and 31.2% in premature infants. Factors related to the suspicious developmental delay in premature infants were their age and health state at birth. The rate of suspicious developmental delay was higher in infants over 6 months and infants unhealthy at birth. Conclusion: A premature follow-up program, which includes nutrition education to achieve catch-up growth and to prevention obesity, along with continuous developmental screening test for infants and children born prematurely is recommended. Provision for home visits and telephone counseling for premature infants and their families who do not to use the public health center should also be included.

• Physical Therapy Korea
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.31-38
• /
• 2005

The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of cognitive development and motor development in children with developmental delays. Subjects were 43 children with a mean corrected age of 19.19 month (SD=7.48). The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM) and the Bayley Scale of Infant Development-second edition (BSID-II) were administered to the total children. Statistical analysis was done by paired t-test and Pearson correlation, using SPSS software. The results were as follows: 1) Most of the children with developmental delays showed statistical delays on the mental scale rather than on the motor scale. 2) The correlation coefficients of cognitive performance and motor performance were ranged between r=.38 and r=.83 in children with developmental delays. 3) Lower motor performance showed significant association with lower cognitive score. The findings suggest that cognitive and motor performance in children with developmental delays was significantly correlated.

• Child Health Nursing Research
• /
• v.16 no.2
• /
• pp.164-174
• /
• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the physical growth and developmental status of infants and children of married immigrant women. Methods: The participants were 92 infants and children aged from birth to 6 yr whose mothers were married immigrant women living in one rural area. Physical growth and developmental status were evaluated by using anthropometric assessment, and Korean Denver II developmental screening test. Results: Of the participants, 10.8% were below the 3rd percentile for weight, 13.0% for length, 5.4% for head circumference, and from 69.6% to 79.3% were distributed below the 50th percentile on growth charts. Further, 18.5% were classified as having questionable development. Factors related to low physical growth in infants and children were mother's weight and mother's level in Korean language classes. Conclusion: The physical growth and developmental status of children is vulnerable and serious. The study results suggest a need for regular growth and developmental evaluations. Political support is important for these mothers. In addition, there also is a need to develop early intervention strategies to promote growth and development of the infants and children of these married immigrant women.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.29-37
• /
• 2012

This study examined risk and protective variables related with the continuity of developmental risks among 136 infants, aged 4-10 months. Using the Denver Developmental Screening Test, 136 infants among 2978 infants in the first wave of the Korea Child Panel were classified into the developmental risk group. Among the 136 risk group infants, 45 infants stayed in the risk group (continuing risk group) and the other 91 infants moved into the normal group (recovering risk group) after 1 year. Group differences were tested in the levels of infant, mother and father variables to examine which variables were associated with the continuity of developmental risks for a year. Variables indicating parents' marital relationships such as the mothers' marital satisfaction and conflict of the first wave and the fathers' marital satisfaction of the second wave significantly distinguished the continuing from the recovering risk group. In addition, there were significant group differences in the levels of mothers' self-efficacy in the first wave. The findings suggest that the exposure to marital conflict during infancy is associated with the continuity of developmental risks.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.25 no.5
• /
• pp.147-161
• /
• 2004

This study was designed to explore developmental evaluation in healthy full-term, at risk preterm and full-term infants. Specifically the purposes of the study were to investigate Psychomotor Developmental Index(PDI) and Mental Developmental Index(MDI) based on Bayley Scales of Infant Development(1993). The subjects were 72 infants, 24 each for healthy full-term infants, 24 each for at risk preterm infants and 24 each for at risk full-term infants such as having neonatal asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic brain damage, respiratory distress syndrome. The data were analyzed through Kruskal-Wallis test and correlations to examine healthy full-term, at risk pre-term and at risk full-term infants. Results showed that there were significant differences among healthy full-term, at risk pre-term and at risk full-term infants in PDI and MDI. On the correlation with PDI and MDI, infants showed significant correlations. Early interventions for developmental improvement are required for functional outcome in these infants.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.125-130
• /
• 2015

In this paper, a command and control (C2) system development using a network emulator is treated. Due to the development of information and communication technologies enabling reinforcement of information exchange and computational capability, an operational concept network centric warfare (NCW) was introduced. In here, it summarizes a developmental test environment build based on dummynet, one of the software based network emulator, and an operational concept of target command and control system. Moreover, I explain command and control system developmental test cases and results, and suggest an operational concept to overcome limitations of target communication system. I expect this concept will reduce data traffic of proposed C2 system especially plot messages which is distributed same data with short interval.