• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.255-275
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to construct a rating scale of infant and toddler development for the use of teachers in their observations of children during daily activities. The scale consists of 201 items measuring motor, self-help, socio-communicative, socio-emotional, and cognitive development. Quality, reliability and validity were examined with the use of a nation-wide sample of 1,245 children from classes of 1- and 2-year-olds. Tests on validity and reliability were high in terms of content validity evaluated by early childhood professionals, concurrent validity with the Bayley Scale, internal consistency among raters, and test-retest reliability. Factor analysis showed that the developmental areas of infants and toddlers are not clearly differentiated but are interrelated with each other. The scale was standardized by providing nation-wide norms with raw scores, percentiles, and standardized scores.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.395-405
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to develop the instrument to measure family functioning for Korean family with a chronic ill child, and to test the validity and reliability of the instrument. Method: The items of instrument were consisted based on researchers' previous study of concept analysis of the Korean family functioning. Twenty six item scale was developed with six domains. In order to test reliability and validity of the scale, data were collected from the 231 families, who have a child with a chronic illness. Data was collected between August and September in 2001 in a General Hospital in Seoul, Korea. Result: The results were as follows: As a result of the item analysis, 24 items were selected from the total of 26 items, excluding items with low correlation with total scale. Six factors were evolved by factor analysis. Six factors explained 61.4% of the total variance. The first factor 'Affective bonding' explained 15.4%, 2nd factor 'External relationship' 11.8%, 3rd factor 'Family norm' 10.5%, 4th factor 'Role and responsibilities' 8.3%, 5th factor ' Communication' 7.9%, and the 6th factor 'Financial resource' explained 7.3%. Cronbach's $\alpha$ coefficient of this scale was .87 and Guttman spilt- half coefficient was .84. Conclusion: The study support the reliability and validity of the scale. There were distinct differences in dimensions of family functioning scales developed in the U. S.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.53 no.1
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• pp.12-27
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a scale to measure distress in patients with ischemic stroke and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: Preliminary items were developed from literature review and in-depth interviews. The final preliminary scale was confirmed through a content validity test of eight experts and a preliminary survey of 10 stroke patients. The participants for psychometric testing were 305 stroke patients in the outpatient clinic. Validity and reliability analyses included item analysis, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity, known-group validity, and internal consistency of the scale. Results: The final scale consisted of 17 items and 3 factors. The three distinct factors were 'self-deprecation, worry about future health, and withdrawal from society' and this structure was validated using a confirmatory factor analysis. Convergent validity was supported by comparison with the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (r = .54, p < .001) and Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (r = .67, p < .001). Known-groups validity was verified by dividing groups according to 'duration since diagnosis' (t = 2.65, p = .009), 'presence of sequela' (t = 10.16, p < .001), and 'awareness of distress' (t = 12.09, p < .001). The internal consistency of the scale using Cronbach's α for the total items was .93. Conclusion: The Ischemic Stroke Distress Scale is a valid and reliable tool that reflects stroke distress effectively. It is expected to be used as a basic tool to develop various intervention strategies to reduce distress in ischemic stroke patients.

• Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.40-56
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• 2019

This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the Thai Elderly Resilience Scale (TERS). Its conceptual structure consists of three identified domains, I AM, I HAVE, and I CAN, within the 18 components that were initially used for developing the item pool. The first draft of the scale consisted of 50 items. A psychometric evaluation of content validity reliability and construct validity was conducted. The results yielded the current version of the TERS based on Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) consisting of 24 items categorized into 5 factors: 1) being able to join other people, 2) being confident in life 3) have social support 4) living with spiritual security and 5) being able to de-stress and manage problems. The scale had a high internal consistency (${\alpha}=.94$). A strong positive correlation between resilience and mental health scores were found (r=.84, p<.01, n=30). The newly developed TERS would be a useful tool to assess resilience in Thai elderly and can be applied to develop further studies regarding elderly Thai people.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.146-153
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• 2020

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Korean Form of the Premonitory Urge for Tics Scale (K-PUTS). Methods: Thirty-eight patients with Tourette's disorder who visited Jeonbuk National University Hospital were assessed with the K-PUTS. Together with the PUTS, the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS), the Children's Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale (CY-BOCS), the attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rating scale (ARS), and the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) were implemented to evaluate concurrent and discriminant validity. Results: The internal consistency of items on the PUTS was high, with a Cronbach's α of 0.79. The test-retest reliability of the PUTS, which was administered at 2 weeks to 2 months intervals, showed high reliability with a Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.60. There was a significant positive correlation between the overall PUTS score and the YGTSS score, showing concurrent validity. There was no correlation between the PUTS, CY-BOCS, and ASRS scores, demonstrating the discriminant validity of the PUTS. Factor analysis for construct validity revealed three factors: "presumed functional relationship between the tic and the urge to tic," "the quality of the premonitory urge," and "just right phenomena." Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the K-PUTS is a reliable and valid scale for rating premonitory urge of tics.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.818-828
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• 2009

