• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.407-414
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• 2011

The development of embryos reconstructed by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is dependent upon numerous factors. Central to development is the quality and developmental competence of the recipient cytoplast and the type of the donor nucleus. Typically metaphase of the second meiotic division (MII) has become the cytoplast of choice. Production of a cytoplast requires removal of the recipient genetic material, however, it may remove proteins which are essential for development or reduce the levels of cytoplasmic proteins to influence subsequent reprogramming of the donor nucleus. In this study, enucleation at MII did not affect the activities of either MPF or MAPK kinases. Immunocytochemical staining showed that both Cyclin B1 (MPF) and Erk1/2 (MAPK) were associated with the meiotic spindle of AI/TI oocytes with little staining in the cytoplasm, however, at MII association of both proteins with the spindle had reduced and a greater degree of cytoplasmic distribution was observed. The analysis of oocyte proteins removed during enucleation is a difficult approach to the identification of factors which may be depleted in the cytoplast. This is primarily due to the large numbers of aspirated karyoplasts which would be required for the analysis.

• Proceeding of Spring/Autumn Annual Conference of KHA
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.297-302
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• 2008

Urbanization has caused population influx into cities, creating housing problems, and housing developmental plans have often resulted in high-rise and high-density housing complexes. Such development have seldom incorporated the environmental factors associated with the complexes and the surroundings, just being busy in increasing the volume of the housing supplies, and as a result, various environmental problems, such as disruption of the air flow, reduction of sunlight exposure amount, and temperature rise, have occurred, deteriorating the living environments. Accordingly, the objectives of this paper are to find out the causes of the problems in the contemporary complex development plans from the urban environmental viewpoint through the investigative analysis of microclimate environment in those complexes, and, further, to present a residential complex planning technique and developmental direction so as to remedy the problems described above. Then a 3-D microclimate model 'Envi-Met' was employed to analyze and predict on the related issues, per the selected planning factors.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.71-92
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• 2016

In this study, authors investigated the attachment of toddlers to their mothers and teachers and overall development based on their gender differences. The subjects of the study are 80 toddlers who are 25~36 months, their mothers, and teachers. We analyzed our data using t-test and two way ANOVA, and the results are as follows. First, the groups categorized by the types of the attachment between the toddlers and the mothers and the gender difference demonstrated the developmental distinctions, respectively. The interactional effects of the two factors emerged in communication and basic living. Second, the groups categorized by the types of the attachment between the toddlers and the teachers and the gender difference demonstrated the developmental distinctions, respectively. The interactional effects of the two factors emerged in gross motor skills, fine motor skills, and cognition. Third, with respect to the types of multiple attachments to mothers and teachers, toddler development brought meaningful differences. We discussed the importances of the attachment of the toddlers and the role of teachers based on the results of our research and proposed future projects and suggestions.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.142-153
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• 2022

Purpose: Preventing missed care is important in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) due to neonates' vulnerabilities. This study examined missed care and its influencing factors among NICU nurses. Methods: Missed care among 120 Korean NICU nurses was measured using a cross-culturally adapted online questionnaire. The frequency of missed care for 32 nursing activities and the significance of 23 reasons for missed care were collected. Results: All participants had missed at least 1 activity, missing on average 19.35 activities during a typical work-day. The most common missed item was "provide developmental care for the baby". The most common reason for missed care was "emergency within the unit or deterioration of one of the assigned patients". The final regression model explained 9.6% of variance in missed care. The average daily number of assigned patients receiving inotropes or sedation over the last month influenced the total number of missed care items. Conclusion: Missed care was affected by nurses' workload related to the number of patients taking medication. Frequently missed activities, especially those related to developmental care, require patience and time, conflicting with safety prioritization and inadequate working conditions. NICU nurses' working conditions should be improved to ensure adequate time for nursing activities.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.421-433
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• 2023

This study was to examine the developmental dental abnormalities in childhood cancer survivors. Risk factors were assessed for 125 children with radiographic data through a retrospective analysis of medical records and panoramic images. 68.0% of childhood cancer survivors exhibited at least one dental abnormality. The types of abnormalities varied depending on the age at cancer diagnosis and treatment intensity, ranging from microdontia (43.2%), to abnormal root development (39.2%) and tooth agenesis (33.6%). Logistic regression analysis demonstrated that a young age at diagnosis (under 3 years), the use of heavy metal agents, a history of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and combination treatment of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and HSCT were associated with a significantly higher risk for overall dental abnormalities. The increased risk ratios were 6.00, 3.06, 3.22, and 7.87, respectively (p < 0.05). The results of this study will predict dental abnormality in permanent dentition according to the diagnosis age and treatment method of childhood cancer.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.63-68
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• 2017