Purpose: This study was done to develop a cell phone addiction scale for Korean adolescents. Methods: The process included construction of a conceptual framework, generation of initial items, verification of content validity, selection of secondary items, preliminary study, and extraction of final items. The participants were 577 adolescents in two middle schools and three high schools. Item analysis, factor analysis, criterion related validity, and internal consistency were used to analyze the data. Results: Twenty items were selected for the final scale, and categorized into 3 factors explaining 55.45% of total variance. The factors were labeled as withdrawal/tolerance (7 items), life dysfunction (6 items), and compulsion/persistence (7 items). The scores for the scale were significantly correlated with self-control, impulsiveness, and cell phone use. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for the 20 items was .92. Scale scores identified students as cell phone addicted, heavy users, or average users. Conclusion: The above findings indicate that the cell phone addiction scale has good validity and reliability when used with Korean adolescents.

• Asian Oncology Nursing
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.59-67
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this study was the development and validation of knowledge scale for patients with breast cancer (KS-Br) in Korea. Methods: The process included the construction of a conceptual framework, generation of preliminary items, and the test of validity and reliability of the scale. Thirty-seven items were developed through an evaluation process by 10 experts and 24 items were finally confirmed through item analysis. Psychometric testing was performed with a convenient sample of 303 women with breast cancer. The data was analyzed using independent t-test, Pearson's correlation, and calculation of KR-20. Results: Participants averaged 70.8% correct on the test. The KS-Br has 24 items consisting of 5 categories: incidence of breast cancer, diagnosis and treatment, symptom management, sexuality, and maintenance of daily life. Validity was supported by the use of content validity, known-group technique, and criterion-related validity. Women who had undergone education intervention scored significantly higher than women who had not (p<.001). KS-Br scores were significantly correlated with those of Mishel's Illness Uncertainty Scale (r=-.214, p<.001). Internal consistency of the KS-Br was appropriate (KR20=.805). Conclusion: This study reveals that the KS-Br is reliable and valid scale to measure the knowledge of breast cancer. Therefore, this scale can be effectively utilized to assess the knowledge of patients with breast cancer regarding their disease.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 2013

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to develop the Korean Strength Scale and to examine its validity and reliability. Methods : The Korean Strength Scale is a self-report questionnaire that measures 25 valued strengths and is comprised of 124 items ; each item had a 0-5 rating on a 6-point scale. In order to test validity and reliability, data were collected from 355 adults. The measures included the Korean Strength Scale, HEXACO Personality Inventory (HEXACO-PI), Satisfaction with life scale (SWLS), Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS), and Orientations to Happiness Questionnaire (OHQ). Results : The resulting exploratory factor analysis of the Korean Strength Scale suggested 4 factor structures. The Korean Strength Scale was shown to have acceptable psychometric properties, including acceptable internal-consistency reliabilities, factorial validity, and high convergent correlations. Conclusion : Although there is room on improvement for some facet scales, the Korean Strength Scale appears to be a useful tool for assessing an individual's signature strengths.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.46 no.6
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• pp.101-114
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to develop a self-report scale measuring dysfunctional communication behaviors that Korean husbands and wives may use during marital fights. Based on the four concepts of criticism, contempt, defensiveness, and stonewalling proposed by Gottman(1994a), an initial pool of 38 items was developed. Through expert reviews of the 38 items to assess content validity, preliminary 30 items were selected. Using a sample of 89 married couples who were living in Susan, Korea, we conducted item analyses and exploratory factor analyses with the 30 items. These analyses yielded a final 19-item, four-factor scale : criticism(5 items), contempt(5 items), defensiveness(5 items), and stonewalling(4 items). The internal consistency estimates for these subscales were satisfactory. Finally, using another sample of 228 wives, we conducted confirmatory factor analysis to confirm cross validity of the 19-item, four-factor model. The result indicated that this model fitted the data reasonably well. All standardized factor loadings were significant in this model. The results of this study supported reliability and validity of this scale.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.54 no.3
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• pp.340-357
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to develop a Hybrid Clinical Practicum Environment Scale for Nursing Students (HCPES-NS) and verify its validity and reliability. Methods: The HCPES-NS was constructed following the DeVellis guidelines. The initial items were written based on a literature review and individual in-depth interviews. Content validity was verified through an expert panel review. To confirm the validity and reliability of the scale, a survey was conducted with 449 nursing students enrolled in 12 nursing colleges. Data were analyzed using item analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, concurrent validity, and reliability tests. Results: Factor analysis showed that the HCPES-NS consists of 15 items on five subdomains: clinical site atmosphere, interpersonal relationship, alternative online practicum contents, provision of learning information, and clinical performance facilitation. A higher score indicated a more positive perception of the clinical practicum environment. The concurrent validity of the HCPES-NS was confirmed by its positive correlation with the Clinical Learning Environment Scale (r = .77). The Cronbach's α reliability of the HCPES-NS was .84. Conclusion: The HCPES-NS is both valid and reliable. This scale reflects the clinical practicum environment and includes an online practicum factor. It may be used effectively by faculty members and educators to evaluate nursing students' perceptions of clinical practicum environments.