Neonates have large inter-individual variability in pharmacokinetic parameters of many drugs due to developmental differences. The aim of this study was to investigate the factors affecting the pharmacokinetic parameters of drugs, which are commonly used in critically ill neonates. Factors that reflect physiologic maturation such as gestational age, postnatal age, postconceptional age, birth weight, and current body weight were correlated with pharmacokinetic parameters in neonates, especially preterm infants. Comorbidity characteristics affecting pharmacokinetics in critically ill neonates were perinatal asphyxia, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy, patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), and renal dysfunction. Administration of indomethacin or ibuprofen in neonates with PDA was associated with the reduced clearance of renally excreted drugs such as vancomycin and amikacin. Therapeutic hypothermia and extracoporeal membrane oxygenation were influencing factors on pharmacokinetic parameters in critically ill neonates. Dosing adjustment and careful monitoring according to the factors affecting pharmacokinetic variability is required for safe and effective pharmacotherapy in neonatal intensive care unit.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.33-40
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• 2017

X-chromosome inactivation is one of the most complex events observed in early embryo developments. The epigenetic changes occurred in female X-chromosome is essential to compensate dosages of X-linked genes between males and females. Because of the relevance of the epigenetic process to the normal embryo developments and stem cell studies, X-chromosome inactivation has been focused intensively for last 10 years. Initiation and regulation of the process is managed by diverse factors. Especially, proteins and non-coding RNAs encoded in X-chromosome inactivation center, and a couple of transcription factors have been reported to regulate the event. In this review, we introduce the reported factors, and how they regulate epigenetic inactivation of X-chromosomes.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.17-33
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• 2002

This study analyzed various factors of reading motivation and motivational differences between grades and gender. An urban sample of first-, third- and fifth- grade children completed the Motivation for Reading Questionnaire (MRQ; Wigfield & Guthrie, 1997). The MRQ assesses such possible factors of reading motivation as self-efficacy, intrinsic-extrinsic reading motives, and social aspects of reading. Factor analyses and cronbach's ${\alpha}$ demonstrated that 10 factors of children's reading motivation could be identified and measured reliably. Mean scores on most of the factors differed by grade and gender, with girls and lower grades reporting stronger motivation. This study found that children's reading motivation is various and decreases as children mature. Various efforts to encourage children's motivation for reading are suggested in this study.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.379-387
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• 2011

Copepod nauplii plays an important role as a linker between the microbial food web and classical food chain in marine ecosystem and is an essential food source for early stage of many larval fishes. Study on the influencing factors on the growth of copepod naupliar stages has been rarely carried out in despite of these ecological significances. Many studies have shown that food availability and temperature are major factors to influence copepod growth. However, due to the complicated environment parameters in coastal ecosystem, the relationships between growth of copepods and influencing factors are still unclear under the natural condition. Growth rates of the copepod $Acartia$ $hongi$ nauplii were measured in Kyeonggi Bay from February to December 2001. $Acartia$ $hongi$ is numerically abundant and widespread predominant species in the coastal regions of the Yellow Sea and occurs continuously throughout the year, with a maximum peak in late spring. The naupliar growth rates of $Acartia$ $hongi$ by the artificial cohort method varied from 0.03 to 0.18 $day^{-1}$, with a mean of 0.09 $day^{-1}$. The overall naupliar growth rates showed a significantly positive relationship with the variation in water temperature. However, Previous study reported that the growth rates of adult $Acartia$ $hongi$ were primarily influenced by the variation in chlorophyll-$a$. Therefore, these differences demonstrated that the influencing factors of growth did not correspond with the developmental stages. The results of this study suggest that the dissimilarity of growth between nauplius and adult female resulted from the size-dependant difference in food availability and the growth of older developmental stages containing adults are more food-dependent than juveniles.

• Archives of design research
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.83-92
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• 2002

In the 21st century, as localization is reinterpreted as an important part of globalism and as local culture is recognized as a device to increase the competitive power, every city is trying to develop its identity and improve its image while coping with change of the international and domestic environment. Therefore, basic research was preformed to establish the city image identity of Gwangju and as a result, an ideological slogan " City of Light and Life, Gwangju" and basic factors were developed. This study aims to analyze the condition of the city, focusing on design factors that the city image is comprised of, and establishes a long-term strategy for urban environment development by considering the developmental potential of the city. and focuses on case studies for establishment of an image suitable for Gwangju. Case studies focusing on the urban environmental development were presented and the results were applied to Gwangju. From the results, further studies can be pursued according to a long-term strategy. strategy.